Appeals to the Supreme Court under Civil Code

Sec-9 to 12

SECTION 109: WHEN APPEALS LIE TO THE SUPREME COURT

Subject to the provisions in Chapter IV of Part V of the Constitution and such rules as may, from timeTime Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) to time, be made by the Supreme Court regarding appeals from the Courts of IndiaIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more, and to the provisions hereinafter contained, an appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2).  Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022), decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court, if the High Court certifies —

(i) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and

(ii) that in the opinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion. of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.

SECTION 110: VALUE OF SUBJECT MATTER  [Omitted

SECTION 111: rep

SECTION 112:    SAVING

(1) Nothing contained in this Code shall be deemed–

(a) to affect the powers of the Supreme Court under article 136 or any other provision of the Constitution, or
(b) to interfere with any rules made by the Supreme Court, and for the time being in force, for the presentation of appeals to that Court, or their conduct before that court.

(2) Nothing herein contained applies to any matter of criminal or admiralty or vice admiralty jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case., or to appeals from orders and decrees of Prize courts.

Order 45

1. “Decree” defined. – In this Order, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context, the expression “decree” shall include a final order.

2. Application to Court whose complained of. – [(1)] Whoever desires to appeal the Supreme Court shall apply by petition to the Court whose decree is complained of.

[(2) Every petition under sub-rule (1) shall be heard as expeditiously as possible and endeavour shall be made to conclude the disposal of the petition within sixty days from the date on which the petition is presented to the Court under sub-rule (1).]

3. Certificate as to value or fitness. –[(1) Every petition shall state the grounds of appeal and pray for a certificate—

(ii) that in the opinion of the Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.]

(2) Upon receipt of such petition, the Court shall direct notice to be served on the opposite party to show causeShow Cause A process directed to a person to appear in court and present reasons why a certain order, judgment, or decree should not be made final. why the said certificate should not be granted.

4. [Consolidation of suits.-] Rep. by the Code of civil Procedure (Amendment) Act,1973 (49 of 1973) Section 4 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).

5. [Remission of dispute to Court of first instance.-] Rep. by Section 4, ibid, (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).

6. Effect of refusal of certificate. – Where such certificate is refused, the petition shall be dismissed.

7. Security and deposit required on grant of certificate. – (1) Where the certificate is granted, the applicant shall, within [ninety days or such further period, not exceeding sixty days, as the Court may upon cause shown allow] from the date of the decree complained of, or within six weeks from the date of the grant of the certificate whichever is the later date,—

(b) deposit the amount required to defray the expense of translating, transcribing indexing [printing,] and transmitting to [the Supreme Court]a correct copy of the whole record of the suit, except—

(1) formal documents directed to be excluded by any [Rule of the Supreme Court] in force for the time being;(2) papers which the parties agree to exclude;(3) accounts, or portions of accounts, which the officer empowered by the Court for that purpose considers unnecessary, and which the parties have not specifically asked to be included; and(4) such other documents as the High Court may direct to be excluded:Provided that the Court at the time of granting the certificate may, after hearing any opposite party who appears, order on the ground of special hardship that some other form of security may be furnished:

Provided further, that no adjournment shall be granted to an opposite party to contest the nature of such security.

8. Admission of appeal and procedure thereon. –
(a) declare the appeal admitted, Where such security has been furnished and deposit made to the satisfaction of the Court, the Court shall—

(b) give notice thereof to the respondent,

(c) transmit to [the Supreme Court] under the seal of the Court a correct copy of the said record, except as aforesaid, and

(d) give to either party one or more authenticated copies of any of the papers in the suit on his applying therefore and paying the reasonable expenses incurred in preparing them.

9. Revocation of acceptance of security. – At any time before the admission of the appeal the Court may, upon cause shown, revoke the acceptance of any such security, and make further directions thereon.

9A. Power to dispense with notices in case of deceased parties. – Nothing in these rules requiring any notice to be served on or given to an opposite party or respondent shall be deemed to require any notice to be served on or given to the legal representative of any deceased opposite party or deceased respondent in a case, where such opposite party or respondent did not appear either at the hearing in the Court whose decree is complained of or at any proceedings subsequent to the decree of that Court:Provided that notices under sub-rule (2) of rule 3 and under rule 8 shall be given by affixing the same in some conspicuous place in the court-house of the Judge of the district in which the suit was originally brought, and by publication in such newspapers as the Court may direct.]

10. Power to order further security or payment. – Where at any time after the admission of an appeal but before the transmission of the copy of the record, except as aforesaid, to the Supreme Court such security appears inadequate, or further payment is required for the purpose of translating, transcribing, printing, indexing or transmitting the copy of the record, except as aforesaid, the Court may order the appellant to furnish, within a time to be fixed by the Court, other and sufficient security, or to make, within except as aforesaid.

11. Effect of failure to comply with order. – Where the appellant fails to comply with such order, the proceedings shall be stayed, and the appeal shall not proceed without an order in this behalf of [the Supreme Court] and in the meantime execution of the decree appealed from shall not be stayed.

12. Refund of balance deposit. – When the copy of the record, except as aforesaid, has been transmitted to the Supreme Court, the appellant may obtain a refund of the balance (if any) of the amount which he had deposited under rule 7.

13. Powers of Court pending appeal. – (1) Notwithstanding the grant of a certificate for the admission of any appeal, the decree appealed from shall be unconditionally executed, unless the Court otherwise directs.(2) The Court may, if it thinks fit, on special cause shown by any party interested in the suit, or otherwise appearing to the court,—

(b) allow the decree appealed from to be executed, taking such security from the respondent as the Court thinks fit for the due performance of any order which [the Supreme Court] may make on the appeal, or

(c) stay the execution of the decree appealed from, taking such security from the appellant as the Court thinks fit for the due performance of the decree appealed from, or [of any decree or order] which [the Supreme Court] may make on the appeal, or

(d) place any party seeking the assistance of the Court under such conditions or give such other direction respecting the subject-matter of the appeal, as it thinks fit, by the appointment of a receiver or otherwise.

(a) if the original security was furnished by the appellant, the Court may, on the application of the respondent, execute the decree, appealed from as if the appellant had furnished no such security;

14. Increase of security found inadequate. – (1) Where at any time during the pendency of the appeal the security furnished by either party appears inadequate, the Court may, on the application of the other party, require further security.(2) In default of such further security being furnished as required by the Court,—

(b) if the original security was furnished by the respondent, the Court shall, so far as may be practicable stay the further execution of the decree, and restore the parties to the position in which they respectively were when the security which appears inadequate was furnished, or give such direction respecting the subject matter of the appeal as it thinks fit.

15. Procedure to enforce orders of the Supreme Court. – (1) Whoever desires to obtain execution of [any decree or order] of [the Supreme Court] shall apply by petition, accompanied by a certified copy of the decree passed or order made in appeal and sought to be executed, to the Court from which the appeal to [the Supreme Courts], was preferred.(2) Such Court shall transmit the [decree or order] of [the Supreme Court] to the Court which passed the first decree appealed from, or to such other Court as [the Supreme Court] by such [decree or order] may direct and shall (upon the application of either party) give such directions as may be required for the execution of the same; and the Court to which the said [decree or order] is so transmitted shall execute it accordingly, in the manner and according to the provisions applicable to the execution of its original decrees.(3) [***][(4)][Unless the Supreme Court otherwise directs, no decree or order of that Court][shall be inoperative on the ground that no notice has been served on or given to the legal representative of any deceased opposite party or deceased respondent in a case, where such opposite party or respondent did not appear either at the hearing in the Court whose decree was complained of or at any proceedings subsequent to the decree of that Court, but such order shall have the same force and effect as if it had been made before the death took place.]

16. Appeal from order relating to execution. – The orders made by the Court which executes the [decree or order] of [the Supreme Court], relating to such execution, shall be appealable in the same manner and subject to the same rules as the orders of such Court relating to the execution of its own decrees.