H. P. Singh Vs Thakur Prasad Tewari an another [SC 1950 December]

Keywords : Ignorance of contempt  order Notice

AIR 1953 SC 436 : (1953) CriLJ SC 1837

(SUPREME COURT OF INDIAIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more)

(Before : Saiyid Fazl Ali, B. K. Mukherjea And N. Chandrasekhara Aiyar, JJ.)

Criminal Appeal No.18 of 1950. (Privy Council Appeal No. 29 of 1949), Decided on : 21-12-1950.

Contempt of CourtContempt of Court Failure to obey a court order.  A disregard of, or disobedience to, the rules or orders of a judicial body or an interruption of its proceedings by disorderly behavior or insolent language. Civil Contempt:  Noncompliance with a court order or rule that affects another person; punishment is administered to compel compliance.—Disobedience of order—Ignorance of order—The order of the High Court not complied as the District Magistrate was away on tour and thus was not aware of the order—It is a good defence in contempt proceedings—Notice of contempt, discharged.

“If there was no intention to flout or disobey the order of the High”, as seems to have been conceded in the judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2).  Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022) under appeal, that must also be regarded as an important circumstance in favour of the appellant.

Counsel for the Parties:

Shri S. K. Mitra, Senior Advocate, (Shri Kameshwar Dayal Advocate with him), instructed by Shri P. K. Chatterjee, Advocate for Appellant.

Judgment

Fazl Ali, J—This appeal has been preferred by the appellant after obtaining special leave to appeal from the Privy Council against the judgment of the High Court of Judicature at Patna in a contempt proceeding.

2. It appears that one Ramrajib Singh was detained under the Bihar Maintenance of Public Order Act, 1947, in pursuance of an order issued by the Provincial Government on 19-2-1948. He applied to the High Court at Patna under S. 491, Criminal P. C., and, on 30-7-1948, the High Court directed him to be “released forthwith.” The very same day, a copy of the High Court’s order was forwarded to the District Magistrate, Bhagalpur , for information and necessary action, and it reached the District Magistrate’s office on 31-7-1948. Ramrajib Singh was not however released until 8-8-1948. On 21st September, he filed in the High Court an application for taking action for contempt of Court against the Province of Bihar, the District Magistrate, Bhagalpur, and the Superintendent, Central Jail, Bhagalpur, and the High Court, directed a rule to be issued.

On the 28-10-1948, the appellant who was during the relevant period the District Magistrate of Bhagalpur, filed a petition in the High Court showing cause against the rule and stated ‘inter alia’ that he was away from Bhagalpur on tour from the 31-7-1948, when the order of the High Court releasing the detenu was received in his office, that he was not personally guilty, of any laches and had not disobeyed the order of the High Court in any way and that the delay in communicating the order of the High Court to the jail authorities was due to the inexperience of clerks in the office. The appellants petition was accompanied by an affidavitAffidavit An ex parte statement in writing made under oath before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths, about facts which the affiant either knows of his own personal knowledge or is aware of to the best of his knowledge. sworn to by his judicial peshkar, who set out his own version explaining the delay in communicating the order of release to the jail authorities.

When the case came up before the High Court, the Advocate-General of Bihar tendered an apology on behalf of the District Magistrate, to which the learned Judges have referred in their judgment under appeal in these terms :

“Very frankly and candidly, the learned Advocate-General on behalf of the District Magistrate of Bhagalpur has expressed the latter’s sincere regret for the Delay which had occurred in his office and tendered an unqualified apology to this Court. We accept that apology in this case.’’

3. They ultimately discharged the rule against the appellant with these observations; “Our finding is that, though the District Magistrate of Bhagalpur has been in contempt with regard to Ramrajib Singh, we should discharge the rule against him after accepting his unqualified apology.”

4. As to the meritsMerits Strict legal rights of the parties; a decision “on the merits” is one that reaches the right(s) of a party as distinguished from a disposition of the case on a ground not reaching the rights raised in the action; for example, in a criminal case double jeopardy does not apply if charges are nolle prossed before trial commences, and in a civil action res judicata does not apply if a previous action was dismissed on a preliminary motion raising a technicality such as improper service of process. of the case, the High Court made the following observations:

“Unfortunately, however, the District Magistrate of Bhagalpur has been in contempt in the sense that he had failed to carry out the order of this Court for the release, at least of Ramrajib Singh. . . . . . . . It is in our opinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion. no plea to say that the District Magistrate was out on tour or that some other officers or clerks who were in charge had been negligent. We look to the District Magistrate to see that our orders are carried out. What internal arrangement the District Magistrate makes for attending to urgent work during his absence of tour is his business but I do not think he can be absolved from all responsibility by merely showing that some officers under him were grossly negligent.

That they were grossly negligent does not admit of any doubt. I am surprised to learn that the typing of a memorandum containing the order of release of a particular person was delayed because of the Id holidays. as though the liberty of the subject was to be trifled with on such a flimsy ground. It should have been the duty of every one connected with the office of the District Magistrate of Bhagalpur to see that the order of this Court, particularly an order relating to a person who was held to have been illegally detained by this Court, was immediately given effect to. In our opinion, the District Magistrate had failed to see that our order addressed to him was given immediate effect and in that sense he has been guilty of contempt.

The disobedience being the result of gross negligence was not merely accidental, even though there was no intention to flout or disobey the order of this Court; but intention in that sence is not the sole test in a case of contempt though it may be taken into consideration on the question of punishment. I have already observed that it was the duty of the District Magistrate to see that the order of this Court was given immediately effect, and the District Magistrate had failed to do so. To this extent, I think, the District Magistrate had been in contempt of this Court”

5. The learned Judges also observed that “there was gross negligence in the office of the District Magistrate of Bhagalpur, and we only hope that in future there would be no occasion for any complaint regarding delay in earning out the orders passed by this Court.”

6. There is much in the judgment of the High Court with which we find ourselves in full agreementContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act.. The excuses that were put forward in the affidavit of the judicial peshkar for the delay are most flimsy and unconvincing, and to say that there was only gross negligence on the part of those whose duty it was to carry out the orders of the High Court is to take a most favourable view of their action or want of action. The fact that the detenu was not released until 8-8-1948, the date on which the order of detention was due to expire and he would have been released independently of the order of the High Court, is one of the curious features of the case, and the strange coincidence, if coincidence it was, was the main basis of the detenu’s argument that the execution of the order of the High Court had been wilfully delayed.

However that may be, it is undoubtedly a most serious thing that a person who was found by the High Court not to have been property detained, should continue to be detained for nearly 8 days, in spite of the order directing his release. The High Court was therefore justified in taking a serious view of the matter, and we hope that the Provincial Government will take proper steps against those persons on account of whose default the delay in this case has occurred and ensure that cases like this which tend to affect the confidence of the public in the efficiency of administration, do not recur.

7. We find it difficult however to hold upon the findings of the learned Judges of the High Court that the District Magistrate was personally guilty of contempt. If it is a fact that he was away on tour and was not aware of the order of the High Court, that fact must be regarded as a good defence in a contempt proceeding. Again, “if there was no intention to flout or disobeby the order of the High Court,” as seems to have been conceded in the Judgment under appeal, that must also be regarded as an important circumstance in favour of the appellant.

The appellant did tender an apology, but that apology must not be taken to be a confession of guilt, especially as it was made in connection with the delay which had occurred in his office. As the rule against the appellant has been discharged by the High Court, we think that his purpose in bringing up the matter to this Court would be served by our pronouncement that in law he is not guilty of contempt. Subject to this observation, the appeal is dismissed.