The Police Act, 1861

The Police Act, 1861 (5 of 1861)
An Act for the Regulation of Police .

Preamble – Whereas it is expedient to reorganise the police and to make it a more efficient instrument for the prevention and detection of crimeCrime A positive or negative act in violation of penal law; an offense against the state classified either as a felony or misdemeanor.; It is enacted as follows:-

1. Interpretation clause –   The following words and expressions in this Act shall have the meaning assigned to them, unless there be something in the subject or context repugnant to such construction, that is to say the words Magistrate of the district shall mean the chief officer charged with the executive administration of a district and exercising the powers of a Magistrate, by whatever designation the chief officer charged with such executive administration is styled;

the word Magistrate shall include all persons within the general police district, exercising all or any of the powers of a Magistrate;

the word police shall include all persons who shall be enrolled under this Act;

the words general police district shall embrace [any] Presidency, State, or place or any part of any Presidency, State or place, in which this Act shall be ordered to take effect;

[the words District Superintendent and District Superintendent of Police shall include any Assistant District Superintendent, or other person appointed by general or special order of the State Government to perform all or any of the duties of a District Superintendent of Police under this Act in any district;]

the word property shall include any movable property, money or valuable security;

the word person shall include a company or corporationCorporation A legally established entity that can enter into contracts, own assets and incur debt, as well as sue and be sued—all separately from its owner(s). The term covers both for-profit and nonprofit corporations and includes nonstock corporations, incorporated membership organizations, incorporated cooperatives, incorporated trade associations, professional corporations and, under certain circumstances, limited liability companies.;

the word month shall mean a calendar month;

[the word cattle shall, besides horned cattle, include elephants, camels, horses, asses, mules, sheep, goats and swine.]

[References to the subordinate ranks of a police force shall be construed as references to members of that force below the rank of Deputy Superintendent.]

2. Constitution of the force – The entire police-establishment under a State Government shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be one police [force], and shall be formally enrolled and shall consist of such number of officers and men, and shall be constituted in such manner, [- – -] as shall, from timeTime Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) to time, be ordered by the State Government [- – -].
[Subject to the provisions of this Act, the pay and all other conditions of service of members of the subordinate ranks of any police force shall be such as may be determined by the State Government.]

3. Superintendence in the State Government – The superintendence of the police throughout a general police-district shall vest in and [- – -] shall be exercised by the State Government to which such district is subordinate; and except as authorised under the provisions of this Act, no person, officer, or Court shall be empowered by the State Government to [—] supersede, or control any police functionary.

4. Inspector-General of Police, etc – The administration of the police throughout a general police district shall be vested in an officer to be styled the Inspector-General of Police, and in such Deputy Inspectors-General and Assistant Inspectors-General as to the State Government shall deem fit.
The administration of the police throughout the local jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case. of the Magistrate of the district shall, under the general control and direction of such Magistrate, be vested in a District Superintendent and such Assistant District Superintendents as the State Government shall consider necessary.

5. Powers of Inspector-General Exercise of powers -The Inspector-General of Police shall have the full powers of a Magistrate throughout the general police district; but shall exercise those powers subject to such limitation as may, from time to time, be imposed by the State Government.

6. Magisterial powers of police officers .[Repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882 (10 of 1882), section 2 and Schedule I.

7. Appointment, dismissal, etc., of inferior officers – Subject to the provisions of article 311 of the Constitution, and to such rules] as the State Government may, from time to time, make under this Act, the Inspector-General, Deputy Inspectors-General, Assistant Inspectors-General and District Superintendents of Police may at any time dismiss, suspend or reduce any police officer of the subordinate ranks] whom they shall think remiss or negligent in the discharge of his duty, or unfit for the same;
[or may award any one or more of the following punishments to any police officer [of the subordinate ranks] who shall discharge his duty in a careless or negligent manner, or who, by any act of his own, shall render himself unfit for the discharge thereof, namely:- (a) fine to any amount not exceeding one months pay;
(b) confinement to quarters for a term not exceeding fifteen days, with or without punishment-drill, extra guard, fatigue or other duty;
(c) deprivation of good-conduct pay;
(d) removal from any office of distinction or special emolument.]

8. Certificates to police officers – Every police officer appointed to the police force other than an officer mentioned in section 4 shall receive on his appointment a certificate in the form annexed to this Act under the seal of the Inspector-General or such other officer as the Inspector-General shall appoint, by virtue of which the person holding such certificate shall be vested with the powers, functions, and privileges of a police officer.
Surrender of certificate .Such certificate shall cease to have effect whenever the person named in it ceases for any reason to be a police officer, and, on his ceasing to be such an officer, shall be forthwith surrendered by him to any officer empowered to receive the same.
A police officer shall not, by reason of being suspended from office, cease to be a police officer. During the term of such suspension the powers, functions and privileges vested in him as a police officer shall be in abeyance, but he shall continue subject to the same responsibilities, discipline and penalties and to the same authorities, as if he had not been suspended.

9. Police officers not to resign without leave or two months notice .No police officer shall be at liberty to withdraw himself from the duties of his office unless expressly allowed to do so by the District Superintendent or by some other officer authorised to grant such permission or, without the leave of the District Superintendent, to resign his office unless he shall have given to his superior officer notice in writing, for a period of not less than two months, of his intention to resign.

10. Police officers not to engage in other employment .No police officer shall engage in an employment or office whatever other than his duties under this Act, unless expressly permitted to do so in writing by the Inspector-General.

11. Police superannuation fund.[Repealed by the Repealing Act, 1874 (16 of 1874), section 1 and Schedule.]

12. Power of Inspector-General to make rules – The Inspector-General of Police may, from time to time, subject to the approval of the State Government, frame such orders and rules as he shall deem expedient relative to the organisation, classification and distribution of the police force, the places at which the members of the force shall reside, and the particular services to be performed by them; their inspection, the description of arms, accoutrements and other necessaries to be furnished to them; the collecting and communicating by them of intelligence and information; and all such other orders and rules relative to the police force as the Inspector-General shall, from time to time, deem expedient for preventing abuse or neglect of duty, and for rendering such force efficient in the discharge of its duties.

13. Additional police officers employed at cost of individuals – It shall be lawful for the Inspector-General of Police, or any Deputy Inspector-General, or Assistant Inspector-General, or for the District Superintendent, subject to the general direction of the Magistrate of the district, on the application of any person showing the necessity thereof, to depute any additional number of police officers to keep the peace at any place within the general police district, and for such time as shall be deemed proper. Such force shall be exclusively under the orders of the District Superintendent, and shall be at the charge of the person making the application:
Provided that it shall be lawful for the person on whose application such deputation shall have been made, on giving one months notice in writing to the Inspector-General, Deputy Inspector-General, or Assistant Inspector-General, or to the District Superintendent, to require that the police officers so deputed shall be withdrawn; and such person shall be relieved from the charge of such additional force from the expiration of such notice.

14. Appointment of additional force in the neighbourhood of railway and other works – Whenever any railway, canal or other public work, or any manufactory or commercial concern shall be carried on, or be in operation in any part of the country, and it shall appear to the Inspector-General that the employment of an additional police force in such place is rendered necessary by the behaviour or reasonable apprehension of the behaviour of the persons employed upon such work, manufactory or concern, it shall be lawful for the Inspector-General, with the consent of the State Government, to depute such additional force to such place, and to employ the same so long as such necessity shall continue, and to make orders, from time to time, upon the person having the control or custody of the funds used in carrying on such work, manufactory or concern, for the payment of the extra force so rendered necessary, and such person shall thereupon cause payment to be made accordingly.

15. Quartering of additional police in disturbed or dangerous districts – (1) It shall be lawful for the State Government, by proclamation to be notified in the Official Gazette, and in such other manner as the State Government shall direct, to declare that any area subject to its authority has been found to be in a disturbed or dangerous state, or that, from the conduct of the inhabitants of such area or of any class or section of them, it is expedient to increase the number of police.
(2) It shall thereupon be lawful for the Inspector-General of Police, or other officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf, with the sanction of the State Government, to employ any police force in addition to the ordinary fixed complement to be quartered in the area specified in such proclamation as aforesaid.
(3) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (5) of this section, the cost of such additional police force shall be borne by the inhabitants of such area described in the proclamation.
(4) The Magistrate of the district, after such enquiry as he may deem necessary, shall apportion such cost among the inhabitants who are, as aforesaid, liable to bear the same and who shall not have been exempted under the next succeeding sub-section. Such apportionment shall be made according to the Magistrates judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2).  Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022) of the respective means within such area of such inhabitants.
(5) It shall be lawful for the State Government by order to exempt any persons or class or section of such inhabitants from liability to bear any portion of such cost.
(6) Every proclamation issued under sub-section (1) of this section shall state the period for which it is to remain in force, but it may be withdrawn at any time or continued from time to time for a further period or periods as the State Government may in each case think fit to direct.
Explanation. For the purposes of this section, inhabitants shall include persons who themselves or by their agents or servants occupy or hold land or other immovable property within such area, and landlords who themselves or by their agents or servants collect rents direct from raiyats or occupiers in such area, notwithstanding that they do not actually reside therein.

15-A. Awarding compensation to sufferers from misconduct of inhabitants or persons interested in land – (1) If, in any area in regard to which any proclamation notified under the last preceding section is in force, death or grievous hurt or loss of, or damage to, property has been caused by or has ensued from the misconduct of the inhabitants of such area or any class or section of them, it shall be lawful for any person, being an inhabitant of such area, who claims to have suffered injury from such misconduct to make, within one month from the date of the injury or such shorter period as may be prescribed, an application for compensation to the Magistrate of the district or of the sub-division of a district within which such area is situated.
(2) It shall thereupon be lawful for the Magistrate of the district, with the sanction of the State Government after such enquiry as he may deem necessary, and whether any additional police force has or has not been quartered in such area under the last preceding section, to
(a) declare the persons to whom injury has been caused by or has ensued from such misconduct;
(b) fix the amount of compensation to be paid to such persons and the manner in which it is to be distributed among them; and
(c) assess the proportion in which the same shall be paid by the inhabitants of such area other than the applicant who shall not have been exempted from liability to pay under the next succeeding sub-section:
Provided that the Magistrate shall not make any declaration or assessment under this sub-section, unless he is of opinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion. that such injury as aforesaid had arisen from a riot or unlawful assembly within such area, and that the person who suffered the injury was himself free from blame in respect of the occurrences which led to such injury.
(3) It shall be lawful for the State Government, by order, to exempt any person or class or section of such inhabitants from liability to pay any portion of such compensation.
(4) Every declaration or assessment made or order passed by the Magistrate of the district under sub-section (2) shall be subject to revision by the Commissioner of the Division or the State Government, but save as aforesaid, shall be final.
(5) No civil suit shall be maintainable in respect of any injury for which compensation has been awarded under this section.
(6) Explanation. In this section the word inhabitants shall have the same meaning as in the last preceding section.

16. Recovery of moneys payable under sections 13, 14, 15 and 15-A, and disposal of same when recovered – (1) All moneys payable under sections 13, 14, 15 and 15-A shall be recoverable by the Magistrate of the district in the manner provided by sections 386 and 387 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882 (10 of 1882) for the recovery of fines, or by suit in any competent Court.
(3) All moneys paid or recovered under section 15-A shall be paid by the Magistrate of the district to the persons to whom and in the proportions in which the same are payable under that section.

17. Special police officers-When it shall appear that any unlawful assembly or riot or disturbance of the peace has taken place, or may be reasonably apprehended, and that the police force ordinarily employed for preserving the peace is not sufficient for its preservation and for the protection of the inhabitants and the security of property in the place where such unlawful assembly or riot or disturbance of the peace has occurred, or is apprehended, it shall be lawful for any police officer, not below the rank of Inspector to apply to the nearest Magistrate to appoint so many of the residents of the neighbourhood as such police officers may require to act as special police officers for such time and within such limits as he shall deem necessary; and the Magistrate to whom such application is made shall, unless he see cause to the contrary, comply with the application.

18. Powers of special police officers .Every special police officer so appointed shall have the same powers, privileges and protection, and shall be liable to perform the same duties and shall be amenable to the same penalties, and be subordinate to the same authorities, as the ordinary officers of police.
19. Refusal to serve as special police officers .If any person being appointed a special police officer as aforesaid, shall without sufficient excuse, neglect or refuse to serve as such, or to obey such lawful order or direction as may be given to him for the performance of his duties, he shall be liable, upon conviction before a Magistrate, to a fine not exceeding fifty rupees for every such neglect, refusal or disobedience.

20. Authority to be exercised by police officers .Police officers enrolled under this Act shall not exercise any authority, except the authority provided for a police officer under this Act and any Act which shall hereafter be passed for regulating criminal procedure.

21. Village police officers .Nothing in this Act shall affect any hereditary or other village police officer, unless such officer shall be enrolled as a police officer under this Act. When so enrolled, such officer shall be bound by the provisions of the last preceding section. No hereditary or other village police officer shall be enrolled without his consent and the consent of those who have the right of nomination.
Police chaukidars in the Presidency of Fort William .If any police officer appointed under Act XX of 1856 (to make better provision for the appointment and maintenance of Police chaukidars in Cities, Towns, Stations, Suburbs, and Bazars in the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal) is employed out of the district for which he shall have been appointed under that Act, he shall not be paid out of the rates levied under the said Act for that district.

22. Police officers always on duty and may be employed in any part of district .Every police officer shall, for all purposes in this Act contained, be considered to be always on duty, and may, at any time, be employed as a police officer in any part of the general police district.

23. Duties of police officers .It shall be the duty of every police officer promptly, to obey and execute all orders and warrants lawfully issued to him by any competent authority; to collect and communicate intelligence affecting the public peace; to prevent the commission of offences and public nuisances; to detect and bring offenders to justice and to apprehend all persons whom he is legally authorised to apprehend, and for whose apprehension sufficient ground exists; and it shall be lawful for every police officer, for any of the purposes mentioned in this section, without a warrant, to enter and inspect any drinking-shop, gaming-house or other place of resort of loose and disorderly characters.

24. Police officers may lay information, etc .It shall be lawful for any police officer to lay any information before a Magistrate, and to apply for a summonsSummons It means an application to the Court in relation to an action or appeal which has to be served on other parties or non‑parties., warrant, search-warrant or such other legal process as may by law issue against any person committing an offence [- – -].

25. Police officers to take charge of unclaimed property, and be subject to Magistrates orders as to disposal .It shall be the duty of every police officer to take charge of all unclaimed property, and to furnish an inventory thereof, to the Magistrate of the district.
The police officers shall be guided as to the disposal of such property by such orders as they shall receive from the Magistrate of the district.

26. Magistrate may detain property and issue proclamation .(1) The Magistrate of the district may detain the property and issue a proclamation, specifying the articles of which it consists, and requiring any person who has any claimA Claim A claim is “factually unsustainable” where it could be said with confidence before trial that the factual basis for the claim is entirely without substance, which can be the case if it were clear beyond question that the facts pleaded are contradicted by all the documents or other material on which it is based. thereto, to appear and establish his right to the same within six months from the date of such proclamation.
(2) The provisions of section 525 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882 (10 of 1882)* shall be applicable to property referred to in this section.

27. Confiscation of property if no claimant appears .(1) If no person shall within the period allowed claim such property, or the proceeds thereof, if sold, it may, if not already sold under sub-section (2) of the last preceding section, be sold under the orders of the Magistrate of the district.
(2) The sale proceeds of property sold under the preceding sub-section and the proceeds of property sold under section 26 to which no claim has been established shall be at the disposal of the State Government.

28. Persons refusing to deliver up certificate, etc., on ceasing to be police officers .Every person, having ceased to be an enrolled police officer under this Act, who shall not forthwith deliver up his certificate, and the clothing, accoutrements, appointments and other necessaries which shall have been supplied to him for the execution of his duty, shall be liable, on conviction before a Magistrate, to a penalty not exceeding two hundred rupees, or to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for a period not exceeding six months, or to both.

29. Penalties for neglect of duty, etc .Every police officer who shall be guilty of any violation of duty or wilful breach or neglect of any rule or regulation of lawful order made by competent authority, or who shall withdraw from the duties of his office without permission, or without having given previous notice for the period of two months, or who, being absent on leave, shall fail, without reasonable cause, to report himself for duty on the expiration of such leave, or who shall engage without authority in any employment other than this police duty, or who shall be guilty of cowardice, or who shall offer any unwarrantable personal violence to any person in his custody, shall be liable, on conviction before a Magistrate, to a penalty not exceeding three months pay, or to imprisonment with or without hard labour, for a period not exceeding three months, or to both.

30. Regulation of public assemblies and processions and licensing of the same .(1) The District Superintendent or Assistant District Superintendent of Police may, as occasion requires, direct the conduct of all assemblies and processions on the public roads, or in the public streets or thoroughfares, and prescribe the routes by which, and the times at which, such processions may pass.
(2) He may also, on being satisfied that it is intended by any persons or class of persons to convene or collect an assembly in any such road, street or thoroughfare, or to form a procession which would, in the judgment of the Magistrate of the district, or of the sub-division of a district, if uncontrolled, be likely to cause a breach of the peace, require by general or special notice that the persons convening or collecting such assembly or directing or promoting such procession shall apply for a licence.
(3) On such application being made, he may issue a license specifying the names of the licensees and defining the conditions on which alone such assembly or such possession is to be permitted to take place and otherwise giving effect to this section:
Provided that no fee shall be charged on the application for, or grant of, any such licence. (4) Music in the streets.He may also regulate the extent to which music may be used in streets on the occasion of festivals and ceremonies.

30-A. Powers with regard to assemblies and processions violating conditions of license .(1) Any Magistrate or District Superintendent of Police or Assistant District Superintendent of Police or Inspector of Police or any police officer in charge of a station may stop any procession which violates the conditions of a licence granted under the last foregoing section, and may order it or any assembly which violates any such conditions as aforesaid to disperse.
(2) Any procession or assembly which neglects or refuses to obey any order given under the last preceding sub-section shall be deemed to be an unlawful assembly.
31. Police to keep order on public roads, etc .It shall be the duty of the police to keep order on the public roads, and in the public streets, thoroughfares, ghats and landing-places, and at all other places of public resort, and to prevent obstructions on the occasions of assemblies and processions on the public roads and in the public streets, or in the neighbourhood of places of worship, during the time of public worship, and in any case when any road, street, thoroughfare, ghat or landing place may be thronged or may be liable to be obstructed.

32. Penalty for disobeying orders issued under last three sections, etc .Every person opposing or not obeying the orders issued under the last three preceding sections, or violating the conditions of any licence granted by the District Superintendent or Assistant District Superintendent of Police for the use of music, or for the conduct of assemblies and processions, shall be liable, on conviction before a Magistrate, to a fine not exceeding two hundred rupees.
33. Saving of control of Magistrate of district .Nothing in the last four preceding sections shall be deemed to interfere with the general control of the Magistrate of the district over the matters referred to therein.
34. Punishment for certain offences on roads, etc –  Any person who, on any road or in any open place or street or thoroughfare within the limits of any town to which this section shall be specially extended by the State Government, commits any of the following offences, to the obstruction, inconvenience, annoyance, risk, danger or damage of the residents or passengers shall, on conviction before a Magistrate, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty rupees, or to imprisonment with or without hard labour not exceeding eight days; and it shall be lawful for any police officer to take into custody, without a warrant, any person who within his view commits any of such offences, namely:
First Slaughtering cattle, furious riding, etc- Any person who slaughters any cattle or cleans any carcass; any person who rides or drives any cattle recklessly or furiously, or trains or breaks any horse or other cattle;
Second Cruelty to animals – Any person who wantonly or cruelly beats, abuses or tortures any animal;
Third Obstructing passengers – Any person who keeps any cattle or conveyance of any kind standing longer than is required for loading or unloading or for taking up or setting down passengers, or who leaves any conveyance in such a manner as to cause inconvenience or danger to the public;
Fourth Exposing goods for sale – Any person who exposes any goods for sale;
Fifth Throwing dirt into street -Any person who throws or lays down any dirt, filth rubbish or any stones or building materials, or who constructs any cowshed, stable or the like, or who causes any offensive matter to run from any house, factory, dungheap or the like;
Sixth Being found drunk or riotous – Any person who is found drunk or riotous or who is incapable of taking care of himself;
Seventh Indecent exposure of person – Any person who wilfully and indecently exposes his person, or any offensive deformity or disease, or commits nuisance by easing himself, or by bathing or washing in any tank or reservoir not being a place set apart for that purpose;
Eighth Neglect to protect dangerous places – Any person who neglects to fence in or duly to protect any well, tank or other dangerous place or structure.

35. Jurisdiction .[- – -] Any charge against a police officer above the rank of a constable under this Act shall be enquired into and determined only by an officer exercising the powers of a Magistrate.

36. Power to prosecute under other law not affected – Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to prevent any person from being prosecuted under any other Regulation or Act for any offence made punishable by this Act, or from being liable under any other Regulation or Act or any other or higher penalty or punishment than is provided for such offence by this Act:
Proviso – Provided that no person shall be punished twice for the same offence.

37. Recovery of penalties and fines imposed by Magistrates – The provisions of sections 64 to 70, both inclusive, of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), and of sections 386 to 389, both inclusive, of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882 (10 of 1882), with respect to fines, shall apply to penalties and fines imposed under this Act on conviction before Magistrate:
Provided that, notwithstanding anything contained in section 65 of the first-mentioned Code, any person sentenced to fine under section 34 of this Act, may be imprisoned in default of payment of such fine for any period not exceeding eight days.
38-41[REP]

42. Limitation of actions – All actions and prosecutions against any person, which may be lawfully brought for anything done or intended to be done under the provisions of this Act, or under the general police powers hereby given shall be commenced within three months after the act complained of shall have been committed, and not otherwise; and notice in writing or such action and of the cause thereof shall be given to the defendant, or to the District Superintendent or an Assistant District Superintendent of the district in which the act was committed, one month at least, before the commencement of the action.
Tender of amends – No plaintiff shall recover in any such action, if tender of sufficient amend shall have been made before such action brought, or if a sufficient sum of money shall have been paid into Court after such action brought, by or on behalf of the defendant, and though a decree shall be given for the plaintiff in any such action, such plaintiff shall not have costsCosts Subject to any written law, costs are at the discretion of the Court, and the Court has the power to determine all issues relating to the costs of or incidental to all proceedings, including by whom and to what extent the costs are to be paid, at any stage of the proceedings or after the conclusion of the proceedings. Generally “Costs” includes charges, disbursements, expenses, fees, and remuneration. Costs in any matter are payable from the date of the order of the Court unless the parties otherwise agree. The costs of a third-party funding contract are not recoverable as part of the costs of, or costs. against the defendant, unless the Judge before whom the trial is held shall certify his approbation of the action:
Proviso . Provided always that no action shall, in any case, lie where such officers shall have been prosecuted criminally for the same act.

43. Plea that act was done under warrant – When any action or prosecution shall be brought or any proceedings held against any police officer for any act done by him in such capacity, it shall be lawful for him to plead that such act was done by him under the authority of a warrant issued by a Magistrate.
Such plea shall be proved by the production of the warrant directing the act, and purporting to be signed by such Magistrate and the defendant shall, thereupon, be entitled to a decree in his favour, notwithstanding any defect of jurisdiction in such Magistrate. No proof of the signature of such Magistrate shall be necessary, unless the Court shall see reason to doubt its being genuine:
Proviso – Provided always that any remedy which the party may have against the authority issuing such warrant shall not be affected by anything contained in this section.

44. Police officers to keep diary – It shall be the duty of every officer in charge of a police station to keep a general diary in such form shall, from time to time, be prescribed by the State Government and to record therein all complaints and charges preferred, the names of all persons arrested, the names of the complainants, the offences charged against them, the weapons or property that shall have been taken from their possession or otherwise, and the names of the witnesses who shall have been examined.
The Magistrate of the district shall be at liberty to call for and inspect such diary.

45. State Government may prescribe form of returns .The State Government may direct the submission of such returns by the Inspector-General and other police officers as to such State Government shall seem proper, and may prescribe the form in which such returns shall be made.

46. Scope of Act – (1) This Act shall not, by its own operation, take effect in any Presidency, State or place. But the State Government by an order to be published in the Official Gazette, may extend the whole or any part of this Act to any Presidency, State or place, and the whole or such portion of this Act, as shall be specified in such order, shall thereupon, take effect in such Presidency, State or place.
(2) When the whole or any part of this Act shall have been so extended, the State Government may, from time to time, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules consistent with this Act
(a) to regulate the procedure to be followed by Magistrates and police officers in the discharge of any duty imposed upon them by or under this Act;
(b) to prescribe the time, manner and conditions within and under which claims for compensation under section 15-A are to be made, the particulars to be stated in such claims, the manner in which the same are to be verified, and the proceedings (including local enquiries, if necessary) which are to be taken consequent thereon; and
(c) generally, for giving effect to the provisions of this Act.
(3) All rules made under this Act may, from time to time, be amended, added to or cancelled by the State Government.

47. Authority of District Superintendent of Police over village police -It shall be lawful for the State Government in carrying this Act into effect in any part of the territories subject to such State Government, to declare that any authority which now is or may be exercised by the Magistrate of the district over any village watchman or other village police officer for the purposes of police, shall be exercised, subject to the general control of the Magistrate of the district, by the District Superintendent of Police.

FORM
(See section 8)
A, B has been appointed a member of the police force under Act 5 of 1861, and is vested with the powers, functions and privileges of a police officer.

The Police Act, 1888
(3 of 1888)

An Act to amend the law relating to the regulation of Police.

Whereas it is expedient to relax those provisions of Acts for the regulation of police which restrict the employment of police officers to the presidency, province or place of the police establishment of which they are members;

It is hereby enacted as follows:-

1. Title and extent .(1) This Act may be called The Police Act , 1888.

(2) It extends to the whole of IndiaIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more.

2. Constitution of police forces for special purposes .

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Madras District Police Act, 1859 (24 of 1859), the Indian Police Act, 1861 (5 of 1861), the Bombay District Police Act, 1890 (Bom. Act 4 of 1890), or any Act relating to the Police in any Presidency-town, the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, create a special police district embracing parts of two or more [States], and extend to every part of the said district the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to [a State] specified in the notification.
(2) Subject to any orders which the Central Government may make in this behalf, members of the said police force shall have, within every part of any [State] of which any part is included in the said district, the powers, duties, privileges and liabilities which, as police officers, they have in their own [State].
(3) Any member of the said police force whom the Central Government shall generally or specially empower to act under this sub-section may, subject to any orders which the Central Government may make in this behalf, exercise within any [State] any part of which is included in the said district any of the powers of the officer-in-charge of a police station in that [State], and when so exercising any such powers, shall, subject to any such order as aforesaid, be deemed to be an officer-in-charge of a police station discharging the functions of such an officer within the limits of his station.
(4) A part of a [State] included in the said district shall not by reason of that inclusion cease, for the purposes of any enactment relating to police, to be part of that [State].]

3. Employment of police officers beyond the State to which they belong .

Notwithstanding anything in any of the Acts mentioned or referred to in the last foregoing section, but subject to any orders which the [Central Government] may make in this behalf, a member of the [police force] of any [State] may discharge the functions of a police officer in any part of [any other State] and shall, while so discharging such functions, be deemed to be a member of the police force of that part and be vested with the powers, functions and privileges and be subject to the liabilities, of a police officer belonging to [that police force].

4. Consent of State Government to exercise of powers and jurisdiction.

Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to enable the police of one State to exercise powers and jurisdiction in any area within another State, not being a railway area, without the consent of the Government of that other State.

The Police Act, 1949 (64 of 1949)
An Act to provide for the constitution of a general police district embracing two or more Union territories and for the establishment of a police force therefor.
Whereas it is expedient to provide for the constitution of a general police district embracing two or more [Union territories] and for the establishment of a police force therefor;
It is hereby enacted as follows:-

1. Short title, extent and commencement .(1) This Act may be called The Police Act , 1949.
(2) It extends to all the [Union territories].
(3) It shall come into force in a [Union territory] on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint in this behalf for such territory.

2. Definition –

In this Act general police district means the general police district constituted under section 3.

3. Constitution of general police district embracing two or more Union territories].Notwithstanding anything contained in the Police Act, 1861 (5 of 1861), the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a general police district embracing two or more [Union territories].

4. Constitution of one police force for general police district

The entire police establishment in a general police district shall be one police force and shall consist of such number of officers and men and shall be constituted in such manner as the Central Government may, by order, direct.

5. Superintendence and administration of police –

(1) The superintendence of the police throughout a general police district shall vest in, and be exercised by, the Central Government.
(2) The administration of the said police force shall vest in an officer, appointed in this behalf by the Central Government, who shall exercise in respect of that police force such of the powers exercisable by an Inspector-General of Police under the Police Act, 1861 (5 of 1861), as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.

6. Application of the Police Act, 1861 .

Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Police Act, 1861 (5 of 1861), shall apply to the police force constituted for the general police district as if it were one police force constituted for a State, and members of the said police force shall have, in every part of [any territory] which is included in the general police district, the same powers, duties and privileges, and shall be subject to the same liabilities, as they would have had, or would have been subject to, as police officers if they had formed a police establishment under one State Government.

7. Saving .

Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to affect the provisions contained in the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 (25 of 1946).