Skip to content

Advocatetanmoy Law Library

Encyclopedia & Legal Research

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua & Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia & Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British V. Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Carrib. Netherlands Cayman Island Chile China Colombia Congo DRC Congo Republic Costa Rica Cote d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Curaçao Cyprus Czechia Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El alvador Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France French Polyn Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran ​Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Martinique Mauritius Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar/Burma Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Réunion Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Lucia St Vincent & Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Somalia South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka St. Kitts & Nevis Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan UAE U.S. Virgin Islands Uganda Ukraine UK United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia

  • Home
    • SITE UPDATES
  • Constitutions
  • Dictionary
  • Law Exam
  • Pleading
  • Index
  • Notifications
  • Indian Law
  • Articles
  • Home
  • 2017
  • November
  • 19
  • Identification of the accused
  • Criminal

Identification of the accused

3 min read

© Advocatetanmoy Law Library

  • Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)
  • More
  • Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)
image_printPrint

sc

Dock identification.

To add some material to the subject, I would like to refer to decisions of the Supreme Court in two relatively recent cases, they being Ravi Kapur v. State of Rajasthan, (2012) 9 SCC 284 and Prakash v. State of Karnataka, (2014) 12 SCC 133. In Prakash v. State of Karnataka (supra), the discourse on the said issue has been summarised thus :

“15. An identification parade is not mandatory [Ravi Kapur v. State of Rajasthan, (2012) 9 SCC 284 : (2012) 4 SCC (Civ) 660 : (2012) 3 SCC (Cri) 1107] nor can it be claimed by the suspect as a matter of right. [R. Shaji v. State of Kerala, (2013) 14 SCC 266 : (2014) 4 SCC (Cri) 185]. The purpose of pre-trial identification evidence is to assure the investigating agency that the investigation is going on in the right direction and to provide corroboration of the evidence to be given by the witness or victim later in court at the trial. [Rameshwar Singh v. State of J&K, (1971) 2 SCC 715 : 1971 SCC (Cri) 638]. If the suspect is a complete stranger to the witness or victim, then an identification parade is desirable [Mulla v. State of U.P., (2010) 3 SCC 508 : (2010) 2 SCC (Cri) 1150; Kishore Chand v. State of H.P., (1991) 1 SCC 286 : 1991 SCC (Cri) 172] unless the suspect has been seen by the witness or victim for some length of time. [State of U.P. v. Boota Singh, (1979) 1 SCC 31 : 1979 SCC (Cri) 115] In Malkhansingh v. State of M.P. [(2003) 5 SCC 746 : 2003 SCC (Cri) 1247] it was held: (SCC pp. 751-52, para 7) “7. … The identification parades belong to the stage of investigation, and there is no provision in the Code of Criminal Procedure which obliges the investigating agency to hold, or confers a right upon the accused to claim a test identification parade.They do not constitute substantive evidence and these parades are essentially governed by Section 162 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Failure to hold a test identification parade would not make inadmissible the evidence of identification in court. The weight to be attached to such identification should be a matter for the courts of fact.”
16. However, if the suspect is known to the witness or victim [Jadunath Singh v. State of U.P., (1970) 3 SCC 518 : 1971 SCC (Cri) 124] or they have been shown a photograph of the suspect or the suspect has been exposed to the public by the media [R. Shaji v. State of Kerala, (2013) 14 SCC 266 : (2014) 4 SCC (Cri) 185] no identification evidence is necessary. Even so, the failure of a victim or a witness to identify a suspect is not always fatal to the case of the prosecution. In Visveswaran v. State [(2003) 6 SCC 73 : 2003 SCC (Cri) 1270] it was held: (SCC p. 78, para 11) “11. … The identification of the accused either in a test identification parade or in court is not a sine qua non in every case if from the circumstances the guilt is otherwise established. Many a time, crimes are committed under the cover of darkness when none is able to identify the accused. The commission of a crime can be proved also by circumstantial evidence.”
(emphasis supplied)

CONCLUSION “23. Doubts would be called reasonable if they are free from a zest for abstract speculation. Law cannot afford any favourite other than truth. To constitute reasonable doubt, it must be free from an overemotional response. Doubts must be actual and substantial doubts as to the guilt of the accused persons arising from the evidence, or from the lack of it, as opposed to mere vague apprehensions. A reasonable doubt is not an imaginary, trivial or a merely possible doubt, but a fair doubt based upon reason and common sense. It must grow out of the evidence in the case.”
[State of U.P. v. Awdhesh, (2008) 16 SCC 238 : (2010) 4 SCC (Cri) 257]

image_printPrint

Related

Tags: EVIDENCE Identity Evidence

Continue Reading

Previous: Whether High Court can invoke its extraordinary jurisdiction under article 226 if article 227 is, otherwise, not attracted
Next: Compounding of non-compoundable offences by High Court

Updates

Interpretation NO.748  [ Same-Sex Marriage Case ]-Judicial Yunan-24/05/2017 taiwan 1

Interpretation NO.748  [ Same-Sex Marriage Case ]-Judicial Yunan-24/05/2017

Fake letters of St Paul to Seneca and fake letters of Seneca to St Paul (1863) 2

Fake letters of St Paul to Seneca and fake letters of Seneca to St Paul (1863)

পতিতার আত্মচরিত – কুমারী শ্রীমতী মানদা দেবী প্রণীত (Autobiography of a prostitute by Manada Devi-1929) Bangla meye 3

পতিতার আত্মচরিত – কুমারী শ্রীমতী মানদা দেবী প্রণীত (Autobiography of a prostitute by Manada Devi-1929)

U.S strategy towards sub-saharan Africa-08/08/2022 USA 4

U.S strategy towards sub-saharan Africa-08/08/2022

Epistle of Epicurus to Herodotus (260BCE) 5

Epistle of Epicurus to Herodotus (260BCE)

Will of Epicurus (270 BCE) 6

Will of Epicurus (270 BCE)

Epicurus and his 40 Doctrines (300 BCE) 7

Epicurus and his 40 Doctrines (300 BCE)

CONSTITUTION IPC CRPC CPC EVIDENCE DV POCSO IT IP TP JUVENILE CONTRACT SPECIFIC RELIEF CONSUMER ARBITRATION COMPANY LIMITATION FAMILY LAWS POLLUTION CONTROL BANKING INSURANCE

DOCUMENTS GLOSSARIES JUDGMENTS

  • E-Books 2022  More Documents

Search Google

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • HISTORY
  • PHILOSOPHY
  • RELIGION
  • HINDU LAW
  • HUMAN RIGHTS
  • ENVIRONMENT
  • MEDICAL
  • MUSLIM LAW
  • Contact Us
  • About
  • Disclaimers
  • RSS
  • Privacy Policy
  • Forum
© Advocatetanmoy by Law library.
 

Loading Comments...
 

You must be logged in to post a comment.