The West Bengal Criminal Law Amendment (Special Courts) Act, 1949

West Bengal Act 21 of 1949

23rd June, 1949

An Act to provide for the more speedy trial and more effective punishment of certain offences.

Whereas it is expedient in the public interest to provide for the speedy trial of the offences specified in the Schedule;

It is hereby enacted as follows:-

1. Short title – This Act may be called the West Bengal Criminal LawLaw Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Amendment (Special Courts) Act, 1949.

2. Special Courts – (1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute as many Special Courts as may be necessary for such area or areas, as may be specified in the notification.

(2) The State Government shall appoint, as a Judge to preside over a Special Court, any person who-

(a) is or has been, or is qualified under clause (2) of article 217 of the Constitution of IndiaIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more for appointment, as a Judge of a High Court, or

(b) has, for a period of not less than one year, been a Sessions Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge.

(3) Every Special Court shall have jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case. over the particular area for which it has been constituted and shall sit at such place or places as the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.

3. Special Judge. – Omitted by West Bengal Act 12 of 1952.

4. Offences to be tried by Special Courts – Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or in any other law in force, the offences specified in the Schedule shall be triable by Special Courts only:

Provided that when trying a case, a Special Court may also try any offence other than the offence specified in the Schedule, with which the accused may, under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, be charged at the same trial:

Provided further that every offence specified in the Schedule shall be tried by the Special Court constituted for the particular area within which the offence was committed, and where there are more than one Special Court constituted for any particular area, by such one of them as may be specified by the State Government by notification in the Official Gazette.

5. Procedure and powers of Special Courts – (1) A Special Court may take cognizance of offences in the manner laid down in clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (1) of section 190 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, without the accused being committed to his Court for trial, and in trying the accused persons, shall follow the procedure prescribed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, for the trial by Magistrates of warrant cases-

(a) instituted on a police report;

(b) instituted otherwise than on a police report:

Provided that a Special Court shall not be bound to adjourn trial for any purpose unless such adjournment is, in its opinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion., necessary in the interests of justice.

(1A) For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby declared that any appeal, application, complaint, trial, inquiry or investigationInvestigation Purpose of all investigation is to reveal the unvarnished truth. The constitutional courts are duty bound to ensure that the truth is revealed. in respect of any warrant case referred to in sub-section (1), pending at the date of commencement of the West Bengal Criminal Law Amendment (Special Courts) Amending Act, 1990, shall be continued, held, made, dealt with or disposed of, as the case may be, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1) as amended by the said Act.

(2) A Special Court may, with a view to obtaining the evidenceEvidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved. Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023 of any person supposed to have been directly or indirectly concerned in, or privy to, an offence, tender a pardon to such person on condition of his making a full and true disclosure of the whole circumstances within his knowledge relating to the offence and to every other person concerned, whether as principal or abettor, in the commission thereof; and any pardon so tendered shall, for the purposes of section 308 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, be deemed to have been tendered under section 307 of that Code.

(3) Save as provided in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, shall, in so far as they are not inconsistent with this Act, apply to the proceedings of a Special Court, and for the purposes of the said provisions, a Special Court shall be deemed to be a Court of Session trying cases without a Jury, and a person conducting a prosecution before a Special Court shall be deemed to be a Public Prosecutor.

(4) A Special Court may pass any sentence authorised by law.

7. Bar to certain jurisdiction. – Omitted by West Bengal Act 25 of 1982.

8. Special rules of evidence. – Omitted by West Bengal Act 12 of 1952.

9. Provision where services of Judge presiding over Special Court ceases to be available. – (1) If for any reason the services of the person appointed as a Judge to preside over a Special Court ceases to be available, the State Government shall as often as may be necessary, appoint another person having the qualifications referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 2, as a Judge to preside over such Special Court.

(2) A person appointed under sub-section (1) as a Judge to preside over a Special Court may act on the evidence recorded by his predecessor or predecessors or partly recorded by his predecessor or predecessors and partly recorded by himself:

Provided that if the person appointed under sub-section (1) as a Judge to preside over a Special Court is of opinion that further examination of any of the witnesses whose evidence has already been recorded is necessary in the interests of justice, he may re-summon any such witness and after such further examination, cross-examination and re-examination, if any, as he may permit, the witness shall be discharged.

10. Application of Act 2 of 1947 to trials under this Act. – The provisions of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, shall apply to trials under this Act.

11. Indemnity. – No suit, prosecution or legal proceedings whatever shall lie against any person in respect of anything which is, in good faithFaith  πίστει., done or intended to be done under this Act.

12. Pending proceedings in other courts not to be affected. – Nothing in this Act shall apply to any proceedings pending on the date of the commencement of the West Bengal Criminal Law Amendment (Special Courts) Amending Ordinance, 1952, in any court other than a Special Court.

13. Certain sections of Act 46 of 1952, not to apply to West Bengal Sections 6, 7, 8, 8A, 9 and 10 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1952, shall not apply and shall be deemed never to have applied to West Bengal.

The Schedule

([See section 4.])

Offences triable by Special Judges.

1. An offence punishable under section 161, section 162, section 163 section 164, section 165 or section 165A of the Indian Penal Code.

2. An offence punishable under section 409 of the Indian Penal Code, if committed by a public servant or by a person dealing with property belonging to Government as an agentAgent An agent is a person employed to do any act for another or to represent another in dealings with third persons. The person for whom such act is done, or who is so represented, is called the principal. Indian Contract Act of Government or by a person dealing with property belonging to a Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 as an agent of such Government company in respect of property-with which he is entrusted, orover which he has dominionin his capacity of a public servant or in the way of his business as such agent.

3. An offence punishable under section 417 or section 420 of the Indian Penal Code, if committed by a public servant or by a person dealing with property belonging to Government as an agent of Government][or by a person dealing with property belonging to a Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 as an agent of such Government company], while purporting to act as such public servant or agent

7. An offence punishable under section 5 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947.

8. Any conspiracy to commit or any attempt to commit or any abetment of any of the offences specified in items  [1, 2, 3, and 7].