Uma Pandey & ANR. Vs. Munna Pandey & Ors.[ALL SC 2018 APRIL]

KEYWORDS:-partition and separate possession-SUBSTANTIAL QUESTION OF LAW-EXHIBIT-

DATE:-April 09, 2018

It is a settled principle of law that interpretation of any document including its contents or its admissibility in evidenceEvidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved. Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023 or its effect on the rights of the parties to the Lis constitutes a substantial question(s) of law within the meaning of Section 100 of the Code.

• Document recognizing a factum of partition already effected between the parties in relation to the suit land
• Since Ex-A was exhibited in evidence without any objection, whether any objection about its admissibility or legality can now be raised by the appellants in second appeal and, if so, its effect?

ACTS:-

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Uma Pandey & ANR. Vs. Munna Pandey & Ors.

[Civil Appeal No. 3657 of 2018 arising out of S.L.P.(c) No. 32229 of 2014]

Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. This appeal is filed by the plaintiffs against the final judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2).  Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022) and order dated 16.07.2014 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Patna in Second Appeal No.255 of 2008 whereby the High Court dismissed the second appeal filed by the appellants 2 herein in limine and affirmed the judgment/decree dated 14.07.2008 passed by the 1st Additional District & Sessions Judge, Gopalganj in Title Appeal No. 77/2005/06 of 2007 which arose out of the judgment dated 12.07.2005 and decree dated 23.07.2005 passed by the Sub-Judge-V, Gopalganj in Title Suit No. 21 of 1993.

3. The issue involved in the appeal lies in a narrow compass so also the facts involved in the appeal are short. They are stated hereinbelow to appreciate the issue.

4. The appellants are the plaintiffs whereas the respondents are the defendants in a civil suit out of which this appeal arises.

5. The appellants and the respondents are members of one family and are related to one another.

6. The appellants filed a civil suit being Title Suit No.21/1993 against the respondents in the Court of Sub-Judge V, Gopalganj claiming partition and separate possession of agriculture lands as detailed in the schedule appended to the plaint.

7. According to the appellants, the lands were ancestral in the hands of the parties to the suit and being members of family, they were entitled to claimA Claim A claim is “factually unsustainable” where it could be said with confidence before trial that the factual basis for the claim is entirely without substance, which can be the case if it were clear beyond question that the facts pleaded are contradicted by all the documents or other material on which it is based. their share in the suit lands qua the respondents (defendants). It was, inter alia, on this assertion the appellants filed a suit for partition and separate possession of the suit land of their separate shares against the respondents (defendants).

8. The respondents contested the suit and denied the appellants’ claim in the written statement on several grounds on facts and in law. Parties went to trial. The issues were framed. Documents were filed and oral evidence was adduced.

9. The Trial Court decreed the appellants’ suit. The respondents (defendants) felt aggrieved and filed first appeal. The First Appellate Court allowed the defendants’ appeal and dismissed the appellants’ suit. The appellants felt aggrieved and filed second appeal before the High Court. By impugned Judgment, the High Court dismissed the appeal in limine. The High Court held that the second appeal filed by the appellants (plaintiffs) did not involve any substantial question(s) of law and hence it was liable to be dismissed in limine. It is against this judgment, the plaintiffs felt aggrieved and filed the present appeal by way of special leave in this Court.

10. Heard Mr. Manan Kumar Mishra, learned senior counsel for the appellants. Despite notice, no one appeared on behalf of respondents.

11. Having heard the learned counsel for the appellants and on perusal of the record of the case, we are constrained to allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of the High Court and remand the case to the High Court for deciding the second appeal filed by the plaintiffs (appellants herein) afresh on meritsMerits Strict legal rights of the parties; a decision “on the merits” is one that reaches the right(s) of a party as distinguished from a disposition of the case on a ground not reaching the rights raised in the action; for example, in a criminal case double jeopardy does not apply if charges are nolle prossed before trial commences, and in a civil action res judicata does not apply if a previous action was dismissed on a preliminary motion raising a technicality such as improper service of process. on the substantial questions of law framed by this Court hereinbelow.

12. In our considered opinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion., the High Court erred in dismissing the second appeal in limine on the ground that it did not involve any substantial question(s) of law.

13. In our view, the appeal did involve substantial question(s) of law within the meaning of Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Code’) and, therefore, it should have been admitted for final hearing on the substantial question(s) of law arising in the case.

14. It is not in dispute that the defendants (respondents) filed one document (EX-A)-(Annexure-P-1 of SLP). This document was relied on and appreciated by the two Courts below for deciding the rights of the parties. The Trial Court decreed the suit and the First Appellate Court reversed it on appreciating the evidence including EX-A.

15. It is a settled principle of law that interpretation of any document including its contents or its admissibility in evidence or its effect on the rights of the parties to the Lis constitutes a substantial question(s) of law within the meaning of Section 100 of the Code.

16. Whenever such question arises in the second appeal at the instance of the appellant, it deserves admission on framing appropriate substantial question(s) on such questions to enable the High Court to decide the appeal on merits bi-party.

17. In this case, it was all the more reason for the High Court to have admitted the appellants’ second appeal because the Trial Court and the First Appellate Court had taken into consideration the document – Ex-A for deciding the Lis involved in the case.

18. In the light of the foregoing discussion, we cannot concur with the reasoning and the conclusion arrived at by the High Court as, in our view, it wrongly dismissed appellants’ second appeal in limine.

19. In other words, what the High Court ought to have done at the timeTime Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) of hearing the second appeal on the question of admission by framing substantial question(s) of law arising in the case, the said  exercise now we have to do it while disposing of this appeal.

20. In our view, the following substantial questions of law arise in the second appeal within the meaning of Section 100 of the Code for its decision:

1. Whether findings recorded by the first Appellate court on Ex-A for allowing the defendants’ first appeal and, in consequence, reversing the judgment/decree of the trial court is legally and factually sustainable?

2. What is the true nature of Ex-A? Can it be termed as “partition deed” or a document recognizing a factum of partition already effected between the parties in relation to the suit land?

3. Whether Ex-A binds the plaintiff’s and, if so, how and to what extent?

4. Whether Ex-A requires registration and, if so, its effect?

5. Since Ex-A was exhibited in evidence without any objection, whether any objection about its admissibility or legality can now be raised by the appellants in second appeal and, if so, its effect?

21. In view of the foregoing discussion, the appeal succeeds and is allowed. Impugned judgment is set aside. The appeal is remanded to the High Court for its decision on merits on the substantial questions of law framed by us.

22. We, however, make it clear that we have not gone into the merits of the case. The High Court will accordingly decide the appeal on merits strictly in accordance with law uninfluenced by any of our observations.

23. Since the appeal is quite old, we request the High Court to decide the same preferably within six months.

J. [R.K. AGRAWAL]

J. [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]

New Delhi;

April 09, 2018