Procedure of assessment laid down u/s 11 of the Punjab General Sales Tax Act, 1948

In The Indian Aluminium Cables Ltd. and Another Vs. The Excise and Taxation Officer and Another, , a three-Judge Bench of this Court was considering the procedure of assessment laid down u/s 11 of the Punjab Act. This Court observed :

On a correct interpretation of the provision aforesaid, what emerges is as follows:

(i) That the assessing authority shall hear the evidenceEvidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved. Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023 produced by the dealer on the day specified in the notice issued under Sub-section (2).

(ii) It can adjourn the hearing to some other day and hear the evidence produced by the dealer on the adjourned day or days.

(iii) The assessing authority may require the dealer to produce further evidence on specified points on the adjourned day or days.

(iv) The assessing authority should assess the amount of tax due from the dealer, that is to say, pass the order of assessment, on the day on which the hearing of the evidence is completed as soon afterwards as may be.

There can be no opposition to the position as summarised with reference to Section 11(2) and (3) of the Punjab Act corresponding to Section 28(2) and (3) of the Haryana Act

The Court proceeded to state:

Sub-section (4) of section 11 is attracted in a case where a dealer having furnished a return in respect of a period fails to comply with the terms of a notice issued under Sub-section (2). In such a case, the assessing authority has to take some effective step, such as issuance of a notice to the assessee intimating to him that he is proceeding to assess to the best of his judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2). Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022) the amount of tax due from the dealer. On failure of a dealer to furnish a return in respect of any period by the prescribed date the assessing authority after giving the dealer a reasonable opportunity of being heard can proceed to assess to the best of his judgment the amount of tax, if any’ due from the dealer. In such a case, also an effective step such as issuance of a notice to the dealer concerned showing that the assessing authority is proceeding to assess has got to be taken within five years of the expiry of the period concerned. Sub-section (6) is attracted in the case of a dealer who being liable to pay tax under the Act has failed to apply for registration. Similar steps as the ones to be taken under subsection (5) are to be taken under Sub-section (6) within a period of five years after the expiry of the concerned period. But the Legislature advisedly did not fix any period of limitation for taking up of the steps or the passing of the assessment order under any of the Sub-sections (1), (2) or (3). The reason is obvious. Best judgment assessment in the circumstances mentioned in any of the Sub-sections. (4), (5) or (6) could not be allowed to be made after the expiry of a certain reasonable timeTime Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) which the Legislature thought was three years previously but made it five years by Punjab Act 28 of 1965. But where a registered dealer has filed the return, the assessing authority can pass the assessment order under Sub-section (1) and accept the return filed by the dealer as correct and complete. In such a case the formality of passing an order of assessment is to be completed without any further demand of tax from the dealer. For the issuance of a notice under Sub-section (2) no time limit has been fixed but the assessing authority must remain on its guard of taking the steps and completing the assessment as soon as it may be possible to do so. Otherwise, the risk involved may just be pointed out. Take a case where a notice under Sub-section (2) is issued after the expiry or just on the verge of expiry of the period of five years and the dealer fails to comply with the terms of the notice. In such a case/the assessing authority may have to proceed to make the best judgment assessment under Sub-section (4) attracting the bar of limitation of five years. But, of course, there may be a case where in spite of the failure of the dealer to comply with the terms of the notice a suit under Sub-section (2) the assessing authority may be in a position to complete the assessment under subsection (3) treating the alleged failure of the dealer as not a real failure on his part.

Section 11(4) of the Punjab Act which has been considered in this case no where requires a notice to be given to the dealer by the assessing authority of the fact that he was going to assess to the best of his judgment. Where it is not possible for the assessing authority to complete the assessment on the basis of the return and a notice under Sub-section (2) has been issued, the assessee appears before the assessing authority and responds to the notice. Once the assessee is before the authority and the documents and evidence produced by the assessee are examined, the assessee would certainly know which way the assessment proceeding is heading. It is quite possible that in course of examination of the papers produced by the assessee in answer to the notice, the assessing authority would indicate his dissatisfaction with the compliance. It may be that in a given case the original notice u/s 11(2) or a subsequent order requiring production or some more material on specific points is not complied with. Non-compliance with the notice u/s 11(2) of the Act leads to a situation where a best judgment assessment can be complied. It is true that Supreme Court in Indian Aluminium case (supra) has indicated that a further notice has to be given. The question that fell for determination before the Court did not require examination as to whether such a notice was necessary. In view of the position as has emerged in the matter before us, we also do not think it necessary to finally indicate as to whether such a notice has to be issued and failure to issue such a notice would prevent the assessing officer from making a best judgment assessment. Though we are of the opinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion. that such a notice is not a statutory prescription, we do not intend to say anything more about it as judicial propriety would require a larger bench of the Court to examine the correctness of the view in the Indian Aluminium case. ON an appropriate occasion, we hope the question as to, whether such a notice is a condition precedent to completion of assessment would be examined.

In Indian Aluminium case (supra) this Court has approved the earlier decision in S.B. Gurbaksh Singh Vs. Union of IndiaIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more (UOI) and Others, ,. The ratio in Gurbax Singh’s case is that in the absence of a period provided by statute for completion of assessment, an order of assessment made with some delay would not be without jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case.. Even in Indian Aluminium case (supra), where the statute requires assessment to be completed within a reasonable time, the Court indicated that the argument of the learned counsel that the assessment had to be completed within a reasonable time in order to be sustainable’ was not acceptable as a sound one.

1988) 2 JT 320 : (1988) 1 SCALE 842 : (1988) 3 SCC 478 : (1988) SCC(Tax) 409 : (1988) 3 SCR 895 : (1988) 70 STC 122 : (1988) 2 UJ(SC) 204

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

FULL BENCH

( Before : R. S. Pathak, C.J; Ranganath Misra, J; M. M. Dutt, J )

BHARAT STEEL TUBES LTD. AND ANOTHER — Appellant

Vs.

STATE OF HARYANA AND ANOTHER — Respondent

Writ Petition No’s. 3589-3594 and 12587 of 1983

Decided on : 04-05-1988

Haryana General Sales Tax Act, 1973 – Section 28(2)(3)
Punjab General Sales Tax Act, 1948 – Section 11(2)(3)

Cases Referred

Ghanshyam Das Vs. Regional Assistant Commissioner of Sales Tax, Nagpur, AIR 1964 SC 766 : (1964) 51 ITR 557 : (1964) 4 SCR 436 : (1963) 14 STC 976
Madan Lal Arora Vs. Excise and Taxation Officer, Amritsar, AIR 1961 SC 1565 : (1962) 1 SCR 823 : (1961) 12 STC 387
S.B. Gurbaksh Singh Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Others, AIR 1976 SC 1115 : (1976) 2 SCC 181 : (1976) 3 SCR 247 : (1976) 37 STC 425
The Indian Aluminium Cables Ltd. and Another Vs. The Excise and Taxation Officer and Another, AIR 1977 SC 540 : (1977) 1 SCC 120 : (1977) 1 SCR 716 : (1977) 39 STC 19
Jagat Ram Om Parkash Vs. Excise and Taxation Officer, Assessing Authority, (1965) 16 STC 107

JUDGMENT

Ranganath Misra, J.—These are applications under Article 32 of the Constitution and challenge in these proceedings is to the validity of notice issued by the Excise and Taxation Officer-cum-Assessing Authority, Respondent No.2, under the Haryana General Sales Tax Act, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Haryana Act’). Such notice is said to have been issued on 13th of December, 1980. The relevant periods are 1968-69 to 1974-75 and each of the writ petitions relates to one\pf these years. As common questions of fact and law arise in these petitions and a common set of arguments has been advanced at the Bar, we proceed to dispose of all these writ petitions by a common judgment.

2. The petitioner No. 1, a Public Limited Company, has its factory at Ganaur within the District of Sonepat in Haryana State and petitioner No. 2 is its General Manager (Legal) and duly constituted Attorney. Petitioner No. 1 a manufacturer of electric resistance, welded steel and tubes and pipes, is a dealer registered under the Haryana Act as also under the Central Sales Tax Act. It filed returns for all the quarters covered within the period indicated above as prescribed by the Punjab General Sales Tax Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Punjab Act’) till 31.3.1973 and under the Haryana Act for the quarters of the remained years in question as the Haryana Act came into force with effect from 5th May, 1973. On the receipt of notice relating to assessment years 1968-69, 1969-70, 1970-71, 1971-72, 1972-73 and 1973-74 in the prescribed for ST-XIV u/s 14(2) of the Punjab General Sales Tax Act and in the prescribed form ST-25 u/s 28(2) of the Act relating to year 1974-75, the petitioner-company appeared before the respondent No.2 and complied with the requirements of such notice by production of documents, books and other papers. While the matter was thus proceeding, the second respondent again issued a notice on 24.9.1982 requiring the petitioner-company to produce certain further records and documents. The petitioner has challenged that notice as also the vires of Section 28A of the Haryana Act.

3. Section 11 of the Punjab Act lays down the procedure of assessment which broadly corresponds to Section 28 of the Haryana Act. Though a major part of the period involved in these proceedings would be covered by the Punjab Act, it would be sufficient to refer for convenience to the corresponding provisions of the Haryana Act. Section 25 of the Haryana Act obliges every registered dealer to furnish its return in the manner prescribed and the relevant rules require returns to be submitted on quarterly basis. Sub-section (1) of Section 28 entitles the assessing authority to accept the returns and assess the amount of tax due from the dealer on the basis of such returns when he is satisfied without requiring the presence of the dealer or the production by him of any evidence that the returns furnished are correct and complete. Sub-section (2) requires the assessing authority, where he is not satisfied without requiring the presence of the dealer or production of evidence in support of the return to serve on such dealer a notice in the prescribed manner requiring him to attend in person or to produce or cause to be produced such evidence as he may rely upon in support of the return. Under Sub-section (3), where the dealer responds to the notice under Sub-section (2), the assessing authority after hearing such evidence as the dealer may produce and such other evidence as the assessing authority may require on specified points, has to assess the tax. Sub-section (4) authorises the assessing authority in the event of default of compliance with the terms of notice issued under Sub-section (2) to proceed to assess, to the best of his judgment, the amount of tax due from the dealer. Sub-section (5) deals with the situation where returns are not furnished and provides a period of five years after the expiry of such period to which the returns, if filed, would be related as the outer limit for completing the assessment to the best of the assessing authority’s judgment. The five sub-sections of Section 25 thus deal with four different situations:

Sub-section (1) authorises the making of assessment on the basis of returns without anything more;

Sub-sections (2) and (3) deal with one particular situation, namely, when the assessing authority looks for evidence and supporting material, he calls upon the dealer to appear and produce his accounts and on the basis of such material he is to complete the assessment;

Sub-section (4) deals with the situation where there is failure of compliance with .the notice under Sub-section (2) and this provision enjoins upon the assessing authority to complete the assessment, according to the best of his judgment, within a period of five years;

Sub-section (5) deals with the situation where no return is filed.

4. For each of these years under consideration, that is, either u/s 11(2) of the Punjab Act or u/s 28(2) of the Haryana Act, notice has been issued by the assessing officer. The assessing officer in his affidavitAffidavit An ex parte statement in writing made under oath before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths, about facts which the affiant either knows of his own personal knowledge or is aware of to the best of his knowledge. has made it clear that assessments for these years were intended to be completed following the procedure in Sub-sections (2) and (3) of either of the sections in the two Acts. It has, therefore, been contended, relying on judgments of this Court that there is no prescribed limitation for completing such assessments. In course of argument, learned counsel for the State has further indicated that action u/s 28A of the Haryana Act was not intended to be taken. In that view of the matter, it is indeed unnecessary to refer to the provisions of Section 28A of the Haryana Act and deal with several contentions advanced at the Bar with reference to that provision. Equally unnecessary would be to find out the exact meaning of “proceed to assess to the best of his judgment” appearing in Sub-section (4) of Section 28 of the Haryana Act.

5. In Ghanshyam Das Vs. Regional Assistant Commissioner of Sales Tax, Nagpur, , a five-Judge bench of this Court was actually dealing with .a case of assessment of escaped turn-over and for that purpose had to find out whether there was any escapement of tax if proceedings in respect of the first assessment itself was still pending and no final order of assessment had been made. Dealing with this aspect, this Court held:

It is manifest that in the case of a registered dealer, the proceedings before the Commissioner start factually when a return is made or when a notice is issued to him either u/s 10(3) or u/s 11(2) of the Act. The acceptance of the contention that statutory obligation to file a return initiates the proceeding is to invoke a fiction not sanctioned by the Act. The obligation can be enforced by taking a suitable action under the Act. Taking of such an action may have the effect of initiating proceedings against the defaulter. The default may be the occasion for initiating the proceedings but the default itself proprio vigore cannot initiate proceedings. Proceedings in respect of the assessment of the turnover (SIC)Period cannot, therefore, be said to be pending before the Commissioner…. For the foregoing reasons, we hold that a statutory obligation to make a return within a prescribed time does not proprio vigore initiate the assessment proceedings before the Commissioner; but the proceedings would commence after the return was submitted and would continue till a final order of assessment is made in regard to the said return.

6. On the basis of this authority, it would follow that notices under Sub-section (2) of either Section 11 or Section 28 of the relevant Acts, having already issued and final orders of assessment having not been made, assessment proceedings are still pending.

7. In Madan Lal Arora Vs. Excise and Taxation Officer, Amritsar, a five-Judge Bench was examining the question of limitation in respect of a best judgment assessment. At that time, Section 11 of the Punjab Act had a time limit of three years within which the best judgment assessment had to be completed. Now that period of limitation in Section 28(4) is of five years. In view of what we have already noted, consideration of the procedure for best judgment assessment is not relevant.

8. Nor are we concerned with the examination of the view taken by the full Bench of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Jagat Ram Om Parkash Vs. Excise and Taxation Officer, Assessing Authority, . Therein, the examination was with reference to the provisions in Section 11(4) of the East Punjab General Sales Tax Act, 1948 and the question of the time limit for completion of a best judgment assessment was in issue. The Court pointed out that as to &t what point of time the assessing officer did actually proceed to so assess would have to be determined on the facts and circumstances of each case and it is not possible to lay down any definite and clear-cut test applicable to all cases. It was, however, pointed out that there must be some definite act or step taken from which it can be clearly perceptible that from that point of time the assessing officer has , to assess to the best of his judgment and the commencement of this process must be within the period of three years, as provided in section 11(4) of that Act.

9. In The Indian Aluminium Cables Ltd. and Another Vs. The Excise and Taxation Officer and Another, , a three-Judge Bench of this Court was considering the procedure of assessment laid down u/s 11 of the Punjab Act. This Court observed :

On a correct interpretation of the provision aforesaid, what emerges is as follows:

(i) That the assessing authority shall hear the evidence produced by the dealer on the day specified in the notice issued under Sub-section (2).

(ii) It can adjourn the hearing to some other day and hear the evidence produced by the dealer on the adjourned day or days.

(iii) The assessing authority may require the dealer to produce further evidence on specified points on the adjourned day or days.

10. There can be no opposition to the position as summarised with reference to Section 11(2) and (3) of the Punjab Act corresponding to Section 28(2) and (3) of the Haryana Act

11. The Court proceeded to state:

12. Section 11(4) of the Punjab Act which has been considered in this case no where requires a notice to be given to the dealer by the assessing authority of the fact that he was going to assess to the best of his judgment. Where it is not possible for the assessing authority to complete the assessment on the basis of the return and a notice under Sub-section (2) has been issued, the assessee appears before the assessing authority and responds to the notice. Once the assessee is before the authority and the documents and evidence produced by the assessee are examined, the assessee would certainly know which way the assessment proceeding is heading. It is quite possible that in course of examination of the papers produced by the assessee in answer to the notice, the assessing authority would indicate his dissatisfaction with the compliance. It may be that in a given case the original notice u/s 11(2) or a subsequent order requiring production or some more material on specific points is not complied with. Non-compliance with the notice u/s 11(2) of the Act leads to a situation where a best judgment assessment can be complied. It is true that this Court in Indian Aluminium case (supra) has indicated that a further notice has to be given. The question that fell for determination before the Court did not require examination as to whether such a notice was necessary. In view of the position as has emerged in the matter before us, we also do not think it necessary to finally indicate as to whether such a notice has to be issued and failure to issue such a notice would prevent the assessing officer from making a best judgment assessment. Though we are of the opinion that such a notice is not a statutory prescription, we do not intend to say anything more about it as judicial propriety would require a larger bench of the Court to examine the correctness of the view in the Indian Aluminium case. ON an appropriate occasion, we hope the question as to, whether such a notice is a condition precedent to completion of assessment would be examined.

13. In Indian Aluminium case (supra) this Court has approved the earlier decision in S.B. Gurbaksh Singh Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Others, ,. The ratio in Gurbax Singh’s case is that in the absence of a period provided by statute for completion of assessment, an order of assessment made with some delay would not be without jurisdiction. Even in Indian Aluminium case (supra), where the statute requires assessment to be completed within a reasonable time, the Court indicated that the argument of the learned counsel that the assessment had to be completed within a reasonable time in order to be sustainable’ was not acceptable as a sound one.

14. The short question that really falls for examination in this case is whether an order of assessment under Sub-section (3) of Section 11 of the Punjab Act or Section 28(3) of the Haryana Act can now be completed or would that be barred by limitation. Undoubtedly, the assessment proceedings have been very delayed. As the material placed before us shows, the assessee had gone before different courts from time to time to ask for injunction against the completion of assessment but that trial appears to have started in December, 1980 where a suit was filed and injunction was obtained. Though notices were issued under Sections 11(2) of the Punjab Act or 28(2) of the Haryana Act within a reasonable period from the filing of returns for the respective quarters in the assessment years under consideration, further action has not been taken by the assessing officer to complete the assessments. But as we have said above, in the absence of any prescribed period of limitation, the assessment has to be completed within a reasonable period. What such reasonable period would be, would depend upon facts of each case. One view can be that it should be a period not exceeding five years as the Legislature has fixed the limitation of five years for completing assessments in case of escaped turn-over. Unless then bean assessment made soon after the period to which such assessment relates, the question of consideration of escapement would indeed become difficult to consider and examine. We are, however, not inclined to extend into a situation like the one before us, a period of limitation for completion of assessments under Sections 11(3) or 28(3) of the respective Acts. The assessee has made returns for all the quarters and must have paid its admitted tax. Now that the assessing authority intends to complete assessments u/s 11(3) of the Act, we see no prejudice to the assessee if the assessing authority is permitted to complete the assessments now. On the other hand, if no assessment is made an anomalous situation might arise and even though the assessee has collected the sales tax on its sales turn-over, it might raise a claimA Claim A claim is “factually unsustainable” where it could be said with confidence before trial that the factual basis for the claim is entirely without substance, which can be the case if it were clear beyond question that the facts pleaded are contradicted by all the documents or other material on which it is based. for refund of it in the absence of an assessment. We do not propose to create such a situation. It would suffice to say that in the situation which has arisen in the matter before us, it would be appropriate to call upon the assessing authority to complete all these pending assessments within a total period of four months from today on the basis of available material in the record before him and such other material as the authority may obtain. We, however, make it clear that such assessment has to be only u/s 11(3) of the Act.

15. Before we part with the case, we would like to indicate that assessment of tax should be completed with expedition. It involves the revenue to the State. In the case of a registered dealer who collects sales-tax on behalf of the State, there is no justification for him to withhold the payment of the tax so collected. If a timely assessment is completed, the dues of the State can be conveniently ascertained and collected. Delay in completion of assessment often creates problems. The assessee would be required to keep up all the evidence in support of his transactions. Where evidence is necessary, with the lapse of time, there is scope for its being lost. Oral evidence as and when required to be produced by the assessing authority may not be available if a long period intervenes between the transactions and the consideration of the matter by the assessing authority. Long delay thus is not in the interest of either the assessee or the State. In view of the fact that a period of limitation has been prescribed for bringing the escaped turn-over into the net of taxation, such an eventuality cannot be grappled with appropriately unless timely assessment is completed. In several taxing statutes, even in a situation like this, where assessment under Sections 11(3) or 28(3) of the respective Acts is contemplated, a period of limitation is provided. Until by statute, such a limitation is provided, it is proper for the State Governments to require, by statutory rules or appropriate instructions, to ensure completion of assessments with expedition and reasonable haste but subject to rules of natural justice.

16. We would like to clarify the position that we have not dealt with the vires of Section 26A of the Haryana Act nor have we found any necessity to deal with the requirement of notice before the assessing authority process to complete the assessment according to the best of his judgment. These questions are left open.

17. Each of the writ petitions is, therefore, dismissed. Parties are directed tq bear the respective costsCosts Subject to any written law, costs are at the discretion of the Court, and the Court has the power to determine all issues relating to the costs of or incidental to all proceedings, including by whom and to what extent the costs are to be paid, at any stage of the proceedings or after the conclusion of the proceedings. Generally “Costs” includes charges, disbursements, expenses, fees, and remuneration. Costs in any matter are payable from the date of the order of the Court unless the parties otherwise agree. The costs of a third-party funding contract are not recoverable as part of the costs of, or costs..