Masroor Ahmad Khan Vs. State of Uttarakhand & Ors- 03/12/2018

It is a settled principle of law that in order to prove that the possession of any person in any immovable property is legal, it is necessary for such person to prove prima facie that he is either the owner of such property or is in possession as a lawful tenant or is in its permissive possession with the express consent of its true owner. Such is not the case here.

DATE: December 03, 2018

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Masroor Ahmad Khan Vs. State of Uttarakhand & Ors.

[Civil Appeal Nos.11761-11762 of 2018 arising out of S.L.P. (C) Nos. 25218-25219 of 2018]

Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. These appeals are filed against the final judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2).  Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022) and order dated 28.08.2018 in Special Appeal No.25 of 2015 and order dated 07.09.2018 in Review Application MCC No.1193 of 2018 in Special Appeal No.25 of 2015 passed by the High  Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital whereby the High Court dismissed the special appeal and the Review Application filed by the appellant herein.

3. In order to appreciate the short controversy involved in these appeals, few facts need to be mentioned here-in-below.

4. Respondent Nos.3 and 4 are the Nagar Palika Parishad, Nainital (hereinafter referred to as “the Nagar Palika”). In 1990, the Nagar Palika issued an advertisement to auction their residential quarter Nos.6 and 7 situated at Waverly Compound (Gopala Sadan) Mallital, Naintal. So far as this case is concerned, it relates to quarter No. 6.

5. The appellant herein claimed to be one of the participants in the auction proceedings and also the highest bidder. The appellant claimed that he occupied quarter No.6 and started living therein since June 1990. The appellant complained that in  the year 2001 (18.07.2001), the Nagar Palika instead of executing the sale deed in his favour in relation to quarter No.6, passed a resolution to sell quarter No.6 along with other quarters in public auction.

6. The appellant, therefore, filed an application under Section 35 of the Municipalities Act praying therein for a direction to the Nagar Palika for execution of the sale deed in his favour in relation to quarter No.6.

7. By order dated 21.07.2006, the Commissioner, Nainital passed an order directing Nagar Palika to execute the sale deed in favour of the appellant. He also fixed the rate at which the sale deed was to be executed followed by another order to that effect.

8. The Nagar Palika felt aggrieved and filed application/appeal to the State (respondent No.1). By order dated 12.03.2007, the State set aside the order of the Commissioner dated 21.07.2006 which gave rise to filing of the writ petition by the appellant in the High Court at Nainital. By impugned order, the High Court dismissed the writ petition and also the review application filed by the appellant herein, giving rise to filing of the present appeals by way of special leave in this Court.

9. The short question, which arises for consideration, in this case is whether the High Court was justified in dismissing the special appeal filed by the appellant.

10. Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and on perusal of the record of the case, we find no merit in these appeals.

11. In our opinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion., the possession of the appellant since inception, i.e., since June 1990 in quarter No.6 was unauthorized and was that of a trespasser. This we say for more than one reason.

12. First, there was no allotment letter issued by Nagar Palika in relation to quarter No.6 to the appellant in the socalled auction proceedings held in 1990; Second, the appellant also failed to file any such allotment letter nor could file any acceptance letter of Nagar Palika indicating acceptance of his socalled highest bid; Third, the appellant also failed to show as to how much amount he actually paid to the Nagar Palika towards the sale/auction price for quarter No. 6 and, if so, when; Fourth, there was no privity of contractContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act. between the appellant and the Nagar Palika which could justify appellant’s entry in quarter No. 6 as being legal and lastly, in the absence of any document of title or/and legal document executed by the Nagar Palika in appellant’s favour in relation to quarter No.6 before the appellant entering in quarter No.6 in June 5 1990, the appellant’s possession cannot be held legal.

13. It is a settled principle of law that in order to prove that the possession of any person in any immovable property is legal, it is necessary for such person to prove prima facie that he is either the owner of such property or is in possession as a lawful tenant or is in its permissive possession with the express consent of its true owner. Such is not the case here.

14. The appellant has not taken any such plea and even if he claims to have taken, then also, in our view, he has failed to prove such plea for want of any evidenceEvidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved. Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023 .

15. We have also perused the documents filed by the appellant in that behalf. Having perused, we are of the view that these documents are of no help to him to prove his ownership or/and possession in 6 quarter No.6. These documents are not the documents of title, nor do they prove appellants legal possession over quarter No.6 and nor do these documents in any way bind the Nagar Palika.

16. It is for all these reasons, we are of the opinion that the appellant was in possession of quarter No.6 as a trespasser since June 1990 and, therefore, he was liable to be evicted from the said quarter by the Nagar Palika. Not only that the appellant has also rendered himself liable to pay damages for wrongful use and occupation of quarter No.6 since June 1990(see page E) to the Nagar Palika till he vacates the quarter No.6.

17. In order to decide the quantum of damages, we do not consider proper to remand the case to the competent authority under The Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971.

18. We, therefore, enquired from the lawyers representing the parties as to what is the approximate area of quarter No. 6 and what would be its monthly rent that it could fetch in the market during the period in question.

19. Having heard their views, we have formed an opinion that the appellant should be made liable to pay Rs.3000/per month to the Nagar Palika by way of damages for the use and occupation of quarter No. 6 from June 1990 till he handovers its vacant possession. The sum which we have fixed balances the rights and equities between the parties.

20. The appellant is granted three months’ timeTime Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) to vacate quarter No. 6 situated at Waverly Compound (Gopala Sadan) from the date of this order. The appellant is further directed to pay to the Nagar Palika (respondent No.3 herein) the damages for use and occupation of the quarter No.6 from June 1990 (the month when he occupied the quarter) till the date he vacates the quarter in terms of this order within three months.

21. The damages be calculated at the rate of Rs.3000/per month from June 1990 till the delivery of possession.

22. In case the appellant fails to vacate the quarter and fails to pay the damages, it would be construed as noncompliance of this Court’s order and in that eventuality the Nagar Palika would be at liberty to move to this Court against the appellant for appropriate order.

23. The appeal stands accordingly finally disposed of.

J. [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]

J. [INDU MALHOTRA]

New Delhi;

December 03, 2018