French Civil Code

French civil code[Full Text]

• Preliminary title: The publication, effects and application of laws in general ( Articles 1 to 6-1 )
• Book I: People
  • Title I: Civil rights ( Articles 7 to 15 )
    

     

    • Chapter II: Respect for the human body ( Articles 16 to 16-9 )
    • Chapter III: Examination of the genetic characteristics of a person and the identification of a person by his genetic fingerprints ( Articles 16-10 to 16-13 )
    • Chapter IV: Use of brain imaging techniques ( Article 16-14 )
  • Title I bis: French nationality
    • Chapter I: General provisions ( Articles 17 to 17-12 )
    • Chapter II: French nationality of origin
      • Section 1: French people by descent ( Articles 18 to 18-1 )
      • Section 2: French people by birth in France ( Articles 19 to 19-4 )
      • Section 3: Common provisions ( Articles 20 to 20-5 )
    • Chapter III: Acquisition of French nationality
      • Section 1: Methods of acquiring French nationality
        • Paragraph 1: Acquisition of French nationality by reason of descent ( Article 21 )
        • Paragraph 2: Acquisition of French nationality by reason of marriage ( Articles 21-1 to 21-6 )
        • Paragraph 3: Acquisition of French nationality by reason of birth and residence in France ( Articles 21-7 to 21-11 )
        • Paragraph 4: Acquisition of French nationality by declaration of nationality ( Articles 21-12 to 21-14 )
        • Paragraph 5: Acquisition of French nationality by decision of the public authority ( Articles 21-14-1 to 21-25-1 )
        • Paragraph 6: Provisions common to certain modes of acquisition of French nationality ( Articles 21-26 to 21-27-1 )
        • Paragraph 7: The welcoming ceremony for French citizenship ( Articles 21-28 to 21-29 )
      • Section 2: Effects of the acquisition of French nationality ( Articles 22 to 22-3 )
    • Chapter IV: Loss, forfeiture and reintegration into French nationality
      • Section 1: Loss of French nationality ( Articles 23 to 23-9 )
      • Section 2: Reintegration into French nationality ( Articles 24 to 24-3 )
      • Section 3: Forfeiture of French nationality ( Articles 25 to 25-1 )
    • Chapter V: Acts relating to the acquisition or loss of French nationality
      • Section 1: Declarations of nationality ( Articles 26 to 26-5 )
      • Section 2: Administrative decisions ( Articles 27 to 27-3 )
      • Section 3: Mentions in the civil registers ( Articles 28 to 28-1 )
    • Chapter VI: Nationality disputes
      • Section 1: Jurisdiction of the courts and the procedure before these courts ( Articles 29 to 29-5 )
      • Section 2: Proof of nationality before the courts ( Articles 30 to 30-4 )
      • Section 3: Certificates of French nationality ( Articles 31 to 31-3 )
    • Chapter VII: Effects on French nationality of transfers of sovereignty relating to certain territories ( Articles 32 to 32-5 )
    • Chapter VIII: Special provisions for overseas communities governed by article 74 of the Constitution and in New Caledonia ( Articles 33 to 33-2 )
  • Title II: Acts of civil status
    • Chapter I: General provisions. ( Articles 34 to 54 )
    • Chapter II: Birth certificates.
      • Section 1: Birth declarations. ( Articles 55 to 59 )
      • Section 2: Changes to first and last names. ( Articles 60 to 61-4 )
      • Section 3: The act of recognition. ( Articles 62 to 62-1 )
    • Chapter III: Marriage certificates. ( Articles 63 to 76 )
    • Chapter IV: Death certificates. ( Articles 78 to 92 )
    • Chapter V: Acts of civil status concerning the military and sailors in certain special cases. ( Articles 93 to 97 )
    • Chapter VI: Civil status of people born abroad who acquire or recover French nationality. ( Articles 98 to 98-4 )
    • Chapter VII: Rectification of civil status documents. ( Articles 99 to 101 )
  • Title III: Domicile ( Articles 102 to 111 )
  • Title IV: Absentees
    • Chapter I: Presumption of absence ( Articles 112 to 121 )
    • Chapter II: Declaration of absence ( Articles 122 to 132 )
  • Title V: Marriage
    • Chapter I: Qualities and conditions required to be able to contract marriage ( Articles 143 to 164 )
    • Chapter II: Formalities relating to the celebration of marriage ( Articles 165 to 171 )
    • Chapter II bis: Marriage of French people abroad
      • Section 1: General provisions ( Article 171-1 )
      • Section 2: Formalities prior to marriage celebrated abroad by a foreign authority ( Articles 171-2 to 171-4 )
      • Section 3: Transcription of marriage celebrated abroad by a foreign authority ( Articles 171-5 to 171-8 )
      • Section 4: The impossibility for French people established outside of France to celebrate their marriage abroad ( Article 171-9 )
    • Chapter III: Oppositions to Marriage ( Articles 172 to 179 )
    • Chapter IV: Applications for a nullity of marriage ( Articles 180 to 202 )
    • Chapter IV bis: Rules of conflict of laws ( Articles 202-1 to 202-2 )
    • Chapter V: Obligations which arise from marriage ( Articles 203 to 211 )
    • Chapter VI: Duties and respective rights of the spouses ( Articles 212 to 226 )
    • Chapter VII: Dissolution of Marriage ( Article 227 )
  • Title VI: Divorce
    • Chapter I: Divorce Cases ( Article 229 )
      • Section 1: Divorce by mutual consent ( Articles 230 to 232 )
      • Section 2: Accepted Divorce ( Articles 233 to 234 )
      • Section 3: Divorce for definitive deterioration of the conjugal bond ( Articles 237 to 238 )
      • Section 4: Divorce for fault ( Articles 242 to 246 )
      • Section 5: Changes to the basis of a divorce petition ( Articles 247 to 247-2 )
    • Chapter II: Divorce proceedings
      • Section 1: General provisions ( Articles 248 to 249-4 )
      • Section 2: Procedure applicable to divorce by mutual consent ( Articles 250 to 250-3 )
      • Section 3: Procedure applicable to other divorce cases
        • Paragraph 1: Of the initial request. (On clause 251 )
        • Paragraph 2: Conciliation. ( Articles 252 to 253 )
        • Paragraph 3: Provisional measures. ( Articles 254 to 257 )
        • Paragraph 4: The introduction of the divorce proceeding. ( Articles 257-1 to 258 )
        • Paragraph 5: Evidence. ( Articles 259 to 259-3 )
    • Chapter III: Consequences of Divorce
      • Section 1: From the date on which the effects of the divorce occur ( Articles 260 to 262-2 )
      • Section 2: Consequences of Divorce for Spouses
        • Paragraph 1: General provisions. ( Articles 263 to 265-2 )
        • Paragraph 2: Consequences specific to divorces other than by mutual consent. ( Articles 266 to 268 )
        • Paragraph 3: Compensatory benefits. ( Articles 270 to 281 )
        • Paragraph 4: Housing. ( Article 285-1 )
      • Section 3: Consequences of Divorce for Children ( Article 286 )
    • Chapter IV: Separation from bed and board
      • Section 1: Cases and procedure of legal separation ( Articles 296 to 298 )
      • Section 2: Consequences of legal separation ( Articles 299 to 304 )
      • Section 3: The end of legal separation ( Articles 305 to 308 )
    • Chapter V: Conflict of laws relating to divorce and legal separation ( Article 309 )
  • Title VII: Filiation ( Article 310 )
    • Chapter I: General provisions ( Articles 310-1 to 310-2 )
      • Section 1: Evidence and presumptions ( Articles 310-3 to 311-2 )
      • Section 2: Conflict of laws relating to parentage ( Articles 311-14 to 311-17 )
      • Section 3: Medically assisted procreation ( Articles 311-19 to 311-20 )
      • Section 4: Rules for the devolution of the family name ( Articles 311-21 to 311-24 )
    • Chapter II: Establishment of parentage
      • Section 1: Establishment of parentage by operation of law
        • Paragraph 1: Designation of the mother in the birth certificate ( Article 311-25 )
        • Paragraph 2: Presumption of paternity ( Articles 312 to 315 )
      • Section 2: Establishment of parentage by recognition ( Article 316 )
      • Section 3: Establishment of parentage by possession of a state ( Article 317 )
    • Chapter III: Actions relating to parentage
      • Section 1: General provisions ( Articles 318 to 324 )
      • Section 2: Actions for the purpose of establishing parentage ( Articles 325 to 331 )
      • Section 3: Actions to challenge parentage ( Articles 332 to 337 )
    • Chapter IV: Action for the purposes of subsidies ( Articles 342 to 342-8 )
  • Title VIII: Adopted parentage
    • Chapter I: Plenary adoption
      • Section 1: Conditions required for full adoption ( Articles 343 to 350 )
      • Section 2: Placement for full adoption and full adoption judgment ( Articles 351 to 354 )
      • Section 3: Effects of full adoption ( Articles 355 to 359 )
    • Chapter II: Simple adoption
      • Section 1: Requirements and judgment ( Articles 360 to 362 )
      • Section 2: Effects of simple adoption ( Articles 363 to 370-2 )
    • Chapter III: Conflict of laws relating to adoptive parentage and the effect in France of adoptions pronounced abroad ( Articles 370-3 to 370-5 )
  • Title IX: Parental authority
    • Chapter I: Parental authority in relation to the person of the child ( Articles 371 to 371-5 )
      • Section 1: Exercise of parental authority
        • Paragraph 1: General principles. ( Articles 372 to 373-1 )
        • Paragraph 2: Exercise of parental authority by separated parents ( Articles 373-2 to 373-2-5 )
        • Paragraph 3: Intervention of the judge in family matters ( Articles 373-2-6 to 373-2-13 )
        • Paragraph 4: Intervention of third parties ( Articles 373-3 to 374-2 )
      • Section 2: Educational assistance ( Articles 375 to 375-9 )
      • Section 2-1: Judicial measure to aid in the management of the family budget ( Articles 375-9-1 to 375-9-2 )
      • Section 3: Delegation of parental authority ( Articles 376 to 377-3 )
      • Section 4: Total or partial withdrawal of parental authority ( Articles 378 to 381 )
    • Chapter II: Parental authority in relation to the child’s property ( Articles 382 to 387 )
  • Title X: Minority and emancipation
    • Chapter I: The minority ( Articles 388 to 388-3 )
      • Section 1: Legal administration ( Articles 389 to 389-8 )
      • Section 2: Guardianship
        • Sub-section 1: Cases of opening and end of guardianship ( Articles 390 to 393 )
        • Sub-section 2: Organization and operation of the guardianship
          • Paragraph 1: Guardianship charges ( Articles 394 to 397 )
          • Paragraph 2: The family council ( Articles 398 to 402 )
          • Paragraph 3: Of the tutor ( Articles 403 to 408-1 )
          • Paragraph 4: The substitute tutor ( Articles 409 to 410 )
          • Paragraph 5: Vacancy of the guardianship ( Article 411 )
          • Paragraph 6: Liability ( Articles 412 to 413 )
    • Chapter II: Emancipation ( Articles 413-1 to 413-8 )
  • Title XI: The majority and adults protected by law
    • Chapter I: General provisions ( Article 414 )
      • Section 1: Provisions independent of protective measures ( Articles 414-1 to 414-3 )
      • Section 2: Provisions common to protected adults ( Articles 415 to 424 )
    • Chapter II: Legal protection measures for adults
      • Section 1: General provisions ( Articles 425 to 427 )
      • Section 2: Provisions common to judicial measures ( Articles 428 to 432 )
      • Section 3: Safeguarding justice ( Articles 433 to 439 )
      • Section 4: Curatorship and Guardianship ( Article 440 )
        • Sub-section 1: Duration of the measure ( Articles 441 to 443 )
        • Sub-section 2: Publicity of the measure ( Article 444 )
        • Sub-section 3: Protection bodies ( Article 445 )
          • Paragraph 1: Of the curator and the tutor ( Articles 446 to 453 )
          • Paragraph 2: Of the substitute curator and the substitute tutor ( Article 454 )
          • Paragraph 3: The ad hoc curator and the ad hoc tutor ( Article 455 )
          • Paragraph 4: Of the family council of adults under guardianship ( Articles 456 to 457 )
        • Sub-section 4: Effects of curatorship and tutorship on the protection of the person ( Articles 457-1 to 463 )
        • Sub-section 5: Regularity of acts ( Articles 464 to 466 )
        • Sub-section 6: Acts done under guardianship ( Articles 467 to 472 )
        • Sub-section 7: Acts made under guardianship ( Articles 473 to 476 )
      • Section 5: The future protection mandate
        • Sub-section 1: Common provisions ( Articles 477 to 488 )
        • Sub-section 2: Notarial mandate ( Articles 489 to 491 )
        • Sub-section 3: Mandate under private signature ( Articles 492 to 494 )
    • Chapter III: The judicial accompaniment measure ( Articles 495 to 495-9 )
  • Title XII: Management of the heritage of minors and adults under guardianship
    • Chapter I: Management methods ( Articles 496 to 499 )
      • Section 1: Decisions of the family council or the judge ( Articles 500 to 502 )
      • Section 2: Acts of the tutor
        • Paragraph 1: Acts that the tutor performs without authorization ( Articles 503 to 504 )
        • Paragraph 2: Acts which the tutor performs with an authorization ( Articles 505 to 508 )
        • Paragraph 3: Acts which the tutor cannot perform ( Article 509 )
    • Chapter II: Establishment, verification and approval of accounts ( Articles 510 to 514 )
    • Chapter III: Prescription ( Article 515 )
  • Title XIII: Civil pact of solidarity and cohabitation
    • Chapter I: Civil Solidarity Pact ( Articles 515-1 to 515-7-1 )
    • Chapter II: Cohabitation ( Article 515-8 )
  • Title: XIV: Measures to protect victims of violence ( Articles 515-9 to 515-13 )

• Book II: Goods and various modifications of ownership
  • Title I: Distinction of property ( Article 516 )
    • Chapter I: Buildings ( Articles 517 to 526 )
    • Chapter II: Furniture ( Articles 527 to 536 )
    • Chapter III: Goods in their relations with those who own them ( Articles 537 to 543 )
  • Title II: Property ( Articles 544 to 546 )
    • Chapter I: Right of accession to what is produced by the thing ( Articles 547 to 550 )
    • Chapter II: Right of accession on that which unites and incorporates into the thing ( Article 551 )
      • Section 1: Right of accession in relation to immovable property ( Articles 552 to 564 )
      • Section 2: Right of accession in relation to movable property ( Articles 565 to 577 )
  • Title III: Usufruct, use and habitation
    • Chapter I: Usufruct ( Articles 578 to 581 )
      • Section 1: Rights of the usufructuary ( Articles 582 to 599 )
      • Section 2: Obligations of the usufructuary ( Articles 600 to 616 )
      • Section 3: How the usufruct ends ( Articles 617 to 624 )
    • Chapter II: Use and habitation ( Articles 625 to 636 )
  • Title IV: Easements or land services ( Articles 637 to 639 )
    • Chapter I: Easements which derive from the situation on the premises ( Articles 640 to 648 )
    • Chapter II: Easements established by law ( Articles 649 to 652 )
      • Section 1: The adjoining wall and ditch ( Articles 653 to 673 )
      • Section 2: Distance and intermediate works required for certain constructions ( Article 674 )
      • Section 3: Views on the property of its neighbor ( Articles 675 to 680 )
      • Section 4: Roof sewer ( Article 681 )
      • Section 5: Right of way ( Articles 682 to 685-1 )
    • Chapter III: Bondages Established by Man
      • Section 1: Various kinds of easements that can be established on property ( Articles 686 to 689 )
      • Section 2: How easements are established ( Articles 690 to 696 )
      • Section 3: Rights of the owner of the land to which the easement is due ( Articles 697 to 702 )
      • Section 4: How easements go out ( Articles 703 to 710 )
  • Title V: Land advertising
    • Single Chapter: Authentic form of documents ( Article 710-1 )

• Book III: Different ways of acquiring property
  • General provisions ( Articles 711 to 717 )
  • Title I: Successions
    • Chapter I: Opening of successions, universal title and referral ( Articles 720 to 724-1 )
    • Chapter II: Qualifications required to succeed – Proof of the quality of heir.
      • Section 1: Qualities required to succeed. ( Articles 725 to 729-1 )
      • Section 2: Proof of the quality of heir. ( Articles 730 to 730-5 )
    • Chapter III: Heirs. ( Articles 731 to 732 )
      • Section 1: Rights of parents in the absence of a successive spouse. (On clause 733 )
        • Paragraph 1: Orders of heirs. ( Articles 734 to 740 )
        • Paragraph 2: Degrees. ( Articles 741 to 745 )
        • Paragraph 3: Of the division by branches, paternal and maternal. ( Articles 746 to 750 )
        • Paragraph 4: Representation. ( Articles 751 to 755 )
      • Section 2: Rights of the successive spouse.
        • Paragraph 1: The nature of the rights, their amount and their exercise ( Articles 756 to 758-6 )
        • Paragraph 2: Conversion of the usufruct ( Articles 759 to 762 )
        • Paragraph 3: Right to temporary housing and the right to life in housing ( Articles 763 to 766 )
        • Paragraph 4: Right to pension ( Article 767 )
    • Chapter IV: The option of the heir
      • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 768 to 781 )
      • Section 2: Of the pure and simple acceptance of the succession. ( Articles 782 to 786 )
      • Section 3: Acceptance of the estate up to the net assets.
        • Paragraph 1: Modalities of the acceptance of the succession up to the net assets. ( Articles 787 to 790 )
        • Paragraph 2: Effects of the acceptance of the succession up to the net assets. ( Articles 791 to 803 )
      • Section 4: Renunciation of the succession. ( Articles 804 to 808 )
    • Chapter V: Vacant and Inherited Estates
      • Section 1: Vacant successions.
        • Paragraph 1: Opening of the vacancy. ( Articles 809 to 809-3 )
        • Paragraph 2: Powers of the curator. ( Articles 810 to 810-6 )
        • Paragraph 3: The rendering of accounts and the end of the curatorship. ( Articles 810-7 to 810-12 )
      • Section 2: Inherited estates. ( Articles 811 to 811-3 )
    • Chapter VI: Administration of the estate by an agent.
      • Section 1: Mandate with posthumous effect.
        • Paragraph 1: Conditions of the posthumous mandate. ( Articles 812 to 812-1-4 )
        • Paragraph 2: Remuneration of the agent. ( Articles 812-2 to 812-3 )
        • Paragraph 3: Of the end of the posthumous mandate. ( Articles 812-4 to 812-7 )
      • Section 2: The representative designated by convention. (On clause 813 )
      • Section 3: The appointed legal representative. ( Articles 813-1 to 814-1 )
    • Chapter VII: Legal regime of joint ownership. ( Articles 815 to 815-1 )
      • Section 1: Deeds relating to undivided property.
        • Paragraph 1: Acts carried out by the undivided co-owners. ( Articles 815-2 to 815-3 )
        • Paragraph 2: Acts authorized in court. ( Articles 815-4 to 815-7-1 )
      • Section 2: Rights and obligations of joint owners. ( Articles 815-8 to 815-16 )
      • Section 3: The right to pursue creditors. ( Article 815-17 )
      • Section 4: Indivision in usufruct. ( Article 815-18 )
    • Chapter VIII: Sharing.
      • Section 1: Sharing operations.
        • Sub-section 1: Common provisions.
          • Paragraph 1: Requests for sharing. ( Articles 816 to 824 )
          • Paragraph 2: Units and lots. ( Articles 825 to 830 )
          • Paragraph 3: Preferential attributions. ( Articles 831 to 834 )
        • Sub-section 2: Amicable sharing. ( Articles 835 to 839 )
        • Sub-section 3: Judicial sharing. ( Articles 840 to 842 )
      • Section 2: Of the report of the liberalities. ( Articles 843 to 863 )
      • Section 3: Payment of debts
        • Paragraph 1: Co-sharing debts ( Articles 864 to 867 )
        • Paragraph 2: Other debts ( Articles 870 to 882 )
      • Section 4: Effects of sharing and guaranteeing lots ( Articles 883 to 886 )
      • Section 5: Actions to void the sharing or in addition to the share
        • Paragraph 1: Actions in nullity of the division ( Articles 887 to 888 )
        • Paragraph 2: Action in addition to share ( Articles 889 to 892 )
  • Title II: Liberalities
    • Chapter I: General provisions. ( Articles 893 to 900-8 )
    • Chapter II: The capacity to dispose or receive by inter vivos gift or by will. ( Articles 901 to 911 )
    • Chapter III: Of the hereditary reserve, of the available quota and of the reduction.
      • Section 1: The hereditary reserve and the available quota ( Articles 912 to 917 )
      • Section 2: Reduction of excessive gifts
        • Paragraph 1: Operations preliminary to reduction ( Articles 918 to 920 )
        • Paragraph 2: The exercise of reduction ( Articles 921 to 928 )
        • Paragraph 3: Early renunciation of the reduction action ( Articles 929 to 930-5 )
    • Chapter IV: Donations inter vivos.
      • Section 1: The form of inter vivos donations. ( Articles 931 to 952 )
      • Section 2: Exceptions to the rule of irrevocability of inter vivos gifts. ( Articles 953 to 966 )
    • Chapter V: Testamentary dispositions.
      • Section 1: General rules on the form of wills. ( Articles 967 to 980 )
      • Section 2: Special rules on the form of certain wills. ( Articles 981 to 1001 )
      • Section 3: Institutions of heirs and legacies in general. ( Articles 1002 to 1002-1 )
      • Section 4: Universal legacy. ( Articles 1003 to 1009 )
      • Section 5: Legacy on a universal basis. ( Articles 1010 to 1013 )
      • Section 6: Special legacies. ( Articles 1014 to 1024 )
      • Section 7: Executors. ( Articles 1025 to 1034 )
      • Section 8: The revocation of wills and their lapse. ( Articles 1035 to 1047 )
    • Chapter VI: Gradual and residual liberalities.
      • Section 1: Gradual gifts. ( Articles 1048 to 1056 )
      • Section 2: Residual gifts. ( Articles 1057 to 1061 )
    • Chapter VII: Sharing liberalities.
      • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 1075 to 1075-5 )
      • Section 2: Sharing donations.
        • Paragraph 1: Sharing donations made to the presumptive heirs. ( Articles 1076 to 1078-3 )
        • Paragraph 2: Sharing donations made to descendants of different degrees. ( Articles 1078-4 to 1078-10 )
      • Section 3: Sharing wills. ( Articles 1079 to 1080 )
    • Chapter VIII: Donations made by marriage contract to spouses, and to children to be born of marriage. ( Articles 1081 to 1090 )
    • Chapter IX: Provisions between spouses, either by marriage contract or during the marriage. ( Articles 1091 to 1099-1 )
  • Title III: Contracts or conventional obligations in general
    • Chapter I: Preliminary provisions. ( Articles 1101 to 1107 )
    • Chapter II: Essential conditions for the validity of agreements. ( Articles 1108 to 1108-2 )
      • Section 1: Consent. ( Articles 1109 to 1122 )
      • Section 2: Of the capacity of the contracting parties. ( Articles 1123 to 1125-1 )
      • Section 3: Object and matter of contracts. ( Articles 1126 to 1130 )
      • Section 4: Of the cause. ( Articles 1131 to 1133 )
    • Chapter III: Effect of obligations.
      • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 1134 to 1135 )
      • Section 2: The obligation to give. ( Articles 1136 to 1141 )
      • Section 3: The obligation to do or not to do. ( Articles 1142 to 1145 )
      • Section 4: Damages resulting from the non-performance of the obligation. ( Articles 1146 to 1155 )
      • Section 5: Interpretation of conventions. ( Articles 1156 to 1164 )
      • Section 6: The effect of agreements with third parties. ( Articles 1165 to 1167 )
    • Chapter IV: Various kinds of bonds.
      • Section 1: Conditional obligations.
        • Paragraph 1: Of the condition in general, and of its various species. ( Articles 1168 to 1180 )
        • Paragraph 2: Of the suspensive condition. ( Articles 1181 to 1182 )
        • Paragraph 3: Of the resolutive condition. ( Articles 1183 to 1184 )
      • Section 2: Futures bonds. ( Articles 1185 to 1188 )
      • Section 3: Alternative obligations. ( Articles 1189 to 1196 )
      • Section 4: Joint and several obligations.
        • Paragraph 1: Solidarity between creditors. ( Articles 1197 to 1199 )
        • Paragraph 2: Solidarity on the part of the debtors. ( Articles 1200 to 1216 )
      • Section 5: Divisible and indivisible obligations. ( Articles 1217 to 1219 )
        • Paragraph 1: Effects of the divisible obligation. ( Articles 1220 to 1221 )
        • Paragraph 2: Effects of the indivisible obligation. ( Articles 1222 to 1225 )
      • Section 6: Obligations with penal clauses. ( Articles 1226 to 1233 )
    • Chapter V: Extinction of obligations. (On clause 1234 )
      • Section 1: Payment
        • Paragraph 1: Payment in general. ( Articles 1235 to 1248 )
        • Paragraph 2: Payment with subrogation. ( Articles 1249 to 1252 )
        • Paragraph 3: Imputation of payments. ( Articles 1253 to 1256 )
        • Paragraph 4: Offers of payment, and deposit. ( Articles 1257 to 1264 )
      • Section 2: Novation. ( Articles 1271 to 1281 )
      • Section 3: Debt forgiveness. ( Articles 1282 to 1288 )
      • Section 4: Compensation. ( Articles 1289 to 1299 )
      • Section 5: Confusion. ( Articles 1300 to 1301 )
      • Section 6: Loss of the thing due. ( Articles 1302 to 1303 )
      • Section 7: Action for nullity or rescission of agreements. ( Articles 1304 to 1314 )
    • Chapter VI: Proof of obligations and proof of payment. ( Articles 1315 to 1315-1 )
      • Section 1: Literal evidence.
        • Paragraph 1: General provisions. ( Articles 1316 to 1316-4 )
        • Paragraph 2: Of the authentic title. ( Articles 1317 to 1321-1 )
        • Paragraph 3: Of the act under private signature. ( Articles 1322 to 1332 )
        • Paragraph 4: Sizes. (On clause 1333 )
        • Paragraph 5: Copies of titles. ( Articles 1334 to 1336 )
        • Paragraph 6: Recognition and confirmatory acts. ( Articles 1337 to 1340 )
      • Section 2: Testimonial evidence. ( Articles 1341 to 1348 )
      • Section 3: Presumptions. (On clause 1349 )
        • Paragraph 1: Presumptions established by law. ( Articles 1350 to 1352 )
        • Paragraph 2: Presumptions which are not established by law. (On clause 1353 )
      • Section 4: Admitting the game. ( Articles 1354 to 1356 )
      • Section 5: Oath. (On clause 1357 )
        • Paragraph 1: Of the decisive oath. ( Articles 1358 to 1365 )
        • Paragraph 2: Of the oath referred to ex officio. ( Articles 1366 to 1369 )
    • Chapter VII: Contracts in electronic form.
      • Section 1: Exchange of information in the event of a contract in electronic form. ( Articles 1369-1 to 1369-3 )
      • Section 2: The conclusion of a contract in electronic form. ( Articles 1369-4 to 1369-6 )
      • Section 3: Sending or delivering a written document electronically. ( Articles 1369-7 to 1369-9 )
      • Section 4: Certain formal requirements. ( Articles 1369-10 to 1369-11 )
  • Title IV: Commitments that form without agreement ( Article 1370 )
    • Chapter I: Quasi-contracts. ( Articles 1371 to 1381 )
    • Chapter II: Crimes and quasi-crimes. ( Articles 1382 to 1386 )
  • Title IV bis: Liability for defective products ( Articles 1386-1 to 1386-18 )
  • Title V: The marriage contract and matrimonial regimes
    • Chapter I: General provisions. ( Articles 1387 to 1399 )
    • Chapter II: The regime in community
      • Part one: Legal community ( Article 1400 )
        • Section 1: Of what makes up the community actively and passively
          • Paragraph 1: Of the assets of the community ( Articles 1401 to 1408 )
          • Paragraph 2: Liabilities of the community ( Articles 1409 to 1418 )
        • Section 2: Administration of the community and own property. ( Articles 1421 to 1440 )
        • Section 3: Dissolution of the community
          • Paragraph 1: Causes of dissolution and separation of property. ( Articles 1441 to 1451 )
          • Paragraph 2: Liquidation and sharing of the community. ( Articles 1467 to 1480 )
          • Paragraph 3: Of the obligation and the contribution to the liabilities after the dissolution. ( Articles 1482 to 1491 )
      • Part two: From the conventional community. ( Article 1497 )
        • Section 1: From the community of furniture and acquests. ( Articles 1498 to 1501 )
        • Section 2: The joint administration clause. (On clause 1503 )
        • Section 3: The direct debit clause for compensation. ( Articles 1511 to 1514 )
        • Section 4: Precipitate. ( Articles 1515 to 1519 )
        • Section 5: The stipulation of unequal shares. ( Articles 1520 to 1525 )
        • Section 6: Of the universal community. (On clause 1526 )
      • Provisions common to both parts of Chapter II. (On clause 1527 )
    • Chapter III: The regime of separation of property. ( Articles 1536 to 1543 )
    • Chapter IV: Of the participation plan for acquisitions. ( Articles 1569 to 1581 )
  • Title VI: Sale
    • Chapter I: The nature and form of the sale. ( Articles 1582 to 1593 )
    • Chapter II: Who can buy or sell. ( Articles 1594 to 1597 )
    • Chapter III: Things that can be sold. ( Articles 1598 to 1601 )
    • Chapter III-1: Sale of buildings to be constructed. ( Articles 1601-1 to 1601-4 )
    • Chapter IV: Obligations of the seller
      • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 1602 to 1603 )
      • Section 2: Issuance. ( Articles 1604 to 1624 )
      • Section 3: Guarantee. (On clause 1625 )
        • Paragraph 1: Guarantee in the event of eviction. ( Articles 1626 to 1640 )
        • Paragraph 2: Of the guarantee of the defects of the sold thing. ( Articles 1641 to 1649 )
    • Chapter V: Obligations of the buyer. ( Articles 1650 to 1657 )
    • Chapter VI: Nullity and termination of the sale. (On clause 1658 )
      • Section 1: The right to buy back. ( Articles 1659 to 1673 )
      • Section 2: Rescission of the sale due to injury. ( Articles 1674 to 1685 )
    • Chapter VII: Licensing. ( Articles 1686 to 1688 )
    • Chapter VIII: Transport of claims and other intangible rights. ( Articles 1689 to 1701 )
  • Title VII: Exchange ( Articles 1702 to 1707 )
  • Title VIII: Rental contract
    • Chapter I: General provisions. ( Articles 1708 to 1712 )
    • Chapter II: Leasing of things. (On clause 1713 )
      • Section 1: Common rules for leases of houses and rural property. ( Articles 1714 to 1751 )
      • Section 2: Special rules for rental leases. ( Articles 1752 to 1762 )
      • Section 3: Special rules for farm leases. ( Articles 1764 to 1778 )
    • Chapter III: Rental of work and industry. ( Article 1779 )
      • Section 1: Service hire. ( Article 1780 )
      • Section 2: Carriages by land and by water. ( Articles 1782 to 1786 )
      • Section 3: Quotes and contracts. ( Articles 1787 to 1799-1 )
    • Chapter IV: From the livestock lease
      • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 1800 to 1803 )
      • Section 2: Simple livestock. ( Articles 1804 to 1817 )
      • Section 3: Half the livestock. ( Articles 1818 to 1820 )
      • Section 4: Livestock given by the owner to his farmer or sharecropper.
        • Paragraph 1: Of the livestock given to the farmer. ( Articles 1821 to 1826 )
        • Paragraph 2: Of the livestock given to the sharecropper. ( Articles 1827 to 1830 )
      • Section 5: Contract improperly called livestock. (On clause 1831 )
  • Title VIII bis: Real estate promotion contract ( Articles 1831-1 to 1831-5 )
  • Title IX: Of society
    • Chapter I: General provisions. ( Articles 1832 to 1844-17 )
    • Chapter II: Civil society
      • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 1845 to 1845-1 )
      • Section 2: Management. ( Articles 1846 to 1851 )
      • Section 3: Collective decisions. ( Articles 1852 to 1854 )
      • Section 4: Information of partners. ( Articles 1855 to 1856 )
      • Section 5: Commitment of partners to third parties. ( Articles 1857 to 1860 )
      • Section 6: Transfer of shares. ( Articles 1861 to 1868 )
      • Section 7: Withdrawal or death of a partner. ( Articles 1869 to 1870-1 )
    • Chapter III: Joint venture. ( Articles 1871 to 1873 )
  • Title IX bis: Agreements relating to the exercise of undivided rights ( Article 1873-1 )
    • Chapter I: Agreements relating to the exercise of undivided rights in the absence of usufructuary. ( Articles 1873-2 to 1873-15 )
    • Chapter II: Agreements relating to the exercise of undivided rights in the presence of a usufructuary. ( Articles 1873-16 to 1873-18 )
  • Title X: Loan ( Article 1874 )
    • Chapter I: Loan for use, or commodity
      • Section 1: The nature of the loan for use. ( Articles 1875 to 1879 )
      • Section 2: Borrower’s commitments. ( Articles 1880 to 1887 )
      • Section 3: Commitments of the user. ( Articles 1888 to 1891 )
    • Chapter II: Consumer loan, or simple loan
      • Section 1: The nature of the consumer loan. ( Articles 1892 to 1897 )
      • Section 2: Obligations of the lender. ( Articles 1898 to 1901 )
      • Section 3: Borrower’s commitments. ( Articles 1902 to 1904 )
    • Chapter III: Loan at interest. ( Articles 1905 to 1914 )
  • Title XI: Deposit and escrow
    • Chapter I: The deposit in general and its various species. ( Articles 1915 to 1916 )
    • Chapter II: The deposit proper
      • Section 1: The nature and essence of the deposit contract. ( Articles 1917 to 1920 )
      • Section 2: Voluntary deposit. ( Articles 1921 to 1926 )
      • Section 3: Obligations of the depositary. ( Articles 1927 to 1946 )
      • Section 4: Obligations of the person by whom the deposit was made. ( Articles 1947 to 1948 )
      • Section 5: Deposit required. ( Articles 1949 to 1954 )
    • Chapter III: Receivership
      • Section 1: Different species of receiver. ( Section 1955 )
      • Section 2: Conventional sequestration. ( Articles 1956 to 1960 )
      • Section 3: Receivership or judicial filing. ( Articles 1961 to 1963 )
  • Title XII: Random contracts. ( Article 1964 )
    • Chapter I: Gambling and betting. ( Articles 1965 to 1967 )
    • Chapter II: The life annuity contract
      • Section 1: Conditions required for the validity of the contract. ( Articles 1968 to 1976 )
      • Section 2: Effects of the contract between the contracting parties. ( Articles 1977 to 1983 )
  • Title XIII: Mandate
    • Chapter I: Nature and form of the mandate. ( Articles 1984 to 1990 )
    • Chapter II: Obligations of the agent. ( Articles 1991 to 1997 )
    • Chapter III: Obligations of the principal. ( Articles 1998 to 2002 )
    • Chapter IV: Different ways in which the mandate ends. ( Articles 2003 to 2010 )
  • Title XIV: Of the trust ( Articles 2011 to 2030 )
  • Title XV: Transactions ( Articles 2044 to 2058 )
  • Title XVI: Compromise ( Articles 2059 to 2061 )
  • Title XVII: Of the participative procedure agreement ( Articles 2062 to 2068 )
  • Title XX: Extinctive prescription
    • Chapter I: General provisions. ( Articles 2219 to 2223 )
    • Chapter II: Deadlines and the starting point of the extinctive prescription.
      • Section 1: The common law deadline and its starting point. (On clause 2224 )
      • Section 2: Some specific deadlines and starting points. ( Articles 2225 to 2227 )
    • Chapter III: The course of extinctive prescription.
      • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 2228 to 2232 )
      • Section 2: Causes of postponement of the starting point or suspension of the prescription. ( Articles 2233 to 2239 )
      • Section 3: Causes of interruption of prescription. ( Articles 2240 to 2246 )
    • Chapter IV: Conditions of the extinctive prescription.
      • Section 1: Invocation of prescription. ( Articles 2247 to 2249 )
      • Section 2: Waiver of prescription. ( Articles 2250 to 2253 )
      • Section 3: Conventional arrangement of prescription. (On clause 2254 )
  • Title XXI: Possession and acquisitive prescription
    • Chapter I: General provisions. ( Articles 2255 to 2257 )
    • Chapter II: Acquisition prescription. ( Articles 2258 to 2259 )
      • Section 1: Conditions of acquisitive prescription. ( Articles 2260 to 2271 )
      • Section 2: Acquisition prescription in real estate matters. ( Articles 2272 to 2275 )
      • Section 3: The acquisitive prescription in movable matter. ( Articles 2276 to 2277 )
    • Chapter III: Possessionary protection. ( Articles 2278 to 2279 )

• Book IV: Sureties ( Articles 2284 to 2287 )
  • Title I: Personal security ( Article 2287-1 )
    • Chapter I: Surety
      • Section 1: The nature and extent of the bond ( Articles 2288 to 2297 )
      • Section 2: Effect of the bond
        • Sub-section 1: Effect of the bond between the creditor and the surety ( Articles 2298 to 2304 )
        • Sub-section 2: Effect of the bond between the debtor and the surety ( Articles 2305 to 2309 )
        • Sub-section 3: Effect of suretyship between co-fuse holders ( Article 2310 )
      • Section 3: Extinction of the bond ( Articles 2311 to 2316 )
      • Section 4: Legal bond and judicial bond ( Articles 2317 to 2320 )
    • Chapter II: Autonomous guarantee ( Article 2321 )
    • Chapter III: Letter of intent ( Article 2322 )
  • Title II: Real collateral
    • Subtitle I: General provisions ( Articles 2323 to 2328-1 )
    • Subheading II: Security interests in furniture ( Article 2329 )
      • Chapter I: Personal liens ( Article 2330 )
        • Section 1: General privileges ( Article 2331 )
        • Section 2: Special privileges ( Article 2332 )
        • Section 3: Classification of privileges ( Articles 2332-1 to 2332-3 )
      • Chapter II: Pledge of tangible furniture
        • Section 1: Common pledge law ( Articles 2333 to 2350 )
        • Section 2: Pledge relating to a motor vehicle. ( Articles 2351 to 2353 )
        • Section 3: Common provisions. (On clause 2354 )
      • Chapter III: Pledge of intangible furniture. ( Articles 2355 to 2366 )
      • Chapter IV: Property retained or assigned as a guarantee.
        • Section 1: Property retained as security. ( Articles 2367 to 2372 )
        • Section 2: Property ceded as security. ( Articles 2372-1 to 2372-5 )
    • Subtitle III: Security interests in buildings ( Article 2373 )
      • Chapter I: Property liens
        • Section 1: Special privileges. (On clause 2374 )
        • Section 2: General privileges. ( Articles 2375 to 2376 )
        • Section 3: Cases where privileges must be registered ( Articles 2377 to 2386 )
      • Chapter II: Pledge of real estate. ( Articles 2387 to 2392 )
      • Chapter III: Mortgages
        • Section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 2393 to 2399 )
        • Section 2: Legal mortgages
          • Sub-section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 2400 to 2401 )
          • Sub-section 2: Special rules for the legal mortgage of spouses. ( Articles 2402 to 2408 )
          • Sub-section 3: Special rules for the legal hypothec of guardians. ( Articles 2409 to 2411 )
        • Section 3: Judicial mortgages ( Article 2412 )
        • Section 4: Conventional mortgages ( Articles 2413 to 2424 )
        • Section 5: Classification of mortgages ( Article 2425 )
      • Chapter IV: Registration of liens and mortgages
        • Section 1: Method of recording liens and mortgages ( Articles 2426 to 2439 )
        • Section 2: Cancellation and reduction of registrations
          • Sub-section 1: General provisions. ( Articles 2440 to 2445 )
          • Sub-section 2: Special provisions relating to mortgages of spouses and guardians ( Articles 2446 to 2448 )
        • Section 3: Publication of registers and responsibility for land registration ( Articles 2449 to 2457 )
      • Chapter V: Effect of privileges and mortgages ( Articles 2458 to 2474 )
      • Chapter VI: Purge of privileges and mortgages ( Articles 2475 to 2487 )
      • Chapter VII: Extinction of Privileges and Mortgages ( Article 2488 )
      • Chapter VIII: Property ceded as security ( Articles 2488-6 to 2488-5 )

• Book V: Provisions applicable to Mayotte ( Articles 2489 to 2490 )
  • Preliminary title: Provisions relating to the preliminary title ( Article 2491 )
  • Title I: Provisions relating to Book I ( Articles 2492 to 2499-5 )
  • Title II: Provisions relating to book II ( Articles 2500 to 2502 )
  • Title III: Provisions relating to book III ( Articles 2503 to 2508 )
  • Title IV: Provisions relating to the registration of buildings and rights to buildings. (On clause 2509 )
    • Chapter I: Regime for the registration of buildings
      • Section 1: General provisions ( Articles 2510 to 2515 )
      • Section 2: Registration of buildings and their effects ( Articles 2516 to 2520 )
      • Section 3: Registration of rights to the building ( Articles 2521 to 2529 )
    • Chapter II: Miscellaneous provisions
      • Section 1: Privileges and Mortgages ( Articles 2530 to 2532 )
      • Section 2: Forced expropriation ( Article 2534 )

French civil code