Ang-agams:
Principle Jain literature
1. Acharang Sutra(Aayarang): It describes the conduct and behavior of ascetic life.
2. Sutrakratang Sutra (Suyagdang): It describes the refutation of other religious theories such as Kriyavada, Akriyavada, Ajnanavada, and Vinayavada.
3. Sthananga Sutra (Thanang): It defines and catalogues the main substances.
4. Samavayanga Sutra: It defines and catalogues the main substances of the Jain religion from a different perspective than the Sthananga Sutra.
5. Vhakhya Prajnapti or Bhagavati Sutra (Viyah Pannati): It explains the knowledge of soul, matter, and other related subjects.
6. Janata Dharma Kathanga Sutra (Nayadhammakahao): It explains Jain principles.
7. Upasaka Dashanga Sutra (Uvasagdasao): It explains the code of conduct of the ten Shravaks of Lord Mahavir.
8. Antah Kradashanga Sutra (Anatagaddasao): It tells the stories of ten sacred monks .
9. Anuttaroupa Patika Dashanga Sutra (Anuttarov Vaiya Dasao): It contains the stories of an additional ten sacred monks who attained Anuttara heaven.
10. Prashna Vyakrana Sutra (Panha Vagarnai): It describes the five great vows (mahavratas) and the five worst sins defined in the Jain religion.
11. Vipaka Sutra (Vivagsuyam): It explains the results of good and bad karmas through several stories.
Mahvir died around 1500 BCE and the above books were composed around 500-400BCE. All the original Agams were lost , which were composed Ganadharas(First Disciples of Mahavira)
Upang-agams:
The scriptures which provides further explanation of Ang-agams are called Upang-agams.
- Aupa Patika Sutra (Ovavaiya): It describes the splendid procession (view) of King Konika when he visited Lord Mahavir. It also explains how a person can attain heaven in the next life.
- Raja Prashniya Sutra (Raya Pasen Ijja): It describes the story of Monk Keshi. Monk Keshi was the Ganadhara of Lord Parshvanath.
- Jivabhigama Sutra:
Itdescribes the universe and the subtle description of all living beings (souls) of the universe. It gives very important information to the scholars of biology and botany. - Prajnapana Sutra (Pannavana):
Itdescribes the form and attributes of souls from a different perspective. - Surya Prajnapti Sutra (Surya Pannti): Itdescribes the Sun, the planets and the associated mathematics regarding their motion.
- Chandra Prajnapti Sutra:
It describes the Moon, the planets and the associated, mathematics regarding their motion. Both of these upangas, the Chandra Prajnapti and Surya Prajnapati, sutras are very important in understanding the astrology of olden times. - Jambudveepa Prajnapti Sutra: It provides a description of Jambudveepa. Jambudeepa is a place explained in Jain geography. It also provides information on ancient kings.
- Nirayarvali Sutra: It describes the story of ten princes. All ten princes fought with King Chetaka of Vaishali in cooperation with king Konika. King Chetaka was the son of the 10 princes’ step-mother. In the end all ten princes went to hell after dying in war.
- Kalpa Vatansika Sutra (Kappavadamsiao): It describes the story of King Konika’s children. They did not fight with King Chetaka in the war. They renounced the world and became monks. After their death, they went to heaven.
- Pushpika Sutra (Puspiao): It describes the previous lives of certain devas (angels) who worshiped Lord Mahavir.
- Pushpa Chulika Sutra: It describes stories similar to those in the Pushpika.
- Vrashnidasha Sutra (Vanhidasao): It explains how Lord Neminath convinced ten kings in the Vrashni region to follow the Jain religion.
Chhed Sutra Aagams:
It relates to the conduct and behavior of monks and nuns. It also explains how they can repent for their sins and mistakes.
- Nisheetha Sutra (Nisiha): It explains the procedure of repentance (Prayashchitta) .
- . Vrahat Kalpa Sutra: It explains conduct for monks and nuns and what is not.
- Vyavahara Sutra: It describes the system of confession for monks and nuns who fall from proper conduct.
- Dasha Shruta Skandha Sutra (Achardasha):
1. places of Asamadhi
2. powerful faults bringing weakness in conduct
3. Ashatanas of Guru
4. Sampadas of Acharyas and their kinds
5. places of Chitta Samadhi
6. Pratimas of Sravaka
7. Bhiksu Pratimas
8. KALPASUTRA – recited during the Paryushanas
9. places of Maha Mohaniya karma bandhana
10. Nidanas (Niyane)
5. Panch Kalpa Sutra: This sutra explains the daily obligatory rituals the monks and nuns.
6. Mahanisheetha Sutra: It explains(Prayashchitta) for monks and nuns.
Mool-sutras:
- Avashyaka Sutra: Describes six obligations are; Samayika, Chaturvinshatistava, Vandanaka, Pratikramana, Kayotsarga, and Pratyakhyana.
- Dasha Vaikalika Sutra: Describes and explains the conduct of ascetic life.
- Uttaradhyayana Sutra: It has the same place in Jain literature as the Dhammapada in Buddhism and the Geeta in the Hindu religion.
- Ogha Niryukti or Pinda Niryukti Sutra: Rules and procedures for monks with respect to travelling, staying, accepting food and other necessities from lay people.
Chulika-sutras or Sutras:
- Nandi Sutra: It contains an elaborate description of Tirthankaras, Ganadharas, and five types of Knowledge (Jnan); Mati, Shrut, Avadhi, Manaparyay, and Keval-Jnan.
- Anuyogadvara Sutra: It provides the description of many rights regarding the mode of preaching.
Prakirna-agams:
1. Chatuh Sharana: It contains prayers to the four benevolent beings:
1. Lord Arihant- God in the form of human being
2. Lord Siddha – God in the form of pure consciousness
3. Sadhu – All monks
4. Dharma – Religion
- Aatur Pratyakhyana (Aayur-Pachakhana): It explains differences in the death of children, youths, adults, and old people.
- Bhakti Parijna (Bhatta-parinna): It describes the process of fasting and how one should strive to feel at the time of death.
- Sanstaraka (Santharag): It describes the process of dying by one’s own desire (Santhara) and its glory.
- Tandulavaitalika: It describes the state of pregnancy and provides knowledge about the human body.
- Chandra-Vedhyaka: It describes the method of concentrated meditation (Dhyana) that one should observe through the description of Radhavedha.
- Devendra-Stava: It describes the names, positions, and residences of Devas (angels) who live in heaven. It also provides a description of the moon, sun, planets, and stars.
- Ganita Vidya: Itdescribes palmistry and how it is used to predict the future (Nimitta).
- Mahapratyakhyana: Itexplains how to completely give up the worst sins and how to repent these sins.
- Veerastava: Itis considered lost. However, it appears from literature referencing Itthat it contained prayers of Lord Mahavir.
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Tagged: Agamas, Jaina Holy Text