Agreement for Establishing the World Trade Organization-This AgreementContractAn agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act. shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by contracting parties to GATT 1947, and the European Communities, which are eligible to become original Members of the WTOWTOThe World Trade Organization (164 Members) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The WTO operates the global system of trade rules and helps developing economies build their trade capacity.
Observer governments>
Algeria-
Andorra-
Azerbaijan-
Bahamas-
Belarus-
Bhutan-
Bosnia and Herzegovina-
Comoros-
Curaçao-
Equatorial Guinea-
Ethiopia-
Holy See-
Iran-
Iraq-
Lebanese Republic-
Libya-
Sao Tomé and Principe-
Serbia-
Somalia-
South Sudan-
Sudan-
Syrian Arab Republic-
Timor-Leste-
Turkmenistan-
Uzbekistan- in accordance with Article XI of this Agreement.
Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (Ottawa Convention) 1997-The Mine Ban Treaty, also known as the Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines, aims to end the suffering caused by these weapons and their lasting impact on communities. States parties commit to banning the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel mines, as well as assisting mine victims. The treaty emphasizes humanitarian principles and international cooperation, urging universal adherence.
Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and India-2014-IndiaIndiaBharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more has attained global recognition for the manufacture of high quality, affordable generic medicines and is fast becoming a hub for contractContractAn agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act. research, biotechnology, clinical trials, and clinical data management. Indian pharmaceutical industry is the fourth largest in the world in terms of production volume and exports during the year 2013-14 were more than USD 15 billion. India has approximately 1400 WHO approved pharmaceutical plants and is a major supplier of pharmaceutical products to international agencies as well as diverse markets including the United States of America, European Union and AfricaAfricaEastern Africa
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mozambique
Réunion
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
South Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Middle Africa
Angola
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
São Tomé e Príncipe
Northern Africa
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Morocco
Sudan
Tunisia
Western Sahara
Southern Africa
Botswana
Eswatini
Lesotho
Namibia
South Africa
Western Africa
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde Islands
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Saint Helena
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo.
Fourth Geneva Convention 1949:Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War-The purpose of establishing a Convention for the Protection of Civilian Persons in TimeTimeWhere any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) of WarWarWhenever Christians wage a war, it is a Just war (City of God). Jesus asked his followers to purchase swords (Luke 22: 35-36). Those who legitimately hold authority also have the right to use arms to repel aggressors against the civil community entrusted to their responsibility (Catechism 2265). Without Jihad there is no Islam. In Mahabharata, Krishna tried to stop the War imposed by Kurus. Lord Rama killed Ravan in the war to restore his wife. Deva and Asura battles are not available in Vedas.
International Declaration on Human Genetic Data-16/10/2003-Recalling more particularly the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights which it adopted, unanimously and by acclamation, on 11 November 1997 and which was endorsed by the United NationsUNOThe main bodies of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established under the UN Charter when the Organization was founded in 1945. It has 193 members. General Assembly on 9 December 1998 and the Guidelines for the implementation of the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights which it endorsed on 16 November 1999 by 30 C/Resolution 23
List of Multilateral Treaties deposited with UNO-This collection has been established pursuant to the General Assembly resolution A/52/363, section VI and subsequently adopted resolutions on multilingualism, inter alia, 65/311, 67/292 and Secretary-General's reports to the General Assembly 65/282 and 67/311. It consists of the titles of multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General in the six official languages of the United Nations - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. The listing of titles is updated annually, as required. There are currently over 560 multilateral conventions deposited with the Secretary-General, and their number keeps growing steadily as new conventions open for signature almost every year.
List of Universal Treaties-Universal Treaties 1864 Geneva Convention (1864) Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the...
Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights-19/10/2005-Recognizing that ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
USA-India Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (17/10/2001)-The Treaty provides for a broad range of cooperation in criminal matters and related proceedings. Mutual assistance available under the Treaty includes: (1) Taking the testimony or statements of persons; (2) providing documents, records, and items of evidenceEvidenceAll the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved.
Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023; (3) locating or identifying persons or items; (4) serving documents; (5) transferring persons in custody for testimony or other purposes; (6) executing requests for searches and seizures; (7) assisting in proceedings relating to seizure and forfeiture of assets, restitution, and collection of fines; and (8) rendering any other form of assistance not prohibited by the laws of the Requested State.
Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (Ottawa Convention) 1997-The Mine Ban Treaty, also known as the Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines, aims to end the suffering caused by these weapons and their lasting impact on communities. States parties commit to banning the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel mines, as well as assisting mine victims. The treaty emphasizes humanitarian principles and international cooperation, urging universal adherence.
CEASE-FIRE LINE AGREEMENT BETWEEN MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN 1949-AGREEMENT REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CEASE-FIRE LINE IN THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR 1949: MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES OF INDIA AND PAKISTANAGREEMENT BETWEEN MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CEASE-FIRE LINE IN THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR
CHANDERNAGORE AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND FRANCE: 1951-The Government of the French RepublicRepublicRes publica. Having a head of the state. Pope is the head of the Vatican City state. The people execute their power through an Elected (direct/indirect) President. Political parties sponsored their presidential candidates. Indian president is a constitutional puppet under the ruling Cabinet. In the case of the appointment of Indian judges, presidential power is a vanishing point. transfers to the Government of the Republic of India all the properties owned by the State and the public bodies lying within the territory of the Free Town of Chandernagore.
Charter of the Organization of American States-1948-Conscious that that mission has already inspired numerous agreements, whose essential value lies in the desire of the American peoples to live together in peacePeaceεἰρήνη and, through their mutual understanding and respect for the sovereignty of each one, to provide for the betterment of all, in independence, in equality and under law;
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1996)-Each State Party undertakes not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion, and to prohibit and prevent any such nuclear explosion at any place under its jurisdictionJurisdictionAuthority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case. or control.
Convention on International Civil Aviation [Full text]-The document contains the text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944 (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention"), in the English, French, Russian and Spanish languages. Each of these texts is equally authentic. The English text is the text adopted and signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944.
DRAFT TREATY CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS-1959-Desiring to make provisions to give effect to the Declaration made by the Government of the United Kingdom on the 17th of February, 1959, during the Conference at London, in accordance with the subsequent Declarations made at the Conference by the Foreign Ministers of Greece and Turkey, by the Representative of the Greek Cypriot Community and by the Representative of the Turkish Cypriot Community
Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and India-2014-India has attained global recognition for the manufacture of high quality, affordable generic medicines and is fast becoming a hub for contract research, biotechnology, clinical trials, and clinical data management. Indian pharmaceutical industry is the fourth largest in the world in terms of production volume and exports during the year 2013-14 were more than USD 15 billion. India has approximately 1400 WHO approved pharmaceutical plants and is a major supplier of pharmaceutical products to international agencies as well as diverse markets including the United States of America, European Union and Africa.
Emergence of Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)-The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a groundbreaking initiative by key trading partners to strengthen the international legal framework for effectively combating global proliferation of commercial-scale counterfeiting and piracy.
European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments-1970-A sentenced person detained in the requesting State who has been surrendered to the
requested State for the purpose of enforcement shall not be proceeded against, sentenced or
detained with a view to the carrying out of a sentence or detention order for any offence
committed prior to his surrender other than that for which the sentence to be enforced was
imposed, nor shall he for any other reason be restricted in his personal freedom
EXTRADITION TREATY BETWEEN INDIA AND BANGLADESH-The Contracting States agree to extradite to each other, subject to the provisions of this Treaty, persons found in the territory of one of the Contracting States who have been proceeded against for or have been charged with or have been found guilty of, or are wanted for the enforcement of a judicially pronounced penalty for committing an extraditable offence, as described in Article 2, by the judicial authority of the other Contracting State.
Hague Act-1960-The HagueHague The city`s unique position as an international centre of decision-making and influence has...
Hague Agreement -1925-Considering article 15 of the Convention of International Union of March 20, 1883 for the protection of industrial property, revised in Brussels on December 14, 1900 and in Washington on June 2, 1911,
Helsinki Final Act -1975-The Conference on Security and Co-operation in EuropeEuropeOnce the word came to be peculiarly associated with the transalpine formations of Latin Christianity, it became a cultural term as well as a geographic one. The word “European” merged with the word “Western” and there was a supposed “Western civilization” occupying the Atlantic region, colonizing the two continents and making contact with the Pacific. EU is a “union of states which lies between confederation and federation. Read more., which opened at Helsinki on 3 July 1973 and continued at Geneva from 18 September 1973 to 21 July 1975, was concluded at Helsinki on 1 August 1975 by the High Representatives of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, the German
Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, the Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Yugoslavia.
Indio-China 1996 Agreement on Peace in India-China Border Areas(LAC)-Neither side shall use its military capability against the other side. No armed forces deployed by either side in the border areas along the line of actual control as part of their respective military strength shall be used to attack the other side, or engage in military activities that threaten the other side or undermine peace, tranquility and stability in the India-China border areas.Neither side shall open fire, cause bio-degradation, use hazardous chemicals, conduct blast operations or hunt with guns or explosives within two kilometers from the line of actual control. This prohibition shall not apply to routine firing activities in small arms firing ranges.
Indio-China 2005 Agreement on Guiding Principles for Settlement of Boundary Question-The differences on the boundary question should not be allowed to affect the overall development of bilateral relations. The two sides will resolve the boundary question through peaceful and friendly consultations. Neither side shall use or threaten to use force against the other by any means. The final solution of the boundary question will significantly promote good neighbourly and friendly relations between India and China.
Lateran Treaty of 1929-Lateran Pacts of 1929 The Lateran Pacts of 1929 [King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy...
League of Nations Covenant-Treaty of Versailles-1919-The Council shall consist of Representatives of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, together with Representatives of four other Members of the League. These four Members of the League shall be selected by the Assembly from time to time in its discretion. Until the appointment of the Representatives of the four Members of the League first selected by the Assembly, Representatives of Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Greece shall be members of the Council.
List of the International Treaties-Geneva Convention (1864)
Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, Geneva, 22 August 1864.
NEHRU-LIAQUAT PACT 1950-The Governments of India and Pakistan solemnly agree that each shall ensure, to the minorities throughout its territory, complete equality of citizenship, irrespective of religionReligion‘The word ‘Religion’ -Re Legion- A group or Collection or a brigade, is a social-cultural construction and Substantially doesn’t exist. Catholic religion is different from Protestant religion. It is not Dharma., a full sense of security in respect of life, culture, property and personal honour, freedom of movement within each country and freedom of occupation, speech and worship, subject to law and moralityMoralityMental frame. It can be high morality or low morality, savage morality or civilised morality or Christian morality, or Nazi morality. Decent Behaviour is acceptable norms of the nations. Christian morality starts with the belief that all men are sinners and that repentance is the cause of divine mercy. Putting Crucified Christ in between is the destruction of Christian morality and logic. Now morality shifted to the personal choice of Jesus. What Jesus did is 'good'. The same would be the case of Ram, Krishna, Muhammad, Buddha, Lenin, etc. Pure Human Consciousness degraded to pure followership. There exists no proof the animals are devoid of morality..
North Atlantic Treaty – Full text – 4/04/1949-After the Treaty has been in force for ten years, or at any time thereafter, the Parties shall, if any of them so requests, consult together for the purpose of reviewing the Treaty, having regard for the factors then affecting peace and security in the North Atlantic area, including the development of universal as well as regional arrangements under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.
North Atlantic Treaty-04/04/1949-The Treaty does not effect, and shall not be interpreted as affecting, in any way the rights and obligations under the Charter of the Parties which are members of the United Nations, or the primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security.
Overview of China’s major foreign treaties concluded in 2018-The Chinese government has re-developed friendly relations with countries around the world, actively participated in the activities of regional and global international organizations, and has concluded a large number of bilateral and multilateral treaties in the fields of politics, economy, trade, culture, and judicial assistance, in order to maintain a stable and rapid national economy Development, building a well-off society in an all-round way, and deepening the all-round cooperation between China and countries around the world and international organizations provide good legal protection.
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)-The PCT is an international treaty with more than 153 Contracting States. The PCT procedure...
Patent Law Treaty 2000-The provisions of this Treaty and the Regulations shall apply to national and regional patents for invention, and to national and regional patents of addition, which have been granted with effect for a Contracting Party.
Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden (11/07/2022)-The Protocols propose allowing Finland and Sweden to become
parties to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949, which would make
them members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATONATONATO was created by 12 countries from Europe and North America on 4 April 1949. NATO’s essential and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of all its members by political and military means. At present, NATO has 32 member countries.
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States)
with all the privileges and responsibilities that apply to
current NATO Allies.
The Jay Treaty-1794-96: Signed Between United States and Great Britain-The Jay Treaty-1794-96-On November 19, 1794 representatives of the United States and Great Britain signed Jay’s Treaty, which sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries that had been left unresolved since American independence.
Treaty between Ameer Dost Muhammad Khan & British India, 1855-countries of Afghanistan now in his possession ; concluded on the part of the British Government by John Lawrence, Esquire, Chief Commissioner of the Punjab in virtue of full powers vested in him by the most Noble James Andrew, Marquis of Dalhousie, KT, &C., Governor-General of India ; and on the part of the Ameer of Cabool, Dost Mohummud Khan by Sirdar Gholam Hydur Khan, in virtue of full authority granted to him by His Highness, - 1855.
Treaty Between Spain and U.S. Regarding Guam – 1898-The United States of America and Her Majesty The Queen Regent of Spain, in the name of her august son Don Alfonso XIII, desiring to end the state of war now existing between the two countries
Treaty between the Holy See and Italy (11/02/1929)-That, in order to assure the Holy See absolute and visible independence, to guarantee it an indisputable sovereignty even in the international field, the need was recognized to establish, in particular ways, the Vatican City, recognizing the full ownership of the same to the Holy See and exclusive and absolute sovereign power and jurisdiction;
Treaty Means-“treaty” means an international agreementContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements...
Treaty of Amritsar between British Govt and Maharajah Gulab Singh of Jammu-1846-The treaty between the British Government on the one part and Maharajah Gulab Singh of Jammu on the other concluded on the part of the British Government by Frederick Currie, Esq. and Brevet-Major Henry Montgomery Lawrence, acting under the orders of the Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Hardinge, G.C.B., one of her Britannic Majesty's most Honorable Privy Council, Governor-General of the possessions of the East India Company, to direct and control all the affairs in the East Indies and by Maharajah Gulab Singh in person - 1846.
Treaty of London-Britain guaranteed Belgian neutrality 1839-Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, His Majesty the King of the French, His Majesty the King of Prussia, and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, having taken into consideration their Treaty concluded with His Majesty the King of the Belgians, on the 15th of November, 1831; and His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxemburg, being disposed to conclude a Definitive Arrangement on the basis of the 24 Articles agreed upon by the Plenipotentiaries of Great Britain, Austria, France, Prussia, and Russia, on the 14th of October, 1831; their said Majesties have named for their Plenipotentiaries
Treaty of Peace Between Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan And Israel-1994-The Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Government of the State of Israel:-Bearing in mind the Washington Declaration, signed by them on 25th July, 1994, and which they are both committed to honor;-Aiming at the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace in the Middle East based on Security Council resolutions 242 and 338 in all their aspects;
TREATY OF PEACE WITH TURKEY SIGNED AT LAUSANNE JULY 24, 1923-Gentlemen, I don't think it is necessary any further to compare the principles underlying the Lausanne Peace Treaty with other proposals for peace. This treaty, is a document declaring that all efforts, prepared over centuries, and thought to have been accomplished through the SEVRES Treaty to crush the Turkish nationNationA collective consciousness, founded in ancient origin within a geographic area, with definite history and heritage, culture and way of life, language and literature, food and clothing, coupled with a deep understanding of war and peace is to be known as a nation. Rasra is the Vedic word for it. have been in vain. It is a diplomatic victory unheard of in the Ottoman history!
UNO Arms Trade Treaty – 2013-"Virtually all areas of world trade, from banana to petroleum, timber to minerals, are covered by regulations that bind countries into agreed conduct. Before the adoption of the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) in April 2013 by the General Assembly of the United Nations, there was no global set of rules governing the trade in conventional weapons. The ATT sets robust international standards to help guide governments in deciding whether or not to authorize arms transfers. It provides for cooperation and assistance to help countries develop adequate regulatory systems and safe weapons stockpiles. The adoption of the Arms Trade Treaty marked a turning point in the international community’s efforts to regulate the global trade in conventional arms and to promote peace and security"-UNOUNOThe main bodies of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established under the UN Charter when the Organization was founded in 1945. It has 193 members..
UNO Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography-2002-Believing that the elimination of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography will be facilitated by adopting a holistic approach, addressing the contributing factors, including underdevelopment, poverty, economic disparities, inequitable socio-economic structure, dysfunctioning families, lack of education, urban-rural migration, gender discrimination, irresponsible adult sexual behaviour, harmful traditional practices, armed conflicts and trafficking in children,
USA and USSR Treaty on Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests (TTBT)-1974-The Treaty on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests, also known as the (TTBT), was signed in July 1974. It establishes a nuclear "threshold," by prohibiting tests having a yield exceeding 150 kilotons (equivalent to 150,000 tons of TNT).
The threshold is militarily important since it removes the possibility of testing new or existing nuclear weapons going beyond the fractional‑megaton range. In the 1960s, many tests above 150 kilotons were conducted by both countries. The mutual restraint imposed by the Treaty reduced the explosive force of new nuclear warheads and bombs which could otherwise be tested for weapons systems. Of particular significance was the relationship between explosive power of reliable, tested warheads and first‑strike capability.
USA-India Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (17/10/2001)-The Treaty provides for a broad range of cooperation in criminal matters and related proceedings. Mutual assistance available under the Treaty includes: (1) Taking the testimony or statements of persons; (2) providing documents, records, and items of evidence; (3) locating or identifying persons or items; (4) serving documents; (5) transferring persons in custody for testimony or other purposes; (6) executing requests for searches and seizures; (7) assisting in proceedings relating to seizure and forfeiture of assets, restitution, and collection of fines; and (8) rendering any other form of assistance not prohibited by the laws of the Requested State.
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty – Geneva (1996)-"broadcasting" means the transmission by wireless means for public reception of sounds or of images and sounds or of the representations thereof; such transmission by satellite is also "broadcasting"; transmission of encrypted signals is "broadcasting" where the means for decrypting are provided to the public by the broadcasting organisation or with its consent;
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