UN Convention on Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts-2005

Date of adoption: 23 November 2005

The Electronic Communications Convention builds upon earlier instruments drafted by the Commission, and, in particular, the UNCITRAL Model LawLaw Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. on Electronic Commerce and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures. This Convention applies to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contractContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act. between parties whose places of business are in different States.

This Convention does not apply to electronic communications relating to any of the following:

(a) Contracts concluded for personal, family or household purposes;

(b) (i) Transactions on a regulated exchange; (ii) foreign exchange transactions; (iii) inter-bank payment systems, inter-bank payment agreements or clearance and settlement systems relating to securities or other financial assets or instruments; (iv) the transfer of security rights in sale, loan or holding of or agreementContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act. to repurchase securities or other financial assets or instruments held with an intermediary

SIGNATORIES

Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Benin
Cameroon
Central African RepublicRepublic Res publica. Having a head of the state. Pope is the head of the Vatican City state. The people execute their power through an Elected (direct/indirect) President. Political parties sponsored their presidential candidates. Indian president is a constitutional puppet under the ruling Cabinet. In the case of the appointment of Indian judges, presidential power is a vanishing point.
China
Colombia
Congo
Dominican Republic
Fiji
Honduras
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Kiribati
Lebanon
Madagascar
Montenegro
Panama
Paraguay
Philippines
Republic of Korea
Russian Federation
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sri Lanka

Notes

(a) Upon ratification, Singapore declared: The Convention shall not apply to electronic communications relating to any contract for the sale or other disposition of immovable property, or any interest in such property. The Convention shall also not apply in respect of (i) the creation or execution of a will; or (ii) the creation, performance or enforcement of an indenture, declaration of trust or power of attorney, that may be contracted for in any contract governed by the Convention.

(b) Upon acceptance, the Russian Federation declared: 1. In accordance with article 19, paragraph 1, of the Convention, the Russian Federation will apply the Convention when the parties to the international contract have agreed that it applies; 2. In accordance with article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Russian Federation will not apply the Convention to transactions for which a notarized form or State registration is required under Russian law or to transactions for the sale of goods whose transfer across the Customs Union border is either prohibited or restricted; 3. The Russian Federation understands the international contracts covered by the Convention to mean civil law contracts involving foreign citizens or legal entities, or a foreign element.

(c) Upon ratification, Sri Lanka declared: In accordance with Articles 21 and 19 (paragraph 2) of the United NationsUNO The main bodies of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established under the UN Charter when the Organization was founded in 1945. It has 193 members. Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, the Convention shall not apply to electronic communications or transactions specifically excluded under Section 23 of the Electronic Transactions Act No. 19 of 2006, of Sri Lanka.

(d) Upon ratification, Fiji declared: In accordance with Articles 21 and 19 (paragraph 2) of the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, the Convention shall not apply to electronic communications or transactions specifically excluded under sections 18, 19, 20 and the Schedule to the Electronic Transactions Act 2008 (No 26 of 2008) of Fiji, as amended by the Electronic Transactions (Amendment) Act 2017 (No 8 of 2017).

CONNECTED MODEL LAWS

UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996)
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (New York, 2008) (the “Rotterdam Rules”)