Administrative divisions – 50 states and 1 district; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming [CIA World Fact Book-2022]
- “I stand squarely behind my decision”- Biden on Afghan-Taliban catastrophe - I’m now the fourth American President to preside over war in Afghanistan — two Democrats and two Republicans. I will not pass this responsibly on — responsibility on to a fifth President.
- 32 broad policy area terms for USA Legislative Drafting - STATUS- 2022 Policy Area Description Agriculture and Food Primary focus of measure is agricultural practices; agricultural prices and marketing; agricultural education; food assistance or nutrition programs; food industry, supply, and safety; aquaculture; horticulture and plants. Measures concerning international trade in
- Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices to Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety in USA – EO (25/05/2022) - Law enforcement officers are often a person’s first point of contact with our criminal justice system, and we depend on them to uphold these principles while doing the demanding and often life-threatening work of keeping us safe. We expect them to help prevent and solve crimes and frequently call upon them to respond to social problems outside their expertise and beyond their intended role,
- Advancing International Religious Freedom- US Presidential Executive Order 2020 - Religious communities and organizations, and other institutions of civil society, are vital partners in United States Government efforts to advance religious freedom around the world. It is the policy of the United States to engage robustly and continually with civil society organizations—including those in foreign countries—to inform United States Government policies, programs, and activities related to international religious freedom.
- AMERICAN CYBERSECURITY LAW - The term “cybersecurity purpose” means the purpose of protecting an information system or information that is stored on, processed by, or transiting an information system from a cybersecurity threat or security vulnerability. The term “information system” includes industrial control systems,
- American Economy under Biden’s Presidency-9/07/2021 - The economy has gained more than three million jobs since the President took office—the most jobs created in the first five months of any presidency in modern history. Today, the President is building on this economic momentum by signing an Executive Order to promote competition in the American economy, which will lower prices for families, increase wages for workers, and promote innovation and even faster economic growth.
- Army Information Technology – U.S. Army Regulation(25–1) -2019 - This regulation establishes policies and assigns responsibilities for information management (IM), data management, and Information Technology (IT), to include platform IT (PIT) and operational technology. It provides policy for the planning, budgeting, governance, acquisition, and management of Army IT, personnel, equipment, funds, IT resources and supporting infrastructure, and services. Army organizations must adhere to basic principles throughout the information resource management (IRM) process.
- Ask Not What Your Country Can Do For You-John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address-1961 - We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans — born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage — and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
- Assessing Saudi Government’s Role in Killing of Jamal Khashoggi – 2021 - We have high confidence that the following individuals participated in, ordered, or were otherwise complicit in or responsible for the death of Jamal Khashoggi on behalf of Muhammad bin Salman. We do not know whether these individuals knew in advance that the operation would result in Khashoggi’s death.
- Autopsy Report of President John F. Kennedy - John Fitzgerald Kennedy 35th President of the United States May 29, 1917-November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy died on 22 November 1963. 1300 PM Autopsy Report of President John F. Kennedy [assicinated]
- Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018 - It is the policy of the United States to facilitate market-based private sector development and inclusive economic growth in less developed countries through the provision of credit, capital, and other financial support
- Bibliography of American Archeology : 1784-1906 - Archeology in the U.S. is rooted in the 1700s when European settlers encountered and were intrigued by ancient mounds and earthwork complexes. Systematic archeological recording and the creation of collections began later in the early and mid-1800s spearheaded by the American Philosophical Society, the American Antiquarian Society, and the Smithsonian Institution. Myths about ancient mound builders in the midwest and southeast also spurred archeological research, particularly as a science. During the 1800s, American archeology was linked closely with cultural anthropology, linguistics, and physical anthropology since Native Americans were seen as examples of what human life had been like in prehistoric times. Near the end of the 1800s, Worlds Fair and museum exhibitions displayed American Indian antiquities, and various investigators published accounts of their archeological discoveries. Unfortunately, the growing popular appeal of American archeology was accompanied by commercial demands for authentic prehistoric antiquities and the looting of artifacts from archeological sites for private use. Scientific investigators visited and reported on the destruction and looting of prominent ruins, such as Pecos in New Mexico. These descriptions were used to argue for federal action to protect archeological sites enacted in 1906.
- Biden-Harris Administration Proposes New Standards for National Electric Vehicle Charging Network in USA – 09/06/2022 - The Department of Commerce is supporting the build-out of the domestic EV charging supply chain and promoting foreign direct investment in American EV charging and supply equipment manufacturing
- Biden-Harris Administration’s Efforts to End HIV/AIDS- Fact Sheet (01/12/2022) - The Biden-Harris Administration remains committed to implementing the updated National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) announced last year and achieving the bipartisan goal of ending the HIV epidemic at home and abroad. The Administration is also releasing a new strategy to guide the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) globally.
- Bipartisan Infrastructure and Investment Jobs Act- $550 bn in new federal investment - The legislation includes around $550 billion in new federal investment in America’s roads and bridges, water infrastructure, resilience, internet, and more.
- Bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act-Fact Sheet – 02/08/2021 - eement on the details of a once-in-a-generation investment in our infrastructure, which was immediately taken up in the Senate for consideration.
- Building and Rebuilding Monuments to American Heroes- US Presidential Executive Order- 3/07/2020 - In recent weeks, in the midst of protests across America, many monuments have been vandalized or destroyed. Some local governments have responded by taking their monuments down. Among others, monuments to Christopher Columbus, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Francis Scott Key, Ulysses S. Grant, leaders of the abolitionist movement, the first all-volunteer African-American regiment of the Union Army in the Civil War, and American soldiers killed in the First and Second World Wars have been vandalized, destroyed, or removed.
- Business and Commercial Laws in the United States of America [USA] - Banking and Credit Laws Title 31, Subtitle IV, Chapter 53 of the United States Code (Monetary Transactions) Truth in Lending Act Amendments of 1995 Truth in Lending Class Action Relief Act of 1995 Truth in Savings Act Community Reinvestment Act
- Butler Law: Prohibiting the teaching of the Evolution Theory in all the Universities-1925 - AN ACT prohibiting the teaching of the Evolution Theory in all the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of Tennessee, which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, and to provide penalties for the violations thereof.
- Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment [USA] - Amendment XIV (1868) Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any
- Code of Laws of the United States- United States Code- U.S. Code- U.S.C.- USC - Codified and collected 54 Titles of Law. Titles 1–54, excepting Title 53, only “general and permanent” laws are codified in the United States Code. The U.S. Code was first published in 1926, subsequent main editions have been published every six
- Columbus’s letter to Luis De Sant Angel Announcing His Discovery -1493 - Therefore I hope that their Highnesses will decide upon the conversion of these people to our holy faith, to which they seem much inclined. I have already stated how I sailed one hundred and seven leagues along the sea-coast of Juana, in a straight line from west to east. I can therefore assert that this island is larger than England and Scotland together, since beyond these one hundred and seven leagues there remained at the west point two provinces where I did not go, one of which they call Avan, the home of men with tails.
- COMMENTARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES – J. STORY 1833 - Origin and Title to the Territory of the Colonies -Origin and Settlement of Virginia -Origin and Settlement of New-England, and Plymouth Colony - New-Hampshire
- Commerce Department-USA - Department of Commerce The Department of Commerce was originally created as the US Department of Commerce and Labor on February 14, 1903. It was subsequently renamed the Department of Commerce on March 4, 1913, as the bureaus and agencies specializing
- Commercial Space Guidelines-USA 2020 - The term “commercial,” for the purposes of this policy, refers to goods, services, or activities provided by private sector enterprises that bear a reasonable portion of the investment risk and responsibility for the activity, operate in accordance with typical market-based incentives for controlling cost and optimizing return on investment, and have the legal capacity to offer those goods or services to existing or potential non-governmental customers.
- Constitution of Texas - Humbly invoking the blessings of Almighty God, the people of the State of Texas, do ordain and establish this Constitution.
- Constitution of the State of Kosrae -1995 - To confirm our oneness, to preserve our natural riches, to renew our pride, to fortify our strengths, to meet our concerns, to guard our aspirations, and to enable our determination, WE, THE PEOPLE OF KOSRAE, give life to and establish this Constitution
- Constitution of the United States of America 1787 - Preamble We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our
- Constitution of the United States of America [Original version-1789] - We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
- Constitution of USA-[Version-1841] - This Constitution and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made under authority of the United Slates shall be the Supreme Law of the Land: and the Judges in every Stale shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or Laws any Stile to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned and the members of the several State Legislatures and a Executive and Judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.
- Continental Association 1774 - A compact made by the American colonies to impose economic sanctions against Great Britain. Thursday, October 20, 1774. The Association being copied, was read, and signed at the table, and is as follows: We, his Majesty’s most loyal
- Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act or the CARES Act- Bill Summary - Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act or the CARES Act-This bill responds to the COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak and its impact on the economy, public health, state and local governments, individuals, and businesses.
- Court and Constitutional Interpretation - "The representative system of government has been adopted in several states of Europe," he remarked, "but I am unaware that any nation of the globe has hitherto organized a judicial power in the same manner as the Americans. . . . A more imposing judicial power was never constituted by any people."
- Court of Chancery- State of Delaware USA - In today's practice, the litigation in the Court of Chancery consists largely of corporate matters, trusts, estates, and other fiduciary matters, disputes involving the purchase and sale of land, questions of title to real estate, and commercial and contractual matters in general. When issues of fact to be tried by a jury arise, the Court of Chancery may order such facts to trial by issues at the Bar of the Superior Court.
- Courts in the United States - U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Courts of Appeals First Circuit Second Circuit Third Circuit Fourth Circuit Fifth Circuit Sixth Circuit Seventh Circuit Eighth Circuit Ninth Circuit Tenth Circuit Eleventh Circuit District of Columbia Circuit Federal Circuit U.S. District
- Crimes and Criminal laws in the United States of America[USA] - Title 18—Crimes And Criminal Procedure; and Appendix TITLE 18—Front Matter PART I—CRIMES (sections 1 to 2725) PART II—CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (sections 3001 to 3742) PART III—PRISONS AND PRISONERS (sections 4001 to 4353) PART IV—CORRECTION OF YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS (sections 5001 to 5042)
- Cyber Threats to Elections: a Lexicon (2018) - This reference aid draws on CTIIC’s experience promoting interagency situational awareness and information sharing during previous significant cyber events—including cyber threats to elections. It provides a guide to cyber threat terms and related terminology issues likely to arise when describing cyber activity. The document includes a range of cyber-specific terms that may be required to accurately convey intelligence on a cyber threat event and terms that have been established by relevant authorities regarding technical infrastructure for conducting elections.
- DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS (SUIT) IN AMERICA - 28 U.S. Code Chapter 151 – DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS § 2201 - Creation of remedy (a) In a case of actual controversy within its jurisdiction, except with respect to Federal taxes other than actions brought under section 7428 of the Internal
- Defending democracy remains our urgent charge today : US Attorney General Merrick B. Garland (29/05/2022) - There is one particular reason that makes my call to public service especially urgent for your generation. It is an urgency that should move each of you, regardless of the career you choose. It is the urgent need to defend democracy.
- Deputy Attorney General(USA) Lisa O. Monaco’s Address at ABA’s 36th National Institute on White Collar Crime (28/10/2021) - recognize that cases against corporate executives are among some of the most difficult that the department brings, and that means the government may lose some of those cases. But I have and will continue to make clear to our prosecutors that, as long as we act consistent with the Principles of Federal Prosecution, the fear of losing should not deter them. As set forth in the Justice Manual, a prosecutor should commence a case if he or she believes that a putative defendant’s conduct constitutes a federal offense, and that the admissible evidence will probably be sufficient to obtain and sustain a conviction. So long as those principles are followed, we will urge prosecutors to be bold in holding accountable those who commit criminal conduct.
- Difference between Murder and Manslaughter under the USA Law - (a) Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought. Every murder perpetrated by poison, lying in wait, or any other kind of willful, deliberate, malicious, and premeditated killing; or committed in the perpetration of, or attempt
- Digital Millennium Copyright Act-1998 [USA] - WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act of 1998 - Amends Federal copyright law to grant copyright protection to: (1) sound recordings that were first fixed in a treaty party (a country or intergovernmental organization other than the United States that is a party to specified international copyright and other agreements); and (2) pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works incorporated in a building or other structure or an architectural work embodied in a building located in the United States or a treaty party.
- District court’s original jurisdiction of civil action by an alien for a tort-28 U.S.C. § 1350 – Alien’s action for tort - the term 'extrajudicial killing' means a deliberated killing not authorized by a previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples. Such term, however, does not include any such killing that, under international law, is lawfully carried out under the authority of a foreign nation.
- Draft resolution tabled before USA Congress on Condemning human rights violations and violations of religious freedom in India(21/06/2022) - condemns human rights violations and violations of international religious freedom in India, including those targeting Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Dalits, Adivasis, and other religious and cultural minorities;
- Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry Into U.S by Terrorists-U.S. Presidential Document-09/27/2017 - In Executive Order 13780 of March 6, 2017 (Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States), on the recommendations of the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General, I ordered a worldwide review of whether, and if so what, additional information would be needed from each foreign country to assess adequately whether their nationals seeking to enter the United States pose a security or safety threat. This was the first such review of its kind in United States history.
- Equality for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Individuals – EXECUTIVE ORDER (15/06/2022) - Supporting LGBTQI+ Students in our Nation’s Schools and Educational Institutions. The Secretary of Education shall establish a Working Group on LGBTQI+ Students and Families, which shall lead an initiative to address discrimination against LGBTQI+ students and strengthen supports for LGBTQI+ students and families.
- Excepting Administrative Law Judges From the Competitive Service in USA-10/07/2018 - Previously, appointments to the position of ALJ have been made through competitive examination and competitive service selection procedures. The role of ALJs, however, has increased over time and ALJ decisions have, with increasing frequency, become the final word of the agencies they serve. Given this expanding responsibility for important agency adjudications, and as recognized by the Supreme Court in Lucia, at least some—and perhaps all—ALJs are “Officers of the United States” and thus subject to the Constitution's Appointments Clause, which governs who may appoint such officials.
- Excluding Illegal Aliens From Apportionment Base Following 2020 Census - The President, by law, makes the final determination regarding the “whole number of persons in each State,” which determines the number of Representatives to be apportioned to each State, and transmits these determinations and accompanying census data to the Congress (2 U.S.C. 2a(a))
- Executive Order Establishing Office of Homeland Security and Homeland Security Council in US- 8/10/2001 - Executive Order Establishing the Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council; For Immediate Release Office of the Press Secretary October 8, 2001 Executive Order Establishing the Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council By the authority
- Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy-09/07/2021 - The American information technology sector has long been an engine of innovation and growth, but today a small number of dominant Internet platforms use their power to exclude market entrants, to extract monopoly profits, and to gather intimate personal information that they can exploit for their own advantage.
- Export-Import Bank of United States added new electronic System of Records under Privacy Act-1974 - The Export-Import Bank of the United States (EXIM) proposes to add a new electronic System of Records, EXIM CRM (Customer Relationship Management), subject to the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended. This notice is necessary to meet the requirements of the Privacy Act which is to publish in the Federal Register a notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency.
- Extradition Treaty Between the United States of America and the Republic of Albania (22/12/2020) - The Treaty would replace the extradition treaty between the United States and Albania, signed at Tirana on March 1, 1933. The Treaty follows generally the form and content of other extradition treaties recently concluded by the United States.
- Fact Sheet on Implement the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 - Today, President Biden signed an Executive Order to implement the semiconductor funding in the bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act of 2022. This legislation will lower the costs of goods, create high paying manufacturing jobs around the country, and ensure we make more critical technologies at home.
- Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure - These rules govern procedure in the United States courts of appeals. On its own or a party’s motion, a court of appeals may—to expedite its decision or for other good cause—suspend any provision of these rules in a particular case
- Federal Rules of Civil Procedure - March 2020 Edition Federal Rules of Civil Procedure[FRCP] govern the procedure in all civil actions and proceedings in the United States district courts, except as stated in Rule 81. They should be construed, administered, and employed by the court and
- Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure - These rules govern the procedure in all criminal proceedings in the United States district courts, the United States courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court of the United States. Proceedings not governed by these rules include: (A) the extradition and
- Federal Rules of Evidence - These rules apply to proceedings in United States courts. The specific courts and proceedings to which the rules apply, along with exceptions
- Federalism-Executive Order 13132 of August 4, 1999 - Federalism is rooted in the belief that issues that are not national in scope or significance are most appropriately addressed by the level of government closest to the people.
- First Economic Report : PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY-1962 - My first Economic Report is an appropriate occasion to re-emphasize my dedication to the principles of the Employment Act. As a declaration of national purpose and as a recognition of Federal responsibility, the Act has few parallels in the Nation's history.
- First State of the Union Address-Thomas Jefferson (1801) - Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, and navigation, the four pillars of our prosperity, are then most thriving when left most free to individual enterprise. Protection from casual embarrassments, however, may sometimes be seasonably interposed. If in the course of your observations or inquiries they should appear to need any aid within the limits of our constitutional powers, your sense of their importance is a sufficient assurance they will occupy your attention. We can not, indeed, but all feel an anxious solicitude for the difficulties under which our carrying trade will soon be placed. How far it can be relieved, otherwise than by time, is a subject of important consideration.
- First-Ever Pacific Partnership Strategy of USA (2022) - We will fulfill our historical commitments and strengthen our enduring relationships with the full Pacific Islands region, including our special relationship with the Republic of Palau, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia. W
- Florida K-20 Education Code - The State of Florida [USA] INDEX TITLE XLVIII K-20 EDUCATION CODE CHAPTER 1000 K-20 GENERAL PROVISIONS PART I : GENERAL PROVISIONS (ss. 1000.01-1000.08) PART II : SYSTEMWIDE DEFINITIONS (s. 1000.21) PART III : EDUCATIONAL COMPACTS (ss. 1000.31-1000.40) PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS 1000.01 The Florida
- FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION MODERIZATION ACT OF 1997 - -Except as otherwise specified, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to or a repeal of a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to that section or other provision of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.).
- FOP President Patrick Yoe’s letter in support of “Violent Incident Clearance and Technological Investigative Methods Act.” - In 2020, the United States saw the largest rise in homicides since the start of national record-keeping in 1960. Approximately 21,570 people were murdered in the United States in 2020—the most since 1995—a 29.4% increase over 2019. Additionally, the FBI estimates that 77% of all murders in the United States in 2020 were via firearms, up from 73% in 2019. At the same time that the murder rate rose, the clearance rate for murders fell significantly, from 61.4% in 2019 to 54.4% in 2020. In cities with a population above 250,000, the rate was even more dramatic, falling from 57.6% in 2019 to 47.3% in 2020.
- Formation of American Constitution-Historical Note - Eleven States having thus ratified the Constitution,14 the Continental Congress–which still functioned at irregular intervals–passed a resolution on September 13, 1788, to put the new Constitution into operation. The first Wednesday of January 1789 was fixed as the day for choosing presidential electors, the first Wednesday of February for the meeting of electors, and the first Wednesday of March (i.e. March 4, 1789) for the opening session of the new Congress. Owing to various delays, Congress was late in assembling, and it was not until April 30, 1789, that George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States.
- G-20, Remarks by U.S President at Press Conference in Rome, Italy-31/10/2021 - I found my one-on-one engagements with so many of the leaders, and the importance of strong, personal relationships never feels — it never ceases to amaze me when it’s — you’re looking at someone straight in the eye when you’re trying to get something done. They know me; I know them. We can get things done together.
- Generalized System of Preferences [USA] - On January 1, 1976, under the Trade Act of 1974 to promote economic growth in the developing countries a mechanism was created to provide duty-free goods to flow in the USA market from the designated beneficiary countries. under it the President
- GERALD P. MITCHELL v. WISCONSIN – 27/06/ 2019 - Whether a statute authorizing a blood draw from an unconscious motorist provides an exception to the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement.
- GRAND JURY PRACTISE: USA - At common law, a grand jury enjoyed a certain power to issue reports alleging non-criminal misconduct.
- Higher Education Opportunity Act-2008 - The president signed the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 into law on August 14, 2008. The nearly 1,200 page bill includes many new reporting requirements for institutions, grant programs for colleges and students, and provisions designed to lower the cost of a college education. It addresses simplifying the federal aid application, developing campus safety plans, and rules regarding relationships between higher education institutions and student lenders. The law also mandates studies on 24 topics, including articulation agreements, nursing school capacity, and the impact of student loan debt on public service-Rute Pinhel, Research Analyst II
- Hong Kong is no longer autonomous to get differential treatment-US President’s Executive Order [Text] - the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong (Hong Kong) is no longer sufficiently autonomous to justify differential treatment in relation to the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) under the particular United States laws and provisions thereof set out in this order. In late May 2020, the National People’s Congress of China announced its intention to unilaterally and arbitrarily impose national security legislation on Hong Kong.
- HOW TO BECOME CITIZEN OF AMERICA - Process A three-step process to get permanent residency Permanent residence (United States) status [Gren card] Reside five years a with 30 months physical presence Apply for Citizenship or Naturalisation Acts : Immigration and Nationality Act The Homeland Security Act (HSA) of 2002
- How to register a Historic Place in USA under National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 - The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation's historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America's historic and archeological resources.
- Human Rights Practices in Iran-A Report by U.S Dept of State-2006 - The judiciary is nominally independent from the executive and legislative branches but remained under the influence of executive and religious government authorities. The head of the judiciary is appointed by the Supreme Leader, who in turn appoints the head of the Supreme Court and the chief public prosecutor. According to the constitution, under the supervision of the head of the judiciary, the Court of Administrative Justice investigates the grievances of citizens with regard to government officials, organs, and statutes. I
- Human Rights Watch - Human Rights Watch is an American private NGO with its Headquarters at the Empire State Building in New York City, New York.
- Impeachment of President Trump for inciting an insurrection against US Government-13/01/2021 - Resolved, That Donald John Trump, President of the United States, is impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors and that the following article of impeachment be exhibited to the United States Senate: Article of impeachment exhibited by the House of Representatives of the United States of America in the name of itself and of the people of the United States of America, against Donald John Trump, President of the United States of America, in maintenance and support of its impeachment against him for high crimes and misdemeanors.
- Ingersoll’s Lecture on Thomas Paine - Thomas Paine was not rich, he was poor, and his father before him was poor, and he was raised a sailmaker, a very lowly profession, and yet that man became one of the mainstays of liberty in this world. At one time he was an excise man, like Burns. Burns was once—speak it softly—a gauger—and yet he wrote poems that will wet the cheek of humanity with tears as long as the world travels in its orb around the sun.
- International Trade (Anti-Dumping) - Foreign manufacturers engage in the practice of “dumping” when they export products to the U.S. at prices below the established domestic market price or when they ship excessive quantities of products that cannot be explained by normal market competition.
- Islands under the control of U.S. Dept of Interior - he Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) emerged from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) which the United States administered on behalf of the United Nations from 1947 until Palau, the last member of the TTPI to choose its own political future, became an independent country 1994.
- Joint Statement of the United States, the State of Israel, and the United Arab Emirates-FULL TEXT - President Donald Trump, accompanied by (From left), U.S. special envoy for Iran Brian Hook, Avraham Berkowitz, Assistant to the President and Special Representative for International Negotiations, U.S. Ambassador to Israel David Friedman, President Donald Trump's White House senior adviser Jared Kushner, and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, applaud in the Oval Office at the White House, Wednesday, Aug. 12, 2020, in Washington. Trump said on Thursday that the United Arab Emirates and Israel have agreed to establish full diplomatic ties.
- Judicial Accomplishments and Philosophy- President G. W. Bush (2008) - The lesson should be clear to every American: Judges matter. And that means the selection of good judges should be a priority for all of us. I appreciate that many people listening today and here in this room have worked hard to recruit more Americans to this cause. This work is in all our interests, because the truth of the matter is the belief in judicial restraint is shared by the vast majority of American citizens.
- Judicial Conference and national policy for the federal courts in USA - The Chief Justice of the United States is the presiding officer of the Judicial Conference. Membership is comprised of the chief judge of each judicial circuit, the Chief Judge of the Court of International Trade, and a district judge from each regional judicial circuit.
- Judicial Opinions, Statutes and Government Rules-Regulations are not Copyright Protected in United state of America [USA] - Wheaton vs Peter, 33 U.S, 991, 668 [1834] was the first copyright case in the United States till held good law and continuing as quoted in the recent decisions. Case Title Citation Year Vote Classification Subject Matter Opinions Statute Interpreted
- Jurisdiction of American Federal Court - Admiralty cases Cases involving securities and commodities regulation ,including takeovers of publicly held corporations Class action” cases Crimes under statutes enacted by congress Disputes between states Environmental regulation Federal constitutional issues Habeas corpus actions International trade law matters patent, copyright, and other intellectual property issues cases involving
- Landmark judgments delivered by Supreme Court of the United States [USA] - Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963) School sponsored reading of the Bible and recitation of the Lord’s Prayer in public schools is unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause. Ableman v. Booth, 62 U.S. 506 (1859) State Courts cannot
- Law Schools in the United States of America - Alphabetical List of the USA Law school Abraham Lincoln University School of Law Albany Law School of Union University Alexander Blewett III School of Law at the University of Montana American University Washington College of Law Appalachian School of Law
- Laws relating to USA Government - Title 4—Flag And Seal, Seat Of Government, And The States TITLE 4—Front Matter CHAPTER 1—THE FLAG (sections 1 to 10) CHAPTER 2—THE SEAL (sections 41 to 42) CHAPTER 3—SEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT (sections 71 to 73) CHAPTER 4—THE STATES (sections
- Legislative Report by Act – 2020 USA States - Legislative Report by Act – 2020 USA States Legislative Report by USA State 04/01/20
- List of All Courts in USA - Except in cases otherwise directed in this Constitution, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be coextensive with the state, under such restrictions and regulations, not repugnant to this Constitution, as may from time to time be prescribed by law, except where jurisdiction over appeals is vested in some inferior court, and made final therein; provided, that the supreme court shall have power to issue writs of injunction, habeas corpus, quo warranto, and such other remedial and original writs as may be necessary to give it a general superintendence and control of inferior jurisdictions
- List of Catholic Colleges and Universities in USA - List of Catholic Colleges and Universities Updated -2020 Alvernia University – Reading, PA – http://www.alvernia.edu Alverno College – Milwaukee, WI – http://www.alverno.edu Ancilla Domini College – Donaldson, IN – http://www.ancilla.edu Anna Maria College – Paxton, MA – http://www.annamaria.edu Aquinas College – Grand Rapids, MI – http://www.aquinas.edu Aquinas College – Nashville, TN
- List of US Federal Agencies - Administrative Conference of the United States Administrative Office of United States Courts Advisory Council on Historic Preservation African Development Foundation Agency for International Development
- Management of Internet Names and Addresses: US Department of Commerce - On July 1, 1997, as part of the Clinton Administration's Framework for Global Electronic Commerce,(1) the President directed the Secretary of Commerce to privatize the domain name system (DNS) in a manner that increases competition and facilitates international participation in its management.
- Martin Luther King’s “I Have A Dream Speech”[1963] - August 28, 1963 I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic
- Meaning of Immigrant under Immigration and Nationality Act -USA - The term “immigrant” means every alien except an alien who is within one of the following classes of nonimmigrant aliens— (A)(i) an ambassador, public minister, or career diplomatic or consular officer who has been accredited by a foreign government, recognized
- Meeting Between President Biden and President Macron-Joint Statement issued (01/12/2022) - The Presidents strongly condemn Russia’s illegal war of aggression against Ukraine and stress that intentionally targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure constitutes war crimes whose perpetrators must be held accountable. They also condemn and reject Russia’s illegal attempted annexation of sovereign Ukrainian territory, in clear violation of international law.
- Membership bylaws of Satellite Industry Association - The Association shall have three classes of members: Executive, Associate and Affiliate (members of the executive class hereinafter referred to as “Executive Members”; members of the associate class hereinafter referred to as “Associate Members”; members of the affiliate class herein referred to as “Affiliate Members”; and collectively the foregoing referred to as “Members”). The number of Executive Members shall be no fewer than three.
- Memorable Addresses of the Presidents of United States - “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”
- Memorandum for the Heads ofthe U.S Executive Departments and Agencies : Regulatory Freeze Pending Review - The President has asked me to communicate to each of you his plan for managing the Federal regulatory process at the outset of his Administration. In order to ensure that the President's appointees or designees have the opportunity to review any new or pending rules, at the direction of the President, I ask that you immediately take the following steps:
- Memorandum on Improving Cybersecurity of National Security, Department of Defense, and Intelligence Community Systems-USA-19/01/2022 - This memorandum sets forth requirements for National Security Systems (NSS) that are equivalent to or exceed the cybersecurity requirements for Federal Information Systems set forth within Executive Order 14028 of May 12, 2021 (Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity), and establishes methods to secure exceptions for circumstances necessitated by unique mission needs. Executive Order 14028 establishes that the Federal Government must improve its efforts to identify, deter, protect against, detect, and respond to malicious cyber campaigns and their actors through bold changes and significant investments in cybersecurity.
- Military Law in the USA - US MILITARY LAW Constitution of the United States: -Article 1, Section 8, Constitution of the United States – 1787: “The Congress shall have Power…To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces.” Statutes: -Chapter 47
- National Security United States of America - Foreign influence operations include covert actions by foreign governments intended to sow divisions in our society, undermine confidence in our democratic institutions, and otherwise affect political sentiment and public discourse to achieve strategic geopolitical objectives. Such operations are often empowered by modern technology that facilitates malicious cyber activity and covert or anonymous communications with U.S. audiences on a mass scale from abroad.
- Nixon Announcement of China Visit (1971) - Good evening: I have requested this television time tonight to announce a major development in our efforts to build a lasting peace in the world. As I have pointed out on a number of occasions over the past 3 years,
- No nation or person of conscience can ignore the voices of those crying out for liberty-‘Captive Nations Week’ Proclamation-2021 - As the world's longest-standing democracy, we carry a special responsibility to lead at home and abroad, not only by the example of our power, but by the power of our example—to prove to ourselves and to the world that democracy can deliver for all people.
- Official or official body - “Official or official body” means the officer or board of an issuer empowered under the laws of one or more states, territories, or possessions of the United States, including the District of Columbia and the State of Florida, to authorize
- OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LITIGANTS IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY - OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LITIGANTS IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY Court of Chancery- State of Delaware USA I. PLEADINGS AND SERVICE (1) Special Process Servers: The following uniform procedure applies to all persons serving process for Court of Chancery matters. i. All
- Papal political machinery and interest in United States by John Alberger-1871 - America is the promised land of the Jesuists. To obtain the ascendency they have no need of Swiss guards, or the assistance of the holy alliance, but a majority of votes, which can easily be obtained by the importation of Catholic voters from Ireland, Austria, and Bavaria.... I am not a politician, but knowing the active spirit of Jesuitism, and the indifference of the generality of Protestants, I have no doubt that in ten years the Jesuists will have a mighty influence over the ballot box, and in twenty will direct it according to pleasure. Now they fawn, in ten years they will menace, in twenty command
- Patent Eligibility Jurisprudence Study-Notice by Patent and Trademark Office USA – 07/09/2021 - At the request of Senators Tillis, Hirono, Cotton, and Coons, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is undertaking a study on the current state of patent eligibility jurisprudence in the United States, and how the current jurisprudence has impacted investment and innovation, particularly in critical technologies like quantum computing, artificial intelligence, precision medicine, diagnostic methods, and pharmaceutical treatments. The USPTO seeks public input on these matters to assist in preparing the study.
- Penal Law Offenses under the New York Penal Code - "Culpable mental state" means "intentionally" or "knowingly" or "recklessly" or with "criminal negligence," "Conduct" means an act or omission and its accompanying mental state. "Act" means a bodily movement. Conduct merely affording a person an opportunity to commit an offense does not constitute entrapment. "Voluntary act" means a bodily movement performed consciously as a result of effort or determination, and includes the possession of property if the actor was aware of his physical possession or control thereof for a sufficient period to have been able to terminate it. "Omission" means a failure to perform an act as to which a duty of performance is imposed by law. "To act" means either to perform an act or to omit to perform an act.
- Ph.D on Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology from Washington State University - Originally combined with Sociology, Anthropology became a separate department in 1966. At that time, cultural anthropology and archaeology were housed in separate buildings, across campus from each other. The first PhD was given in 1971. In the mid-1980s, the Anthropology Department moved into its current home in College Hall, in the center of campus. Since that time, all subdisciplines have shared the same building.
- Plain Writing Act of 2010-USA - USA Federal Law AN ACT To enhance citizen access to Government information and services by establishing that Government documents issued to the public must be written clearly, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
- Portions of Communications Decency Act are not constitutional-U.S. Supreme Court-26/06/1996 - This case involves the government's attempt to regulate a new technology that will serve as the basis for global communication in the twenty-first century. Unfortunately, Congress held no hearings about the nature of the Internet before it enacted the CDA. The sad but predictable result is that Congress drafted a statute that is both ineffective and unconstitutional, as the lower court found after engaging in the detailed factual inquiry that Congress chose not to do.
- Post Registration: Changes to Requirements for Maintaining Trademark Registrations in USA - The Trademark Law Treaty Implementation Act of 1998 (TLTIA), Pub. L. No. 105-330, 112 Stat. 3064 (15 U.S.C. §1051), changed the requirements for filing affidavits or declarations of continued use or excusable nonuse under §8 of the Act (§8 affidavits), 15 U.S.C. §1058, and renewal applications under §9 of the Act, 15 U.S.C. §1059, effective October 30, 1999.
- President Biden on the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (28/07/2022) - This bill has won the support of climate leaders like former Vice President Al Gore who said the bill is, quote, “long overdue and a necessary step to ensure the United States takes decisive action on the climate crisis that helps our economy and provides leadership for the world by example.”
- President Clinton transmitted National Security Strategy Report to Congress-4/1/2000 - America has done much over the past seven years to build a better world: aiding the remarkable transitions to free-market democracy in Eastern Europe; adapting and enlarging NATO to strengthen Europe's security; stopping ethnic wars in Bosnia and Kosovo; working with Russia to deactivate thousands of nuclear weapons from the former Soviet Union; ratifying START II and the Chemical Weapons Convention;
- President Joe Biden nominate Seema Nanda for Solicitor of the Department of Labor - Today, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Seema Nanda for Solicitor of the Department of Labor, Victoria Wassmer for Assistant Secretary at Budget and Programs and Chief Financial Officer at the Department of Transportation, Maryanne Donaghy for Assistant Secretary for Accountability and Whistleblower Protection at the Department of Veterans Affairs, Ronald Davis for Director of the United States Marshal Service, Jocelyn Samuels for Member of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and Gayle Conelly Manchin for Federal Co-Chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission.
- President Trump’s Cabinet - Established under Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution. The Cabinet’s role is to advise the President on any subject he may require relating to the duties of each member’s respective office. President Donald J. Trump’s Cabinet includes Vice President
- Presidential Memorandum on Developing a Sustainable Spectrum Strategy for America’s Future - It is the policy of the United States to use radiofrequency spectrum (spectrum) as efficiently and effectively as possible to help meet our economic, national security, science, safety, and other Federal mission goals now and in the future. To best achieve this policy, the Nation requires a balanced, forward-looking, flexible, and sustainable approach to spectrum management.
- Press Briefing by USA Press Secretary Jen Psaki-01/10/2021 - Yesterday, HHS, Treasury, Labor, and OPM issued new consumer protections against surprise medical bills. Specifically, the rule is designed to lower healthcare costs, prevent hospitals and doctors from taking advantage of their market power, advance healthcare price transparency, and expand people’s ability to dispute claims denied by their health plan.
- Press Briefing by White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki-10/01/2022 - MS. PSAKI: Well, we continue to closely monitor the situation, and we continue to support dialogue and peaceful resolution of these border disputes. We’ve been pretty clear how we view Beijing’s behavior in the region and around the world. We believe it can be destabilizing. And we’re concerned by the PRC’s attempt to intimidate its neighbors.
- Press Call on Russia Sanctions by USA Administrative Officer-22/02/2022 - Yogether with our Allies, we’ve also cut off the Russian government, the Russian Central Bank, and its sovereign wealth funds from U.S. financing. Europe has taken a very similar measure. That means the Kremlin can no longer raise money from the U.S. and Europe, and its new debt can no longer trade in U.S. or European markets.
- Press Conference of President Trump on North Korea in Vietnam 2019 - On February 28, 2019, President Donald Trump held a press conference with hundreds of reporters in Hanoi, Vietnam, after his historic discussions with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un ended without a deal. Thank you, prime minister and president of
- PROCEDURE FOR MILITARY EXECUTIONS IN USA 1959 - A medical officer will be officially designated to be in attendance upon the execution. It will be his duty to determine the extinction of life in the prisoner and to make pronouncement thereof. He will furnish a death certificate to accompany the report of execution.
- Progress of medical education in the United States after the Civil War - Between 1871 and 1893 these two forces, the German-trained physicians and ascendance of the university, acted to produce a profound change in American medical education at four universities: Harvard, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Johns Hopkins.
- Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government-US Executive Order-03/12/2020 - Executive Order 13960 of December 3, 2020 Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is
- Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into United States[EO 13780 of March 6, 2017] - Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1101 et
- Provisions under The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act 2006 (UIGEA) [USA] - 31 U.S. Code Subchapter IV – PROHIBITION ON FUNDING OF UNLAWFUL INTERNET GAMBLING The text 5361 – Congressional findings and purpose a)Findings.—Congress finds the following: (1) Internet gambling is primarily funded through personal use of payment system instruments, credit cards,
- PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS- NEVADA - An owner or keeper of any hotel, inn, motel, motor court, boardinghouse or lodging house in this State is not civilly liable for the theft, loss, damage or destruction of any property brought by a patron upon the premises or left in a motor vehicle upon the premises because of theft, burglary, fire or otherwise, in the absence of gross neglect by the owner or keeper.
- Public Entity - “Public entity” means any entity, department, or agency which is empowered under the laws of one or more states, territories, or possessions of the United States, including the District of Columbia and the State of Florida, to issue obligations, any
- Recall of Legislators and the Removal of Members of Congress from Office-Jack Maskell - Under the United States Constitution and congressional practice, Members of Congress may have their services ended prior to the normal expiration of their constitutionally established terms of office by their resignation or death, or by action of the house of Congress in which they are a Member by way of an “expulsion,” or by a finding that in accepting a subsequent “incompatible” public office, the Member would be deemed to have vacated his congressional seat.
- Recognizing Sovereignty of Kingdom of Morocco Over Western Sahara by USA - The United States affirms, as stated by previous Administrations, its support for Morocco's autonomy proposal as the only basis for a just and lasting solution to the dispute over the Western Sahara territory. Therefore, as of today, the United States recognizes Moroccan sovereignty over the entire Western Sahara territory and reaffirms its support for Morocco's serious, credible, and realistic autonomy proposal as the only basis for a just and lasting solution to the dispute over the Western Sahara territory.
- Records Management by Federal Agencies (44 U.S.C. Chapter 31) under Federal Records Act of 1950 - The head of each Federal agency shall make and preserve records containing adequate and proper documentation of the organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, and essential transactions of the agency and designed to furnish the information necessary to protect the legal and financial rights of the Government and of persons directly affected by the agency’s activities.
- Reforming Incarceration System to Eliminate the Use of Privately Operated Criminal Detention Facilities-EO of US President-26/01/2021 - Policy. More than two million people are currently incarcerated in the United States, including a disproportionate number of people of color. There is broad consensus that our current system of mass incarceration imposes significant costs and hardships on our society and communities and does not make us safer. To decrease incarceration levels, we must reduce profit-based incentives to incarcerate by phasing out the Federal Government’s reliance on privately operated criminal detention facilities.
- Remarks of US VP Kamala Harris to U.S. and Polish Troops – 11/03/2022 - We talked about the fact that Poland joined NATO in 1999. And since 2014, the United States made a commitment to our friends in Poland to support you. And that’s when we first sent troops on a rotational basis, averaging about 5,000, and then over the course of the last couple of months, another 4,700 to stand with you in the alliance that is the NATO Alliance.
- Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks On US: 9/11 Commission Report - September 11, 2001, was a day of unprecedented shock and suffering in the history of the United States. The nation was unprepared. How did this happen, and how can we avoid such tragedy again?
- Republican Party Platform 2016 - We are the party of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The Declaration sets forth the fundamental precepts of American government: That God bestows certain inalienable rights on every individual, thus producing human equality
- Requiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Federal Employees-Executive Order -09/09/2021 - Each agency shall implement, to the extent consistent with applicable law, a program to require COVID-19 vaccination for all of its Federal employees, with exceptions only as required by law. The Task Force shall issue guidance within 7 days of the date of this order on agency implementation of this requirement for all agencies covered by this order.
- Requiring Gold Coin, Gold Bullion and Gold Certificates to Be Delivered to Government of America – 5/04/1933 - Executive Order 6102 April 5, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt President of the United States of America By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, as amended by Section 2
- Rights of a federal crime victim in America [USA] - KEYWORDS: Victims Rights A FEDERAL CRIME VICTIM HAS THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS: Under Crime Victims Rights Act of 2004, 18 U.S.C. § 3771. The right to be reasonably protected from the accused. The right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any
- Rules of Procedure U.S House of Representative Committee of the Judiciary - The Rules of the House of Representatives are the rules of the Committee on the Judiciary and its Subcommittees with the following specific additions thereto.
- Safe Policing for Safe Communities Executive Order of US President- 06/19/2020 - The Attorney General shall create a database to coordinate the sharing of information between and among Federal, State, local, tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies concerning instances of excessive use of force related to law enforcement matters, accounting for applicable privacy and due process rights.
- Security assistance of $7.6 bn by Biden Administration – Fact Sheet on U.S. Assistance to Ukraine (05/07/2022) - The United States has committed approximately $7.6 billion in security assistance to Ukraine since the beginning of the Biden Administration, including approximately $6.9 billion since the beginning of Russia's unprovoked invasion on February 24.
- Sovereignty and maritime rights in the SCS are backed by history and law: China - On July 13 local time, US Secretary of State Pompeo issued a statement saying that China's maritime claims in the South China Sea have no basis in international law. The US urges relevant countries to reject China's maritime rights claims. The statement also says the Arbitral Tribunal's decision is legally binding on both China and the Philippines.
- Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion-US Presidential Memo-2020 - National Security Presidential Memorandum-20 (NSPM-20) of August 20, 2019 (Launch of Spacecraft Containing Space Nuclear Systems), updated the process for launches of spacecraft containing space nuclear systems. It established it as the policy of the United States to “develop and use space nuclear systems when such systems safely enable or enhance space exploration or operational capabilities.”
- Speech by President of Finland Sauli Niinistö at a Joint Session at Washington State Capitol (06/03/2023) - Europe needs the United States. But the United States also needs Europe. Together we have built and upheld the post World War II international institutions and order. From the United Nations to Bretton Woods. And together we will continue to uphold and revitalize this order, also after this war.
- Speech of US President at General Debate of 75th Session of UNGA 2020 - Every year China dumps millions and millions of tons of plastic and trash into the oceans, overfishes other countries' waters, destroys vast swaths of coral reef, and emits more toxic mercury into the atmosphere than any country anywhere in the world.
- Statement by President Joe Biden on Afghanistan-30/08/2021 - The Taliban has made commitments on safe passage and the world will hold them to their commitments. It will include ongoing diplomacy in Afghanistan and coordination with partners in the region to reopen the airport allowing for continued departure for those who want to leave and delivery of humanitarian assistance to the people of Afghanistan.
- Statement by the President Clinton on US National Debt-31/01/2000 - According to the latest numbers from the Department of the Treasury, we will pay down $152 billion in debt in the three months from April to June -- the largest debt pay down in our nation's history. By the end of this fiscal year, we will have repaid approximately $300 billion in debt. If we continue on this path of fiscal discipline, we can pay off our national debt for the first time since Andrew Jackson was President.
- Statement of Islamic Emirate concerning US visa offer encouraging Afghan exodus-04/08/2021 - the American occupation as interpreters and in other sectors is plain interference in our country which the Islamic Emirate condemns.
- Statement of US President on the NATO Summit- 25/02/ 2022 - As I said yesterday, the United States will defend every inch of NATO territory. Our commitment to Article 5 is ironclad. I have ordered the deployment of additional forces to augment our capabilities in Europe to support our NATO Allies.
- Strengthening the Nation’s Forests, Communities, and Local Economies-Executive Order-22/04/2022 - Strengthening America’s forests, which are home to cherished expanses of mature and old-growth forests on Federal lands, is critical to the health, prosperity, and resilience of our communities — particularly in light of the threat of catastrophic wildfires. Forests provide clean air and water, sustain the plant and animal life fundamental to combating the global climate and biodiversity crises, and hold special importance to Tribal Nations. We go to these special places to hike, camp, hunt, fish, and engage in recreation that revitalizes our souls and connects us to history and nature.
- Summary of Antitrust Law in USA - Antitrust laws protect competition. Free and open competition benefits consumers by ensuring lower prices and new and better products. In a freely competitive market, each competing business generally will try to attract consumers by cutting its prices and increasing the quality of its products or services.
- Summary of International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 - International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 - Declares it to be U.S. policy to: (1) condemn violations of religious freedom, and to promote, and to assist other governments in the promotion of, the fundamental right to freedom of religion; and (2) seek to channel U.S. security and development assistance to governments that are found not to be engaged in gross violations of the right to freedom of religion.
- Summary of the High Value Terrorist Detainee Program in USA-18/04/2007 - Since 9/11, we have been engaged in a struggle against an elusive enemy; terrorists work in the shadows, relying on secrecy and the element of surprise to maximize the impact of their attacks. Timely and accurate intelligence is crucial to success in the War on Terrorism. One of the key tools in this war has been the information we have gleaned from the terrorists themselves. Detainees who have been in the inner circle of al-Qa'ida , occupying some of the most important positions in that organization, hold information that simply cannot be obtained from any other source.
- Supreme Court of the United States - Supreme Court of the United States- The Court adjudicates original or appellate jurisdiction cases arising under the Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made under their authority; cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; cases of admiralty and maritime law; controversies in which the United States is a party; and cases arising between one state and citizens of another state, two or more states, citizens of different states, citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, or between a state or its citizens and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.
- Testimony of Pierre Kory, MD-“Focus on Early Treatment of COVID-19”- Dec 8, 2020 - In the last 3-4 months, emerging publications provide conclusive data on the profound efficacy of the anti-parasite, anti-viral drug, anti-inflammatory agent called ivermectin in all stages of the disease. Our protocol was created only recently, after we identified these data. Nearly all studies are demonstrating the therapeutic potency and safety of ivermectin in preventing transmission and progression of illness in nearly all who take the drug.
- Text of Joint Statement of the United States and Japan (13/01/2023) - Our security Alliance has never been stronger. The two leaders reaffirmed that the Alliance remains the cornerstone of peace, security, and prosperity of the Indo-Pacific. President Biden reiterated the unwavering commitment of the United States to the defense of Japan under Article V of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security, using its full range of capabilities, including nuclear. He also reaffirmed that Article V applies to the Senkaku Islands.
- Text of New York City Mayor Eric Adam’s Emergency Executive Order 224 (07/10/2022) - THEREFORE, pursuant to the powers vested in me by the laws of the State of New York and the City of New York, including but not limited to the New York Executive Law, the New York City Charter and the Administrative Code of the City of New York, and the common law authority to protect the public in the event of an emergency
- Text of the US President Biden’s State of the Union Address – 245th year as a nation - . Six days ago, Russia’s Vladimir Putin sought to shake the very foundations of the free world, thinking he could make it bend to his menacing ways. But he badly miscalculated. He thought he could roll into Ukraine and the world would roll over. Instead, he met with a wall of strength he never anticipated or imagined. He met the Ukrainian people.
- The American’s Creed [1918] - by William Tyler Page I believe in the United States of America as a government of the people, by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed, a democracy in a
- THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION [ 1777] - To all to whom these Presents shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting. Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts-bay Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut,
- The Declaration of Independence [ of America 1776] - of the Thirteen Colonies In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776 The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected
- The Establishment Clause And Public Schools - Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38, 53 (1985) as held:- “The individual freedom of conscience protected by the First Amendment embraces the right to select
- The Jay Treaty-1794-96: Signed Between United States and Great Britain - The Jay Treaty-1794-96-On November 19, 1794 representatives of the United States and Great Britain signed Jay’s Treaty, which sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries that had been left unresolved since American independence.
- The Laws and Rules of Securities Industry United States[SEC] - What is security:- The term ‘‘security’’ means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, security-based swap, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a ‘‘security’’, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.
- The Laws of the Game-Football Association (1877) - The maximum length of the ground shall be 200 yards, minimum length 100 yards; maximum breadth 100 yards, minimum breadth 50 yards. The length and breadth shall be marked off with flags; and the goals shall be upright posts, eight yards apart, with a tape or bar across them, eight feet from the ground.
- The Monroe Doctrine [ USA 1823] - Keywords: Policy of the United States from President James Monroe’s seventh annual message to Congress, December 2, 1823: At the proposal of the Russian Imperial Government, made through the minister of the Emperor residing here, a full power and instructions have been
- The Uniform Code of Military Justice-USA - 10 U.S.C.United States Code, 2020 Edition Title 10 – ARMED FORCESSubtitle A – General Military LawPART II – PERSONNELCHAPTER 47 – UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICESUBCHAPTER I – GENERAL PROVISIONSSec. 801 – Article 1. Definitions §801. Article 1. Definitions In
- The USA National HIV/AIDS Strategy (2022–2025) - The Strategy and the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) initiative are closely aligned and complementary. They have the common goal of reducing new HIV transmissions in the United States by 75% by 2025 and by 90% by 2030. The Strategy is the broader, overarching national plan that extends across many federal departments and encompasses the entire nation.
- Tibetan Policy Act of 2001 - The People's Republic of China has failed to respond to efforts by the United States and others to initiate a dialogue between the Chinese leadership and the Dalai Lama or his representatives leading to a mutually beneficial negotiated solution with respect to Tibet.
- TikTok-President Trump`s Executive Order on banning it and Chinese reaction(Text) - TikTok, a video-sharing mobile application owned by the Chinese company ByteDance Ltd., has reportedly been downloaded over 175 million times in the United States and over one billion times globally. TikTok automatically captures vast swaths of information from its users, including Internet and other network activity information such as location data and browsing and search histories. This data collection threatens to allow the Chinese Communist Party access to Americans’ personal and proprietary information — potentially allowing China to track the locations of Federal employees and contractors, build dossiers of personal information for blackmail, and conduct corporate espionage.
- To define the dollar as a fixed weight of gold’- A Bill Introduced in US Congress – 03/22/2018 - following the date of enactment of this Act, the United States Government shall take timely and reasonable steps to disclose all of its holdings of gold, together with a contemporaneous report of any United States governmental purchases or sales, thus enhancing the ability of the market and of market participants to arrive at the fixed dollar-gold parity in an orderly fashion.
- Top Media Companies in America - 1. NBC/Universal, with an annual revenue around 160 billion, owns all the NBC stations, CNBC, MSNBC, numerous cable channels including USA networks, Bravo, E!, the Weather Channel, and the movie studio Universal Pictures. As of 2013, the biggest cable operator
- Torts Law in the State of Florida - Title XLV TORTS Chapter 766 MEDICAL MALPRACTICE AND RELATED MATTERS 766.101 Medical review committee, immunity from liability. 766.1015 Civil immunity for members of or consultants to certain boards, committees, or other entities. 766.1016 Patient safety data privilege. 766.102 Medical negligence; standards of recovery; expert
- Treaties Between the U.S. and Mexico on boundary and water - The Treaty of November 23, 1970 resolved all pending boundary differences and provided for maintaining the Rio Grande and the Colorado River as the international boundary. The Rio Grande was reestablished as the boundary throughout its 1,255-mile limitrophe section. The Treaty includes provisions for restoring and preserving the character of the Rio Grande as the international boundary where that character has been lost, to minimize changes in the channel, and to resolve problems of sovereignty that might arise due to future changes in the channel of the Rio Grande.
- U.S Commodity Futures Trading Commission amended its regulations governing bankruptcy proceedings of commodity brokers- 13/04/2021 - The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “Commission”) is amending its regulations governing bankruptcy proceedings of commodity brokers. The amendments are meant comprehensively to update those regulations to reflect current market practices and lessons learned from past commodity broker bankruptcies.
- U.S Mint proposes to revise rule relating to exchange of uncurrent, bent, partial, fused, and mixed coins-05/05/2021 - The Treasury Regulations appearing at 31 CFR part 100, subpart C, are promulgated under 31 U.S.C. 5120, and relate to the exchange of uncurrent, bent, partial, fused, and mixed coins. The last amendment to 31 CFR part 100, subpart C, was on December 20, 2017. Since then, the United States Mint has identified additional portions of the regulations in need of revision to further enhance the integrity of the redemption process for bent and partial United States coins.
- U.S President Biden imposes sanction in Response to Coup in Burma - Imposing new sanctions on military individuals and entities: Today, President Biden launched a new sanctions regime targeting the Burmese military and its leaders, as well as their business interests. The U.S. Department of the Treasury designated 10 individuals and three entities for their association with the military apparatus responsible for the coup. Among these individuals are six members of the National Defense and Security Council, including Commander-in-Chief of the Burmese military forces Min Aung Hlaing and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Burmese military forces Soe Win, as well as four members of the State Administration Council.
- U.S strategy towards sub-saharan Africa-08/08/2022 - This strategy represents a new approach, emphasizing and elevating the issues that will further embed Africa’s position in shaping our hared future. It resolves to press for the necessary resources and prize innovation in our efforts to trengthen vital partnerships. The United States will both address immediate crises and threats, and seek to connect short-term efforts with the longer-term imperative of bolstering Africa’s capabilities to solve global problems. The strategy’s strength lies in its determination to graduate from policies that inadvertently treat sub- Saharan Africa as a world apart and have struggled to keep pace with the profound transformations across the continent and the world.
- U.S. – Guatemala Cooperation-2021 - Today, the Department of Justice will file a brief in the Supreme Court in the case United States v. Vaello-Madero, which addresses whether a provision in the Social Security Act that declines to provide Puerto Rico residents with Supplemental Security Income (SSI) violates the Constitution’s equal protection principle.
- U.S. Code: Title 28 – JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE [USA] - KEYWORDS:-AMERICAN LAW-USA CODE- PART I – ORGANIZATION OF COURTS (§§ 1 to 482) PART II – DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (§§ 501 to 599B) PART III – COURT OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES (§§ 601 to 998) PART IV – JURISDICTION AND VENUE
- U.S. Dept of Treasury bans high ranking officers of Bangladesh(RAB), DPRK, Burma-10/12/2021 - Additionally, the following individuals are designated pursuant to E.O. 13818 for being foreign persons who are or have been a leader or official of RAB, an entity that has engaged in, or whose members have engaged in, serious human rights abuse relating to their tenure: Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun, Director General, RAB, April 15, 2020 to present Benazir Ahmed, former Director General, RAB, January 2015 to April 14, 2020 Khan Mohammad Azad, Additional Director General (Operations), RAB, March 16, 2021 to present Tofayel Mustafa Sorwar, former Additional Director General (Operations), RAB, June 27, 2019 to March 16, 2021 Mohammad Jahangir Alam, former Additional Director General (Operations), RAB, September 17, 2018 to June 27, 2019 Mohammad Anwar Latif Khan, former Additional Director General (Operations), RAB, April 28, 2016 to September 17, 2018
- U.S. Presidential Documents – Executive Orders - An executive order is an edict issued by a member of the executive branch of a government, usually the head of that branch. The term is mostly used by the United States Government. In other countries, similar edicts may be known as decrees, or orders-in-council.
- U.S.-Japan Climate Partnership on Ambition, Decarbonization, and Clean Energy -18/4/2021 - U.S.-Japan Climate Partnership on Ambition, Decarbonization, and Clean Energy The United States and Japan, committed to enhancing cooperation on climate ambition, decarbonization, and clean energy, will lead on climate action in the international community, towards the April 22-23 Leaders' Summit on Climate, COP26, and beyond.
- Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999)-USA - This [Act] applies to any electronic record or electronic signature created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored on or after the effective date of this Act- “Transaction” means an action or set of actions occurring between two or more persons relating to the conduct of business, commercial, or governmental affairs.
- United State’s diplomatic relations with Turkmenistan-1992 - Strategically located alongside Afghanistan and Iran, Turkmenistan plays an important role in advancing regional integration, security and prosperity across South and Central Asia. With abundant natural resources, Turkmenistan holds the potential to overcome economic and development challenges linked to years
- United States Courts: M.L Gray - A court of common pleas, consisting of a competent number of judges, commissioned by the Governor, was required to be held in each of said districts, to hold pleas of assize, scire facias replevins, and hear and determine all manner of pleas, suits, actions and causes, civil, personal, real and mixed according to law.
- United States currently has 14 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) - Currently, the United States has 14 FTAs with 20 countries. FTAs can help your company to enter and compete more easily in the global marketplace through zero or reduced tariffs and other provisions. While the specifics of each FTA vary, they generally provide for the reduction of trade barriers and the creation of a more predictable and transparent trading and investment environment. This makes it easier and cheaper for U.S. companies to export their products and services to trading partner markets.
- United States District Court in Washington on Tuesday approved the blockbuster merger between AT&T and Time Warner, rebuffing the government’s effort to stop the deal - June 12, 2018 -WASHINGTON —Federal judge Richard J. Leon of United States District Court in Washington on Tuesday approved the blockbuster merger between AT&T and Time Warner, rebuffing the government’s effort to stop the $85.4 billion deal, in a decision
- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA vs USAMA BIN LADEN-15/03/2000 - Defendants are charged with numerous offenses arising out of their alleged involvement with an international terrorist organization led by Defendant Usama Bin Laden (“Bin Laden”). Presently before the Court are four motions, filed by Defendants Wadih El Hage (“El Hage”), Mamdouh Mahmud Salim (“Salim”), Mohamed Sadeek Odeh (“Odeh”), and Khalfan Khamis Mohamed (“K.K. Mohamed”) seeking an order compelling the Government to file a bill of particulars that is responsive to over 150 separate requests for information. For the reasons set forth below, those motions are granted in part and denied in part.
- United States v. Mariia Butina-Mariia Butina Plea Agreement (2018)-U.S. Department of Justice - Your client agrees that the attached “Statement of Offense” fairly and accurately describes your client’s actions and involvement in the offense to which your client is pleading guilty. Please have your client sign and return the Statement of Offense as a written proffer of evidence, along with this Agreement.
- United States-Israel Security Assistance Authorization Act of 2018 - On August 16, 2007, the United States and Israel signed a 10-year Memorandum of Understanding on United States military assistance to Israel. The total assistance over the course of this understanding would equal $30 billion.
- University of Chicago Law School - Applicants have the option of submitting the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), Graduate Record Examination (GRE), or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) (if applicable – see below for details) as part of the Law School’s pilot program. You must have
- US federal courts’ equity jurisdiction - Equity The framers of the Constitution granted the federal courts jurisdiction over both common-law actions and suits in equity. Equity was a centuries-old system of English jurisprudence in which judges based decisions on general principles of fairness in situations
- US Freedom of Information Act-Sec 552 – Public information; agency rules, opinions, orders, records, and proceedings - Except to the extent that a person has actual and timely notice of the terms thereof, a person may not in any manner be required to resort to, or be adversely affected by, a matter required to be published in the Federal Register and not so published. For the purpose of this paragraph, matter reasonably available to the class of persons affected thereby is deemed published in the Federal Register when incorporated by reference therein with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register.
- US has been politicizing, weaponizing and instrumentalizing COVID origins-tracing-China (09/03/2023) - For some time now, the US has been politicizing, weaponizing and instrumentalizing COVID origins-tracing for many months. It has let a matter of science be dominated by lawmakers and the intelligence community and spread myths such as the “lab leak” theory without any evidence to discredit and attack China. This has seriously poisoned the atmosphere for science-based global origins-tracing and been perceived by people in the rest of the world.
- US House Intelligence Committee Releases Whistleblower Complaint - House Representatives`impeachment Inquiry
- US National Space Policy-Presidential Policy Directive-9/12/2020 - As established in international law, outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. The United States will pursue the extraction and utilization of space resources in compliance with applicable law, recognizing those resources as critical for sustainable exploration, scientific discovery, and commercial operations.
- US Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2022 - The admission of up to 125,000 refugees to the United States during Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 is justified by humanitarian concerns or is otherwise in the national interest.
- US presidential proclamation designating 18/04/78 as “Education Day” - Whereas world Jewry marked in 1977 the seventy-fifth birthday of the revered and renowned Jewish leader, the head of the worldwide Lubavitch Movement, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who proclaimed on that occasion a "Year of Education*'; and Whereas the seventy-sixth birthday of this celebrated spiritual leader will occur on April 18, 1978, thus concluding the year of Lubavitch Movement activities dedicated to the "Year of Education" and the Lubavitcher Rebbe's milestone birthday
- US Proclamation on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, And Intersex – 31/05/2022 - NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim June 2022 as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Pride Month.
- US senators moved a bill in Senate to assess Pakistan’s role in Taliban Afghan occupation- - On April 14, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden announced the unconditional withdrawal of United States Armed Forces from Afghanistan after 20 years of conflict. United States troop withdrawals led to the rapid collapse of the democratically elected Government of Afghanistan, effectively ended prospects for a negotiated settlement, threaten to reverse the hard-earned rights of Afghanistan’s women and youth, and created dangerous sanctuary space for potential terrorist attacks against the United States and allies and partners of the United States.
- US Supreme Court derecognized constitutional right by overturning Roe vs Wade – President Biden (24/06/2022) - It reaffirmed basic principles of equality — that women have the power to control their own destiny. And it reinforced the fundamental right of privacy — the right of each of us to choose how to live our lives. Now, with Roe gone, let’s be very clear: The health and life of women in this nation are now at risk.
- USA FEDERAL PROSECUTIONS IN WHICH THE DEATH PENALTY MAY BE SOUGHT - Federal death penalty procedure is based on the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 The death penalty procedures introduced by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, codified in Title 21, were repealed on March 6, 2006, when President Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005.
- USA Has Rejected Globalism and Embraced Patriotism: Trump - Globalization has made the financial elites who donate to politicians very wealthy, but it’s left millions and millions of our workers with nothing but poverty and heartache—and our towns and cities with empty factories and plants.
- USA Immigration Laws - Laws and Policy The term “immigration laws” includes all laws, conventions, and treaties of the United States relating to the immigration, exclusion, deportation, expulsion, or removal of aliens. Legislation Immigration and Nationality Act-1952 -An act of Congress that, along with
- USA Legislative Subject Terms Vocabulary - The legislative subject term vocabulary consists of approximately 1,000 subjects, geographic entities, and organization names. CRS may assign one or many terms to describe a measure’s substance and effects. The legislative subject term vocabulary is consistently used for all bills and resolutions introduced since 2009
- Warrant for the Arrest of a Witness or Material Witness in a Pending Criminal Case in USA - To whom it may be served : who has been served with a subpoena to appear in this case and has failed to do so. who is a material witness for which proceedings are necessary pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §
- Washington’s Farewell Address[USA 1796] - President George Washington’s Farewell Address — 1796 Friends and Fellow Citizens: The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the executive government of the United States being not far distant, and the time actually arrived when your
- West Virginia vs. EPA is a devastating decision takes our country backward – Joe Biden (30/06/2022) - I will take action. My Administration will continue using lawful executive authority, including the EPA’s legally-upheld authorities, to keep our air clean, protect public health, and tackle the climate crisis. We will work with states and cities to pass and uphold laws that protect their citizens
- What is a Patent?- US Reference - A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Generally, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, in special cases, from the date an earlier related application was filed, subject to the payment of maintenance fees. U.S. patent grants are effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S. possessions.
- What is Executive Order - An executive order is an edict issued by a member of the executive branch of a government, usually the head of that branch. The term is mostly used by the United States Government. In other countries, similar edicts may be
- WHO commends U.S support for temporary waiver on IP rights for COVID-19 vaccines-05/05/2021 - On Wednesday, Ambassador Tai issued a statement saying the extraordinary circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic required extraordinary measures to respond and that the waiving of intellectual property protections on vaccines was needed to help end the pandemic. The United States would, the statement continued, participate in World Trade Organization negotiations to support the temporary waiving of protections, and work with the private sector and other partners to expand vaccine manufacturing and distribution.
- Zionism is compatible with the Teachings of Judaism-1942 - WE, THE UNDERSIGNED RABBIS of all elements in American Jewish religious life, have noted with concern a statement by ninety of our colleagues in which they repudiate Zionism on the ground that it is inconsistent with Jewish religious and moral doctrine. This statement misrepresents Zionism and misinterprets historic Jewish religious teaching, and we should be derelict in our duty if we did not correct the misapprehensions which it is likely to foster.
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