A mathematical model for the dynamics of happiness by Gustavo Carrero, Joel Makin & Peter Malinowski (2022) 

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The idea of happiness being a rate of change, and in particular, the rate of change of satisfaction, is known to both Psychology and Philosophy. In the context of goal and discrepancy theory, Carver and Scheier suggested that the rate of change of satisfaction, also referred to as the rate of change of progress towards a goal, rather than satisfaction itself, determines the experience of happiness. Here, satisfaction is understood to be determined by the discrepancy or gap between one’s present perceived reality and what one aspires or thinks one deserves. As the discrepancy decreases, the satisfaction increases.

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2022 Jan

Happiness

Positive psychology recognizes happiness as a construct comprising hedonic and eudaimonic well-being dimensions. Integrating these components and a set of theory-led assumptions, we propose a mathematical model, given by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, to describe the dynamics of a person’s happiness over time.

The mathematical model offers insights into the role of emotions for happiness and why we struggle to attain sustainable happiness and tread the hedonic treadmill oscillating around a relative stable level of well-being. The model also indicates that lasting happiness may be achievable by developing constant eudaimonic emotions or human altruistic qualities that overcome the limits of the homeostatic hedonic system; in mathematical terms, this process is expressed as distinct dynamical bifurcations.

This mathematical description is consistent with the idea that eudaimonic well-being is beyond the boundaries of hedonic homeostasis.

Happiness has captured the attention and aspirations of humankind throughout history. The reason seems quite simple; nobody wants to suffer and everyone wants to be happy. Despite this common wish for happiness, and arguably due to its subjective nature, happiness remains a concept difficult to define, measure and predict. Influenced by ancient Greek wisdom, positive psychology recognizes happiness as a construct comprising hedonic and eudaimonic well-being dimensions


Reference

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A. Campbell, P. E. Converse, W. L. Rodgers, The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY, 1976.
A. C. Michalos, Measuring the quality of life, in Values and the Quality of life, Science History Publications, New York, NY, 1976, 24–37.

B. L. Fredrickson, Positivity: Groundbreaking Research Reveals how to Embrace the Hidden Strength of Positive Emotions, Overcome Negativity, and Thrive, Crown Publishers, New York, NY, 2009.

S. Frederick, G. Loewenstein, Hedonic adaptation, in Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY, (1999), 302–329.

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      The idea of happiness being a rate of change, and in particular, the rate of change of satisfaction, is known to both Psychology and Philosophy. In the context of goal and discrepancy theory, Carver and Scheier suggested that the rate of change of satisfaction, also referred to as the rate of change of progress towards a goal, rather than satisfaction itself, determines the experience of happiness. Here, satisfaction is understood to be determined by the discrepancy or gap between one’s present perceived reality and what one aspires or thinks one deserves. As the discrepancy decreases, the satisfaction increases.

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Nature and happiness in an individualist and a collectivist culture by Tal Svoray, Michael Dorman, Sarah Abu-Kaf, Golan Shahar,& Robert Gifford

Sun Aug 13 , 2023
According to the attention restoration theory, exposure to nature (ETN) renews one's capacity to focus attention, which decreases cognitive fatigue and therefore may increase positive emotions. Indeed, natural settings have been associated with high prevalence of happy facial expressions (HFE). However, how universal the association is, remains unclear. We explored the ETN-HFE association in Boston, US, representing a less collectivistic culture, and Yokohama, Japan, representing a more collectivistic one. Evidence from satellite images and social network data, using geoinformatics and statistical tools, revealed that individuals from both societies exhibited more happiness when they were photographed in more natural settings. These associations varied with temporal variations expressed through weekly and annual effects. In addition, we found that the presence of others was also associated with prevalence of HFE in natural settings at Yokohama and Boston but the relation was significantly stronger in Boston. Despite some relatively minor differences between the countries, these results support the universality of the association between ETN and HFE.

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