In philosophy and in cognitive sciences there exist a number of proposals that doubt that cognitive processes (for our purpose: mental states) are best understood as only internal processes that happen within a cognitive system (in our case: the...
Body and Mind
Self-consciousness is primarily simple existence for self, self-identity by exclusion of every other from itself. It takes its essential nature and absolute object to be Ego; and in this immediacy, in this bare fact of its self-existence, it is...
Gas, bloating, and diarrhea Abdominal pain or cramping Constipation Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Food intolerances such as gluten, casein, lactose, fructose, and particularly histamine intolerance Chronic illnesses such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue...
Hippocampus is a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory. It is a plastic and vulnerable structure that gets damaged by a variety of stimuli. Studies have shown that...
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the therapeutic transplantation of fecal contents from a healthy donor to a recipient via enema, nasogastric, nasoenteric, or endoscopic routes. The use of FMT dates back to 4th-century China and India, but only recently...
The gut-brain interactions have been studied for decades, providing a number of information about the close interactions between the gut-associated immune system, enteric nervous system, and gutbased endocrine system, these findings have largely been ignored by the psychiatric and neurological research community. Most...
Microbes in the gut produce thousands of chemicals, called metabolites, that affect overall wellness. Some of these metabolites are beneficial to health, such as B-vitamins and short-chain fatty acids. Others can be harmful, such as Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which...
Billion of bacteria, fungi, and viruses colonizing our body are collectively called microbiota. And the collection of their genes is called the microbiome. Since the information found in microbiome exceeds hundreds of times the information found in human genes,...
Prebiotic foods do not contain living organisms. They contribute to the health of the microbiome because they contain indigestible fibers that ferment in the GI tract, where they are consumed by probiotic bacteria and converted into other healthful substances....
Probiotic foods that supply varying amounts of beneficial live bacteria that grow during carefully controlled fermentation processes. Some of these are common foods one may include in the diet, while others may seem a bit more exotic, though they...
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