In a suo motu writ, the Supreme Court of India identified significant deficiencies and inconsistencies in criminal trial practices across various High Courts. The Court initiated the process to establish uniform guidelines to enhance the efficiency of criminal proceedings, addressing issues like document presentation, witness deposition, and the handling of evidence. After consulting stakeholders and drafting rules, the Court highlighted the need for day-to-day trials, prompt communication of procedural changes, and the separation of investigative and prosecutorial roles. The Draft Rules of Criminal Practice, 2021, were finalized for adoption, aiming at expediting trials and improving judicial clarity and fairness.