| Justice Name | Supreme Court Term Start | Supreme Court Term End | Appointing President | Noteworthy OpinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion.(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coney Barrett, Amy (Associate Justice) | October 26, 2020 | — | Trump, Donald J. | Coney Barrett, Amy (Associate Justice) |
| Kavanaugh, Brett M. (Associate Justice) | October 10, 2017 | — | Trump, Donald J. | Kavanaugh, Brett M. (Associate Justice) |
| Gorsuch, Neil M. (Associate Justice) | April 10, 2017 | — | Trump, Donald J. | Gorsuch, Neil M. (Associate Justice) |
| Kagan, Elena (Associate Justice) | August 7, 2010 | — | Obama, Barack H. | Kagan, Elena (Associate Justice) |
| Sotomayor, Sonia (Associate Justice) | August 8, 2009 | — | Obama, Barack H. | Sotomayor, Sonia (Associate Justice) |
| Alito, Samuel A. (Associate Justice) | January 31, 2006 | — | Bush, George W. | McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010) |
| Roberts, John G. (Chief Justice) | September 29, 2005 | — | Bush, George W. | Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012); Parents Involved in Community Schs. v. Seattle Sch. Dist. No. 1, 551 U.S. 701 (2007) |
| Breyer, Stephen G. (Associate Justice) | August 3, 1994 | — | Clinton, William J. | Easley v. Cromartie, 532 U.S. 234 (2001); McConnell v. FEC, 540 U.S. 93 (2003); Sell v. United States, 539 U.S. 166 (2003); Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000); Stogner v. California, 539 U.S. 607 (2003); United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005); Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001) |
| Thomas, Clarence (Associate Justice) | October 23, 1991 | — | Bush, George H. W. | Good News Club v. Milford Cent. Sch., 533 U.S. 98 (2001); Hunt v. Cromartie, 526 U.S. 541 (1999); Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346 (1997); McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010) (concurring); Missouri v. Jenkins, 515 U.S. 70, 114 (1995) (concurring); Ne. Fla. Chapter of Associated Gen. Contractors of Am. v. City of Jacksonville, 508 U.S. 656 (1993); U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779, 825, (1995) (dissenting); United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 584 (1995) (concurring) |
| Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (Associate Justice) | August 10, 1993 | September 18, 2020 | Clinton, William J. | Babbitt v. Youpee, 519 U.S. 234 (1997); Buckley v. Am. Constitutional LawLaw Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Found., Inc., 525 U.S. 182 (1999); Christian Legal Soc. Chapter of Univ. of Cal., Hastings Coll. of the Law v. Martinez, 561 U.S. 661 (2010); M.L.B. v. S.L.J., 519 U.S. 102 (1996); Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002); United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996) |
| Souter, David H. (Associate Justice) | October 9, 1990 | June 29, 2009 | Bush, George H. W. | County of Sacramento v. Lewis, 523 U.S. 833 (1998); Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994); Foster v. Love, 522 U.S. 67 (1997); Hurley v. Irish-Am. Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Grp. of Bos., 515 U.S. 557 (1995); McCreary Cty. v. Am. Civil Liberties Union of Ky., 545 U.S. 844 (2005); Nixon v. Shrink Mo. Government PAC, 528 U.S. 377 (2000) |
| Kennedy, Anthony M. (Associate Justice) | February 18, 1988 | July 31, 2018 | Reagan, Ronald | Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008); Citizens United v. FEC, 558 U.S. 310 (2010); City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997); Garcetti v. Ceballos, 547 U.S. 410 (2006); Gonzales v. Carhart, 550 U.S. 124 (2007); Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003); Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992); Legal Serv. Corp. v. Velazquez, 531 U.S. 533 (2001); Tuan Anh Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001); Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996); Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491 U.S. 781 (1989) |
| Scalia, Antonin (Associate Justice) | September 26, 1986 | February 13, 2016 | Reagan, Ronald W. | Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004); Bray v. AlexandriaChristianity Christianity was formed in Alexandria. Whether the theology, organisation, or reading materials, everything formed in Alexandria in or around 80 CE and then exported everywhere by traders. The term Christion was not used before the first quarter of the 2nd Century. Christianity is the outcome of three Jewish-Roman wars, namely, 'The Great Revolt' (66-70 CE), the 'Kitos War'( 115-117 CE), and 'Bar Kochba Revolt' of 132-135 CE. After the Bar Kochba revolt, Christianity became a distinct sect from Judaism. In 30 BCE Greek became the language of Alexandria. NT was written in this language and the passion of the Christ was first performed here. The legacy of Clement (159-215 CE) and Origen ((185-254 CE) was to be noted. Women’s Health Clinic, 506 U.S. 263 (1993); Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004); District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008); Emp’t Div. v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990); Lujan v. Nat’l Wildlife Fed’n, 497 U.S. 871 (1990); Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997); R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377 (1992); Republican Party of Minn. v. White, 536 U.S. 765 (2002); Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294 (1991) |
| Rehnquist, William H. (Chief Justice) | September 26, 1986 | September 3, 2005 | Reagan, Ronald W. | Cruzan by Cruzan v. Director, Mo. Dept. of Health, 497 U.S. 261 (1990); Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 U.S. 654 (1981); Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 485 U.S 46 (1988); Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U.S. 173 (1991) |
| O’Connor, Sandra Day (Associate Justice) | September 25, 1981 | January 31, 2006 | Reagan, Ronald W. | Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995); Frisby v. Schultz, 487 U.S. 474 (1988); Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507 (2004); Miss. Univ. for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718 (1982); New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992); Planned Parenthood of Se. Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992) (joint opinion); Shaw v. Reno, 509 U.S. 630 (1993); Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987); Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003) |
| Stevens, John Paul (Associate Justice) | December 19, 1975 | June 29, 2010 | Ford, Gerald R. | Branti v. Finkel, 445 U.S. 507 (1980); Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984); Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998); Clinton v. Jones, 520 U.S. 681 (1997); Cotton Petroleum Corp. v. New Mexico, 490 U.S. 163 (1989); Massachusetts v. EPA, 549 U.S. 497 (2007); Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466 (2004); Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999); U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779 (1995); Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985) |
| Powell, Lewis F. (Associate Justice) | January 7, 1972 | June 26, 1987 | Nixon, Richard M. | Vill. of Arlington Heights v. Metro. Hous. Dev. Corp., 429 U.S. 252 (1977); Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986); Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665, 709, (1972) (concurring); Cent. Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Pub. Serv. Comm’n, 447 U.S. 557 (1980); First Nat’l Bank of Bos. v. Bellotti, 435 U.S. 765 (1978); Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973); Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1976); Regents of Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, 269 (1978) (separate opinion); Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337 (1981); San Antonio Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1 (1973); Youngberg v. Romeo, 457 U.S. 307 (1982) |
| Rehnquist, William H. (Associate Justice) | January 7, 1972 | September 26, 1986 | Nixon, Richard M. | Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520 (1979); Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978); Mt. Healthy City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274 (1977) |
| Blackmun, Harry A. (Associate Justice) | June 9, 1970 | August 3, 1994 | Nixon, Richard | Bates v. State Bar, 433 U.S. 350 (1977); Bellotti v. Baird, 428 U.S. 132 (1976); Colautti v. Franklin, 439 U.S. 379 (1979); Garcia v. San Antonio Metro. Transit Auth., 469 U.S. 528 (1985); Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989); Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56 (1980); Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973); Sugarman v. Dougall, 413 U.S. 634 (1973); Va. State Bd. of Pharmacy v. Va. Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., 425 U.S. 748 (1976); Wyman v. James, 400 U.S. 309 (1971) |
| Burger, Warren E. (Chief Justice) | June 9, 1969 | September 26, 1986 | Nixon, Richard M. | Bowsher v. Synar, 478 U.S. 714 (1986); Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S. 424 (1971); I.N.S. v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983); Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971); Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973); Milliken v. Bradley, 433 U.S. 267 (1977); Parham v. J. R., 442 U.S. 584 (1979); Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71 (1971); Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Ed., 402 U.S. 1 (1971); United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974); Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972) |
| Marshall, Thurgood (Associate Justice) | October 2, 1967 | October 1, 1991 | Johnson, Lyndon B. | Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817 (1977); Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976); Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 314 (1972) (separate opinion); Hill v. Stone, 421 U.S. 289 (1975); Kulko v. Super. Ct. of Cal. In and For City and Cty. of S.F., 436 U.S. 84 (1978); Pickering v. Bd. of Educ., 391 U.S. 563 (1968); San Antonio Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 70 (1973) (dissenting); Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 436 U.S. 49 (1978); Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S. 186 (1977); Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969); Zablocki v. Redhail, 434 U.S. 374 (1978) |
| Goldberg, Arthur J. (Associate Justice) | October 1, 1962 | July 26, 1965 | Kennedy, John F. | Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964); Gibson v. Fla. Legislative InvestigationInvestigation Purpose of all investigation is to reveal the unvarnished truth. The constitutional courts are duty bound to ensure that the truth is revealed. Comm., 372 U.S. 539 (1963); Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 486 (1965) (concurring) |
| White, Byron R. (Associate Justice) | April 16, 1962 | June 28, 1993 | Kennedy, John F. | Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986); Bowsher v. Synar, 478 U.S. 714, 759 (1986) (dissenting); Broadrick v. Oklahoma, 413 U.S. 601 (1973); City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432 (1985); Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138 (1983); Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968); Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565 (1975); Hazelwood Sch. Dist. v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988); Stanley v. Illinois, 405 U.S. 645 (1972); Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976); World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286 (1980) |
| Stewart, Potter (Associate Justice) | October 14, 1958 | July 3, 1981 | Eisenhower, Dwight D. | Abood v. Detroit Bd. of Ed., 431 U.S. 209 (1977); Bates v. City of Little Rock, 361 U.S. 516 (1960); Bd. of Regents of State Colls. v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564 (1972); Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969); Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806 (1975); Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67 (1972); Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976); Hazelwood Sch. Dist. v. United States, 433 U.S. 299 (1977); Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 392 U.S. 409 (1969); Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727 (1972) |
| Whittaker, Charles E. (Associate Justice) | March 25, 1957 | March 31, 1962 | Eisenhower, Dwight D. | Whittaker, Charles E. (Associate Justice) |
| Brennan, William J. (Associate Justice) | October 16, 1956 | July 20, 1990 | Eisenhower, Dwight D. | Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962); Craig v. Boren, 4429 U.S. 190 (1976); Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 (1972); Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254 (1970); Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, (1978); NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415 (1963); New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964); Penn Cent. Transp. Co. v. City of New York, 438 U.S. 104 (1978); Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969); Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989) |
| Fortas, Abraham (Associate Justice) | October 4, 1956 | May 14, 1969 | Johnson, Lyndon B. | Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968); In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967); Johnson v. Avery, 393 U.S. 483 (1969); Tinker v. Des Moines Indep. Cmty. Sch. Dist., 393 U.S. 503 (1969) |
| Harlan, John M. II (Associate Justice) | March 28, 1955 | September 23, 1971 | Eisenhower, Dwight D. | Barenblatt v. United States, 360 U.S. 109 (1959); Boddie v. Connecticut, 401 U.S. 371 (1971); Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971); Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603 (1960); Konigsberg v. State Bar, 366 U.S. 36 (1961); Maryland v. Wirtz, 392 U.S. 183 (1968); Noto v. United States, 367 U.S. 290 (1961); Rosado v. Wyman, 397 U.S. 397 (1970); Scales v. United States, 367 U.S. 203 (1961); Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298 (1957) |
| Warren, Earl (Chief Justice) | March 1, 1954 | July 9, 1974 | Eisenhower, Dwight D. | Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954); Brown v. Bd. of Educ. of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954); Gregory v. City of Chicago, 394 U.S. 111 (1969); Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475 (1954); Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967); Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964); Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968); United States v. O’Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968); Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1 (1965); |
| Minton, Sherman (Associate Justice) | October 12, 1949 | October 15, 1956 | Truman, Harry S. | Adler v. Bd. of Educ., 342 U.S. 485 (1952); Dennis v. United States, 339 U.S. 162 (1950); United States ex rel. Knauff v. Shaughnessy, 338 U.S. 537 (1950) |
| Clark, Tom C. (Associate Justice) | August 24, 1949 | June 12, 1967 | Truman, Harry S. | Sch. Dist. v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963); Burton v. Wilmington Parking Auth., 365 U.S. 715 (1961); Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison, 340 U.S. 349 (1951); Goss v. Bd. of Educ., 373 U.S. 683 (1963); Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964); Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961); Reid v. Covert, 351 U.S. 487 (1956), on reh’g, 354 U.S. 1 (1957); United States v. Seeger, 380 U.S. 163 (1965); Uphaus v. Wyman, 360 U.S. 72 (1959) |
| Vinson, Fred M. (Chief Justice) | June 20, 1946 | September 8, 1953 | Truman, Harry S. | American Commc’ns Ass’n. v. Douds, 339 U.S. 382 (1950); Feiner v. New York, 340 U.S. 315 (1951); Hurd v. Hodge, 334 U.S. 24 (1948); McLaurin v. Okla. State Regents for Higher Educ., 339 U.S. 637 (1950); Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948) |
| Burton, Harold H. (Associate Justice) | October 1, 1945 | October 13, 1958 | Truman, Harry S. | Roviaro v. United States, 353 U.S. 53 (1957) |
| Rutledge, Wiley B. (Associate Justice) | February 15, 1943 | September 10, 1949 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | Rutledge, Wiley B. (Associate Justice) |
| Jackson, Robert H. (Associate Justice) | July 11, 1941 | October 9, 1954 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | Doremus v. Bd. of Educ., 342 U.S. 429 (1952); Harisiades v. Shaughnessy, 342 U.S. 580 (1952); Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763 (1950); Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306 (1950); W. Va. State Bd. of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943); Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942); Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 634 (1952) (concurring) |
| Byrnes, James F. (Associate Justice) | July 8, 1941 | October 3, 1942 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | Byrnes, James F. (Associate Justice) |
| Stone, Harlan Fiske (Chief Justice) | July 3, 1941 | April 22, 1946 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1943); Int’l Shoe Co. v. Washington , 326 U.S. 310 (1945); S. Pac. Co. v. Arizona, 325 U.S. 761 (1945) ; Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1 (1942) |
| Murphy, Frank (Associate Justice) | February 5, 1940 | July 19, 1949 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942); Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, 233 (1944) (dissenting) |
| Douglas, William O. (Associate Justice) | April 17, 1939 | November 12, 1975 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972); Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas, 416 U.S. 1 (1974); Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954); Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc., 359 U.S. 520 (1959); Douglas v. California, 372 U.S. 353 (1963); Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965); Harper v. Va. State Bd. of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966); Menominee Tribe of Indians v. United States, 391 U.S. 404 (1968); Railway Express Agency v. People of State of N.Y., 336 U.S. 106 (1949); Skinner v. Oklahoma ex rel. Williamson, 316 U.S. 535 (1942); Sniadach v. Family Fin. Corp. of Bay View, 395 U.S. 337 (1969) |
| Frankfurter, Felix (Associate Justice) | January 30, 1939 | August 28, 1962 | Roosevelt, Franklin Delano | Adler v. Bd. of Educ., 342 U.S. 485, 497 (1952) (dissenting); Beauharnais v. Illinois, 343 U.S. 250 (1952); Dennis v. United States, 339 U.S. 162, 181 (1950) (dissenting); Gomillion v. Lightfoot, 364 U.S. 339 (1960); Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown, 354 U.S. 436 (1957); Minersville Sch.l Dist. v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586 (1940); Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952); Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949); Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 593 (1952) (concurring) |
| Reed, Stanley F. (Associate Justice) | January 31, 1938 | February 25, 1957 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | H.P. Hood & Sons v. United States, 307 U.S. 588 (1939) |
| Black, Hugo L. (Associate Justice) | August 19, 1937 | September 17, 1971 | Roosevelt, Franklin D. | Bridges v. California, 314 U.S. 252 (1941); Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494, 579 (1951) (dissenting); Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962); Everson v. Board of Educ. of Ewing Tp., 330 U.S. 1 (1947); Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963); Griffin v. Cty. School Bd., 377 U.S. 218 (1964); Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 507 (1965) (dissenting); Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52 (1941); Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944); Pointer v. Texas, 380 U.S. 400 (1965); Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952) |
| Cardozo, Benjamin N. (Associate Justice) | March 14, 1932 | July 9, 1938 | Hoover, Herbert | Carter v. Carter Coal Co., 298 U.S. 238, 324 (1936) (dissenting); Helvering v. Davis, 301 U.S. 619, 301 U.S. 672 (1937); Henneford v. Silas Mason Co., 300 U.S. 577 (1937); Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319 (1937); Charles C. Steward Mach. Co. v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548 (1937) |
| Roberts, Owen J. (Associate Justice) | June 2, 1930 | July 31, 1945 | Hoover, Herbert | Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455 (1942); Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1940); HagueHague The city`s unique position as an international centre of decision-making and influence has propelled it to earn its reputation as the international city of peace and justice. Hague is home to more than 200 international organisations, including the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the city also plays host to the International Court of Justice, Europol, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and UNICRI Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. The municipal clerk (griffier) is in charge of the municipal clerk’s office. v. Comm. for Indus. Org., 307 U.S. 496 (1939); Herndon v. Lowry, 301 U.S. 242 (1937); Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, 225 (1944) (dissenting); Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502 (1934) |
| Hughes, Charles E. (Chief Justice) | February 13, 1930 | June 30, 1941 | Hoover, Herbert C. | Ashwander v. Tenn. Valley Auth., 297 U.S. 288 (1936); Home Bldg. & Loan Ass’n v. Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398 (1934); Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938); NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel CorporationCorporation A legally established entity that can enter into contracts, own assets and incur debt, as well as sue and be sued—all separately from its owner(s). The term covers both for-profit and nonprofit corporations and includes nonstock corporations, incorporated membership organizations, incorporated cooperatives, incorporated trade associations, professional corporations and, under certain circumstances, limited liability companies., 301 U.S. 1 (1937); Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson, 283 U.S. 697 (1931); W. Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937) |
| Stone, Harlan Fiske (Associate Justice) | March 2, 1925 | July 2, 1941 | Coolidge, Calvin | Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32 (1940); Minersville Sch. Dist. v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586 (1940) (dissent); Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928) (dissent); S.C. State Highway Dep’t v. Barnwell Bros., 303 U.S. 177 (1938); United States v. Carolene Prods. Co., 304 U.S. 144 (1938); United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941); United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941) |
| Sanford, Edward T. (Associate Justice) | February 19, 1923 | March 8, 1930 | Harding, Warren G. | Fiske v. Kansas, 274 U.S. 380 (1927); Pocket Veto Case, 279 U.S. 655 (1929) |
| Butler, Pierce (Associate Justice) | January 2, 1923 | November 16, 1939 | Harding, Warren G. | Int’l Shoe Co. v. Pinkus, 278 U.S. 261 (1929) |
| Sutherland, George A. (Associate Justice) | October 2, 1922 | January 17, 1938 | Harding, Warren G. | Adkins v. Children’s Hosp. of District of Columbia, 261 U.S. 525 (1923); Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 (1932); Humphrey’s Ex’r v. United States, 295 U.S. 602 (1935); Nectow v. City of Cambridge, 277 U.S. 183 (1928); United States v. Curtiss-Wright ExportExport How to export: Canada-India-USA Corporation, 299 U.S. 304 (1936); West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379, 400 (1937) (dissenting) |
| Taft, William Howard (Chief Justice) | June 30, 1921 | February 3, 1930 | Harding, Warren G. | Adkins v. Children’s Hosp. of District of Columbia, 261 U.S. 525 (1923) (dissent); Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (Child Labor Tax Case), 259 U.S. 20 (1922); Myers v. United States, 272 U.S. 52 (1926); Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928) |
| Clarke, John H. (Associate Justice) | October 9, 1916 | September 18, 1922 | Wilson, Woodrow | Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919) |
| Brandeis, Louis D. (Associate Justice) | June 5, 1916 | February 13, 1939 | Wilson, Woodrow | Ashwander v. Tenn. Valley Auth., 297 U.S. 288 (1936) (concurring); Erie R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938); Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438, 471 (1928) (dissenting); Schaefer v. United States, 251 U.S. 466, 482 (1920); Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357, 372 (1927) (concurring) |
| McReynolds, James C. (Associate Justice) | October 12, 1914 | January 31, 1941 | Wilson, Woodrow | NLRB v. Friedman-Harry Marks Clothing, 301 U.S. 58, 76 (1937) (dissenting); Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337, 353 (1938) (dissenting); Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923); Myers v. United States, 264 U.S. 95 (1924); Pierce v. Soc’y of the Sisters of the Holy Names of JesusJesus Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ: Doubts and controversies are always with him. Whether he existed at all or not? Whether Paul was correct or Muhammad about Jesus? If Paul was a student of Gamaliel then why he had heard nothing about Jesus from him? Why Aramaic culture of Jesus was not preserved? Why there were no dates in apostolic letters? But writing Date in letters was a standard practice then. What was the original language of the epistles? Possibly Constantine would have known these. He died due to asphyxiation. and Mary, 268 U.S. 510 (1925) |
| Pitney, Mahlon R. (Associate Justice) | March 18, 1912 | December 31, 1922 | Taft, William Howard | Coppage v. Kansas, 236 U.S. 1 (1915); F.S. Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U.S. 412 (1920) |
| Van Devanter, Willis (Associate Justice) | January 3, 1911 | June 2, 1937 | Taft, William Howard | Lindsley v. Nat. Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61 (1911) |
| Lamar, Joseph R. (Associate Justice) | January 3, 1911 | January 2, 1916 | Taft, William Howard | Lamar, Joseph R. (Associate Justice) |
| White, Edward D. (Chief Justice) | December 19, 1910 | May 19, 1921 | Taft, William Howard | Std. Oil Co. of N.J. v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911) |
| Hughes, Charles E. (Associate Justice) | October 10,1910 | June 10, 1916 | Taft, William Howard | Truax v. Raich, 239 U.S. 33 (1915) |
| Lurton, Horace H. (Associate Justice) | January 3, 1910 | July 12, 1914 | Taft, William Howard | Lurton, Horace H. (Associate Justice) |
| Moody, William H. (Associate Justice) | December 17, 1906 | November 19, 1910 | Roosevelt, Theodore | Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78 (1908) |
| Day, William R. (Associate Justice) | March 2, 1903 | November 13, 1922 | Roosevelt, Theodore | Caminetti v. United States, 242 U.S. 470 (1917); Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918); Muskrat v. United States, 219 U.S. 346 (1911) |
| Holmes, Oliver Wendell (Associate Justice) | December 8, 1902 | January 12, 1932 | Roosevelt, Theodore | Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616, 624 (dissenting); Adkins v. Children’s Hosp. of District of Columbia, 261 U.S. 525, 567, (1923) (dissenting); Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927); Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652, 672 (1925); Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45, 74 (1905); Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438, 469 (1928); Pa. Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393 (1922); Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919) |
| McKenna, Joseph (Associate Justice) | January 26, 1898 | January 5, 1925 | McKinley, William | Hipolite Egg Co. v. United States, 220 U.S. 45 (1911) |
| Peckham, Rufus W. (Associate Justice) | December 9, 1895 | October 24, 1909 | Cleveland, Grover | Allgeyer v. Louisiana, 165 U.S. 578 (1897); Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905); Ex parte young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908) |
| White, Edward D. (Associate Justice) | March 12, 1894 | December 18, 1910 | Cleveland, Grover | Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553 (1903) |
| Jackson, Howell E. (Associate Justice) | February 18, 1893 | August 8, 1895 | Harrison, Benjamin | Jackson, Howell E. (Associate Justice) |
| Shiras, George (Associate Justice) | July 26, 1892 | February 23, 1903 | Harrison, Benjamin | Shiras, George (Associate Justice) |
| Brown, Henry B. (Associate Justice) | December 29, 1890 | May 28, 1906 | Harrison, Benjamin | Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896) |
| Brewer, David J. (Associate Justice) | December 18, 1889 | March 28, 1910 | Harrison, Benjamin | Berea Coll. v. Kentucky, 211 U.S. 45 (1908); In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895) |
| Fuller, Melville W. (Chief Justice) | October 8, 1888 | July 4, 1910 | Cleveland, Grover | Leisy v. Hardin, 135 U.S. 100 (1890); Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Tr. Co., 158 U.S. 601 (1895); United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895) |
| Lamar, Lucius Q.C. (Associate Justice) | January 16, 1888 | January 23, 1893 | Cleveland, Grover | Lamar, Lucius Q.C. (Associate Justice) |
| Blatchford, Samuel M. (Associate Justice) | March 22, 1882 | July 7, 1893 | Arthur, Chester A. | Blatchford, Samuel M. (Associate Justice) |
| Matthews, T. Stanley (Associate Justice) | May 12, 1881 | March 22, 1889 | Garfield, James A. | Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886) |
| Woods, William B. (Associate Justice) | December 21, 1880 | May 14, 1887 | Hayes, Rutherford B. | Presser v. Illinois, 116 U.S. 252 (1886) |
| Harlan, John M. (Associate Justice) | November 29, 1877 | October 14, 1911 | Hayes, Rutherford B. | Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908); Champion v. Ames, 188 U.S. 321 (1903); Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1 (1890) (concurrence); Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905); Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887); Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (dissent); United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (dissent); Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (dissent) |
| Waite, Morrison R. (Chief Justice) | March 4, 1874 | March 23, 1888 | Grant, Ulysses S. | Ames v. Kansas, 111 U.S. 449 (1884); Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162 (1874); United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875) |
| Hunt, Ward (Associate Justice) | December 11, 1872 | January 27, 1882 | Grant, Ulysses S. | Hunt, Ward (Associate Justice) |
| Bradley, Joseph P. (Associate Justice) | March 21, 1870 | January 22, 1892 | Grant, Ulysses S. | Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1872) (dissent) |
| Strong, William (Associate Justice) | February 18, 1870 | December 14, 1880 | Grant, Ulysses S. | Strauder v. West Virginia, 100 U.S. 303 (1880) |
| Chase, Salmon P. (Chief Justice) | December 15, 1864 | May 7, 1873 | Lincoln, Abraham | Ex parte McCardle, 74 U.S. (7 Wall.) 506 (1869) |
| Field, Stephen J. (Associate Justice) | March 10, 1863 | December 1, 1897 | Lincoln, Abraham | The Daniel Ball, 77 U.S. (10 Wall.) 557 (1871); Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887) (separate opinion); Paul v. Virginia, 75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 168 (1869); Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U.S. 714 (1878); Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1872) (dissent); Strauder v. West Virginia, 100 U.S. 303 (1879) (separate opinion); Totten v. United States, 92 U.S. 105 (1876); The Chinese Exclusion Case, 130 U.S. 581 (1889) |
| Davis, David (Associate Justice) | December 8, 1862 | March 4, 1877 | Lincoln, Abraham | Ex parte Milligan, 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 2 (1866) |
| Miller, Samuel F. (Associate Justice) | July 16, 1862 | October 13, 1890 | Lincoln, Abraham | Bradwell v. Illinois, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 130 (1873); Crandall v. Nevada, 73 U.S. (6 Wall.) 35 (1868); Loan Ass’n v. Topeka, 87 U.S. (20 Wall.) 655 (1875); Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1872) |
| Swayne, Noah H. (Associate Justice) | January 24, 1862 | January 24, 1881 | Lincoln, Abraham | Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1872) (dissent) |
| Clifford, Nathan (Associate Justice) | January 12, 1858 | July 25, 1881 | Buchanan, James | United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875) (dissent); Ward v. Maryland, 79 U.S. (12 Wall.) 418 (1870) |
| Campbell, John A. (Associate Justice) | March 22, 1853 | April 30, 1861 | Pierce, Franklin | Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (dissent) |
| Curtis, Benjamin R. (Associate Justice) | December 20, 1851 | September 30, 1857 | Fillmore, Millard | Cooley v. Bd. of Wardens, 53 U.S. (12 How.) 299 (1851); Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (dissent) |
| Grier, Robert C. (Associate Justice) | August 4, 1846 | January 31, 1870 | Polk, James K. | Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (separate opinion); The Amy Warwick, 67 U.S. 635 (1862) |
| Woodbury, Levi (Associate Justice) | January 3, 1846 | September 4, 1851 | Polk, James K. | Woodbury, Levi (Associate Justice) |
| Nelson, Samuel (Associate Justice) | February 14, 1845 | November 28, 1872 | Tyler, John | Prize Cases, 67 U.S. 635 (1862) (dissent); Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (separate opinion) |
| Daniel, Peter V. (Associate Justice) | March 2, 1841 | May 31, 1860 | Van Buren, Martin | Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (separate opinion) |
| McKinley, John (Associate Justice) | September 25, 1837 | July 19, 1852 | Van Buren, Martin | McKinley, John (Associate Justice) |
| Catron, John (Associate Justice) | March 8, 1837 | May 30, 1865 | Jackson, Andrew | Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (separate opinion) |
| Taney, Roger B. (Chief Justice) | March 28, 1836 | October 12, 1864 | Jackson, Andrew | Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857); Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. (7 How.) 1 (1849); Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. (16 Pet.) 539 (1842) (separate opinion) |
| Barbour, Philip P. (Associate Justice) | March 15, 1836 | February 25, 1841 | Jackson, Andrew | Barbour, Philip P. (Associate Justice) |
| Wayne, James M. (Associate Justice) | January 6, 1835 | January 14, 1835 | Jackson, Andrew | Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (separate opinion) |
| Livingston, Henry Brockholst (Associate Justice) | January 6, 1830 | April 21, 1844 | Jefferson, Thomas | Livingston, Henry Brockholst (Associate Justice) |
| Baldwin, Henry (Associate Justice) | January 6, 1830 | April 21, 1844 | Jackson, Andrew | Baldwin, Henry (Associate Justice) |
| McLean, John (Associate Justice) | March 7, 1829 | April 4, 1861 | Jackson, Andrew | Briscoe v. Bank of Commonwealth of Ky., 36 U.S. 257 (1837); Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857) (dissent); Pennsylvania v. Wheeling & Belmont Bridge Co., 59 U.S. (18 How.) 421 (1856) (dissent) |
| Trimble, Robert (Associate Justice) | May 9, 1826 | August 25, 1828 | Adams, John Quincy | Trimble, Robert (Associate Justice) |
| Thompson, Smith (Associate Justice) | December 9, 1823 | December 18, 1843 | Monroe, James | Cherokee NationNation A collective consciousness, founded in ancient origin within a geographic area, with definite history and heritage, culture and way of life, language and literature, food and clothing, coupled with a deep understanding of war and peace is to be known as a nation. Rasra is the Vedic word for it. v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1 (1831) (dissent) |
| Story, Joseph (Associate Justice) | November 18, 1811 | September 10, 1845 | Madison, James | Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 14 U.S. (1 Wheat.) 304 (1816); Swift v. Tyson, 41 U.S. (16 Pet.) 1 (1842); Trs. of Dartmouth Coll. v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518 (1819); Martin v. Mott, 25 U.S. (12 Wheat.) 19 (1827); The Amistad, 40 U.S. 518 (1841) |
| Duvall, Gabriel (Associate Justice) | November 18, 1811 | January 12, 1835 | Madison, James | Duvall, Gabriel (Associate Justice) |
| Todd, Thomas (Associate Justice) | March 2, 1807 | February 7, 1826 | Jefferson, Thomas | Todd, Thomas (Associate Justice) |
| Johnson, William (Associate Justice) | March 24, 1804 | August 4, 1834 | Jefferson, Thomas | Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 1 (1824); Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1 (1831) |
| Marshall, John (Chief Justice) | February 4, 1801 | July 6, 1835 | Adams, John | Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. (7 Pet.) 243 (1833); Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1 (1831); Cohens v. Virginia, 19 U.S. (6 Wheat.) 264 (1821); Trs. of Dartmouth Coll. v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518 (1819); Fletcher v. Peck, 10 U.S. (6 Cr.) 87 (1810); Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1 (1824); Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cr.) 137 (1803); M’Culloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819); Sturges v. Crowninshield, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 122 (1819); Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co., 27 U.S. 245 (1829); Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832) |
| Moore, Alfred (Associate Justice) | December 10, 1799 | January 26, 1804 | Adams, John | Moore, Alfred (Associate Justice) |
| Washington, Bushrod (Associate Justice) | December 20, 1798 | November 26, 1829 | Adams, John | Ogden v. Saunders, 25 U.S. (12 Wheat.) 213 (1827) |
| Ellsworth, Oliver (Chief Justice) | March 8, 1796 | December 15, 1800 | Washington, George | Ellsworth, Oliver (Chief Justice) |
| Chase, Samuel (Associate Justice) | January 27, 1796 | June 19, 1811 | Washington, George | Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 386 (1798); Ware v. Hylton, 3 U.S. 199 (1796) |
| Rutledge, John (Chief Justice) | August 12, 1795 | December 28, 1795 | Washington, George | Rutledge, John (Chief Justice) |
| Paterson, William (Associate Justice) | March 4, 1793 | September 9, 1806 | Washington, George | Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 386 (1798); Ware v. Hylton, 3 U.S. 199 (1796) |
| Johnson, Thomas (Associate Justice) | November 7, 1791 | January 16, 1793 | Washington, George | Johnson, Thomas (Associate Justice) |
| Rutledge, John (Associate Justice) | February 14, 1790 | March 5, 1791 | Washington. George | Rutledge, John (Associate Justice) |
| Iredell, James (Associate Justice) | February 10, 1790 | October 20, 1799 | Washington, George | Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793); Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 386 (1798) |
| Jay, John (Chief Justice) | October 19, 1789 | June 29, 1795 | Washington, George | Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793) |
| Cushing, William (Associate Justice) | September 26, 1789 | September 13, 1810 | Washington, George | Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793); Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 386 (1798) |
| Wilson, James (Associate Justice) | September 26, 1789 | August 21, 1798 | Washington, George | Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793) |
| Blair, John (Associate Justice) | September 26, 1789 | October 25, 1795 | Washington, George | Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793) |
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