Rathnavarmaraja vs Vimla-27/02/1961

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Court Fees Act, 1870—Section 12—Deficiency in court-fees—It is the matter between the Court and the State—The defendant who may believe even honestly that proper court-fee has not been paid by the plaintiff, he has no right to move the superior court by appeal or revision against the order adjudging the court-fee.

Shamsher Singh Vs Rajinder Prashad and others-03/08/1973

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COURT FEES-The plaintiff had sued for a twofold declaration: (i) that the property described in the plaint was a waqf, and (ii) that certain alienations thereof by the mutwali and his brother were null and void and were ineffectual against the waqf property. It was held that the second part of the declaration was tantamount to the setting aside or cancellation of the alienations and therefore the relief claimed could not be treated as a purely declaratory one and inasmuch as it could not be said to follow directly from the declaration sought for in the first part of the relief, the relief claimed in the case could be treated as a declaration with a “consequential relief.

What is Precedent and Stare decisis

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Precedent is the principle in law of using the past in order to assist in current interpretation and decision-making. Precedent can be of two types. Binding or mandatory precedent is a precedent under the doctrine of stare decisis that a court must consider when deciding a case. Advisory precedent are cases which a court may use but is not required to use to decide its cases.

What is an Appeal

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An appeal is the act or fact of challenging a judicially cognizable and binding decision to a higher judicial authority. In common law jurisdictions, most commonly, this means formally filing a notice of appeal with a […]

What is prejudice

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Passing  judgment without a judicial process Prejudice is, as the name implies, the process of “pre-judging” something. In general, it implies coming to a judgment on the subject before learning where the preponderance […]

What is a judgment

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A judgment or judgement, in a legal context, is synonymous with the formal decision made by a court following legal proceedings. At the same time the court may also make a range of court orders, such as imposing a sentence upon a guilty defendant in a criminal matter, […]

The role of Sheriff

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The sheriff is both a political and a legal office held under English common law, Scots law or American common law, or the person who holds such office.   Modern usage United States In the United States a sheriff is […]

English Parliament

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English Parliament A body now called the English Parliament first arose during the thirteenth century, referred to variously as ‘colloquium’ and ‘parliamentum’. It shared most of the powers typical of representative institutions in medieval and […]

Who was Julius Caesar

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In 42 BCE, Caesar was deified as Divus Iulius, and Caesar Augustus henceforth became Divi filius (Son of God) Julius Caesar  Julius Caesar the Roman dictator.  Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: C·IVLIVS·C·F·C·N·CAESAR) (July 13, 100 BC–March 15, 44 BC) […]

What is feudalism

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Feudalism Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. Even […]

What is Taxation

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Tax A tax is an involuntary fee paid by individuals or businesses to a government. Taxes may be paid in cash or kind (although payments in kind may not always be allowed or classified as taxes in […]

What is State

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States as sovereign political entities In international law and international relations, a state is a geographic political entity possessing politicial sovereignty, i.e. not being subject to any higher political authority. In casual language, the idea of a “state” […]

What is Government

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The Government runs the country and has responsibility for developing and implementing policy and for drafting laws. It is also known as the Executive. The Government is usually formed by the party that gains the most seats in the House of Commons at a general election. It is headed by the Prime Minister who appoints government ministers. Members of the Government sit in Parliament and are accountable to it. Government departments and their agencies are responsible for putting government policy into practice.

What is Churchianity

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“Christianity means the ‘way of Christians’, more specifically the followers of Jesus ‘Christ’. Christ(Hellenic term) was a messianic title, who would restore the lost glory of Hebru(jews) political sovereignty in Israel. Per […]

What is Dictator

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In the system of Roman Republic, a dictator was a person temporarily granted significant power over the state during times of war. The office was held for only 6 months. The ideal model was Cincinnatus, who according to legend, was plowing when called to dictatorship, saved Rome from invasion, and who afterwards returned to his labour, renouncing every honour and power. Other famous dictatores were Lucius Sulla and Julius Caesar.

What is civil law

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Civil law has at least three meanings. It may connote an entire legal system, or either of two different bodies of law within a legal system: a legal system the set of rules governing relations between […]