Nearly all MPs represent political parties in the UK
The party with the most MPs after a general election normally forms the Government.
The next largest party becomes the official Opposition. If an MP does not have a political party, they are known as an ‘Independent’.
Members of the House of Lords are organised on a party basis in much the same way as the House of Commons but with important differences: Members of the Lords do not represent constituencies and many are not members of a political party.
Lords who do not support one of the three main parties are known as Crossbenchers or Independent Peers. There is also a small number who are not affiliated to any of the main groups.
Read the political parties