University questions in general- Dr. Theobald Ziegler-1914

The universities emerged in the Middle Ages. The Studium generale in Paris was the model also for the oldest German universities. They were under both worldly and spiritual sovereignty, but were independently governing bodies with their own jurisdiction and self-elected rectors. The name universitas magistrorum et scolarium describes the corporation as the entirety of the lecturers and students, while it was only later that the universitas literarum became the summary of the entire academic teaching system.

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