The modern history of Palestine, from Ottoman rule beginning in 1516 to the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, reflects a complicated saga of imperialism and nationalism. Key events include the Balfour Declaration (1917), the UN partition plan (1947), and the establishment of Israel (1948), resulting in the Nakba for Palestinians. Subsequent decades were marked by armed conflict, the formation of the PLO, peace attempts like the Oslo Accords, and ongoing political divisions, culminating in entrenched Israeli control and humanitarian crises.