DRAFT TREATYTreaties Treaties are binding agreements between nations and become part of international law. Treaties to which the United States is a party also have the force of federal legislation, forming part of what the Constitution calls ''the supreme Law of the Land.'' U.S. presidents have frequently entered the United States into international agreements without the advice and consent of the Senate. These are called "executive agreements." Though not brought before the Senate for approval, executive agreements are still binding on the parties under international law. Bilateral treaty: An international agreement concluded between two states. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ( 23 May 1969) CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
REPUBLICRepublic Res publica. Having a head of the state. Pope is the head of the Vatican City state. The people execute their power through an Elected (direct/indirect) President. Political parties sponsored their presidential candidates. Indian president is a constitutional puppet under the ruling Cabinet. In the case of the appointment of Indian judges, presidential power is a vanishing point. OF CYPRUS
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Kingdom of Greece and the Republic of Turkey of the one part and the Republic of Cyprus of the other part;
Desiring to make provisions to give effect to the Declaration made by the Government of the United Kingdom on the 17th of February, 1959, during the Conference at London, in accordance with the subsequent Declarations made at the Conference by the Foreign Ministers of Greece and Turkey, by the Representative of the Greek Cypriot Community and by the Representative of the Turkish Cypriot Community;
Taking note of the terms of the Treaty of Guarantee signed to-day by the Parties to this Treaty;
Have agreed as follows:—
ARTICLE 1
The territory of the Republic of Cyprus shall comprise the Island of Cyprus, together with the islands Iying off its coast, with the exception of the two areas defined in Annex A to this Treaty, which areas shall remain under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom. These areas are in this Treaty and its Annexes referred to as the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area and the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area.
ARTICLE 2
(1) The Republic of Cyprus shall accord to the United Kingdom the rights set forth in Annex B to this Treaty.
(2) The Republic of Cyprus shall co-operate fully with the United Kingdom to ensure the security and effective operation of the military bases situated in the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area and the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, and the full enjoyment by the United Kingdom of the rights conferred by this Treaty.
ARTICLE 3
The Republic of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom undertake to consult and co-operate in the common defence of Cyprus.
ARTICLE 4
The arrangements concerning the status of forces in the Island of Cyprus shall be those contained in Annex C to this Treaty.
ARTICLE 5
The Republic of Cyprus shall secure to everyone within its jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction:Â Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case. human rightsHuman Rights Legal and moral status of a human being against his competitors.
American Convention on Human Rights
Convention against Torture
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
United States Bill of Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
and fundamental freedoms comparable to those set out in Section I of the European ConventionConvention A term which denotes an international agreement concluded at an international conference. Often used interchangeably with ‘‘treaty.’’ for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms signed at Rome on the 4th of November, 1950, and the ProtocolProtocol A term used to denote an international agreement. A protocol is often used to supplement, clarify, amend, or qualify a treaty and is sometimes of a less formal nature than a treaty. Security Protocol. to that Convention signed at Paris on the 20th of March, 1952.
ARTICLE 6
The arrangements concerning the nationality of persons affected by the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus shall be those contained in Annex D to this Treaty.
ARTICLE 7
The Republic of Cyprus and the United Kingdom accept and undertake to carry out the necessary financial and administrative arrangements to settle questions arising out of the termination of British administration in the territory of the Republic of Cyprus. These arrangements are set forth in Annex E to this Treaty.
ARTICLE 8
(1) All international obligations and responsibilities of the Government of the United Kingdom shall henceforth, in so far as they may be held to have application to the Republic of Cyprus, be assumed by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
(2) The international rights and benefits heretofore enjoyed by the Government of the United Kingdom in virtue of their application to the territory of the Republic of Cyprus shall henceforth be enjoyed by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
ARTICLE 9
The Parties to this Treaty accept and undertake to carry out the arrangements concerning trade, commerce and other matters set forth in Annex F to this Treaty.
ARTICLE 10
Any question or difficulty as to the interpretation of the provisions of this Treaty shall be settled as follows:—
ARTICLE 11
The Annexes to this Treaty shall have force and effect as integral par of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 12
This Treaty shall enter into force on signature by all the Parties to it.