Before the Taliban's takeover of Kabul in August 2021, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic (sharia) law; after August 2021, the Taliban’s so-called “interim government” has claimed to be implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, partially based on the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence. [THE WORLD FACTBOOK-CIA]
Afghanistan in 1982-Afghanistan's recent history is a story of war and civil unrest. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979, but was forced to withdraw 10 years later by anti-Communist mujahidin forces. The Communist regime in Kabul collapsed in 1992. Fighting that subsequently erupted among the various mujahidin factions eventually helped to spawn the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that fought to end the warlordism and civil war which gripped the country.
British evacuation efforts- Support for British and non-British nationals in Afghanistan-The Home Office is committed to providing protection for vulnerable people fleeing Afghanistan. The Afghan citizens’ resettlement scheme will welcome up to 5,000 vulnerable Afghans to the UK, who have been forced to flee the country, in its first year, with up to a total of 20,000 in the long-term.
China’s socialist democracy is a whole-process, U.S democracy is Coca-Cola, Taliban can form govt with moderate policies- China-What is democracy? Who gets to define it? How to judge whether a country is democratic? These rights should not be monopolized by the US and its few allies. For us, a key criterion is whether the country can meet people's expectations, needs and aspirations. In this sense, Chinese democracy is people's democracy while the US' is money democracy; the Chinese people enjoy substantial democracy while Americans have democracy only in form; China has a whole-process democracy while the US has voting democracy that comes every four years.
Directorate of Judicial Audit-Afghanistan-As representatives of the Supreme Court, Judicial Auditors participate in random delegations assigned by the President and performs evaluation and audit when required. As one of its main activities, the Department also performs economic audits
Letter from Sir Mortimer Durand to Ameer Abdul Rahman Khan-11/11/1893-Letter from Sir Mortimer Durand to Ameer Abdul Rahman Khan Kabul, November 11, 1893 Text After compliments “When Your Highness came to the throne of Afghanistan, Sir Lepel Griffin was instructed to give you the assurance that, if any Foreign
Liberalism is Unneeded for Women’s Rights-A Taliban perspective-Despite numerous Taliban reassurances of women’s rights being protected within an Islamic framework, widely-read western media outlets not only publish malicious lies but also portray this caveat (“within an Islamic framework”) as an indication that women’s rights will be violated.
Military service Oath of Afghan National Army-In the name of Almighty Allah, I do swear to obey and support Islam religion, and to faithfully serve my homeland, people and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan; and to observe and obey laws and fulfil functions of my duty impartially and honestly. I do swear to defend and safeguard Afghanistan’s territory, and to not neglect in enforcement of rules of law
President Biden on the End of the War in Afghanistan-31/08/2021-Taken with a night vision device from a side window of the C-17 transport plane, the ghostly green and black image of the general striding toward the aircraft waiting on the tarmac at Kabul's Hamid Karzai Airport was released by the Pentagon hours after the United States ended its 20-year military presence in Afghanistan
Remarks of Chinese foreign ministry on Afghan situation-16/08/2021-On the basis of fully respecting the sovereignty of Afghanistan and the will of all factions in the country, China has maintained contact and communication with the Afghan Taliban and played a constructive role in promoting the political settlement of the Afghan issue.
Repeat of failed militia experiments in Afghanistan- The United States has evacuated its largest airbase in Afghanistan, Bagram. Only a handful of troops are left. The day is now not far when this era of Western oppression will end and Afghanistan will be cleansed of all foreign forces, God willing.
Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attacks near Kabul Airport-27/08/2021-The members of the Security Council condemned in the strongest terms all instances of terrorism and deliberate attacks against civilians. They recalled that all parties must respect their obligations under international humanitarian law in all circumstances, including those related to the protection of civilians.
SOVIET POSITION ON THE DECLARATION OF THE AFGHAN GOVERNMENT-24/08/1981-Forcing the discussion of the "Afghan question" repeatedly on the UN General Assembly cannot help the cause of political settlement in any way. All this may only distract the General Assembly's attention from the solution of the tasks of the defense of peace and the maintenance of international security facing the UN.
Text of India’s statement to the UNSC on Afghan Crisis-If there is a zero tolerance for terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and it is ensured that the territory of Afghanistan is not used by terrorist groups to threaten or attack any other country, then Afghanistan’s neighbours and the region would feel safer.
Treaty between Ameer Dost Muhammad Khan & British India, 1855-countries of Afghanistan now in his possession ; concluded on the part of the British Government by John Lawrence, Esquire, Chief Commissioner of the Punjab in virtue of full powers vested in him by the most Noble James Andrew, Marquis of Dalhousie, KT, &C., Governor-General of India ; and on the part of the Ameer of Cabool, Dost Mohummud Khan by Sirdar Gholam Hydur Khan, in virtue of full authority granted to him by His Highness, - 1855.
Afghan President’s decree on better implementation of laws related to mass media to reinforce liberty of speech and ensure access to information-Ministry of Information and Culture, Independent Administrative Reforms and Civil Service Commission, and Ministry of Justice shall prepare and process the plan of legislative documents related to categorization of information and documents in which the offices’ obligation on ensuring the citizens’ access to information and protecting privacy of offices should be segregated based on nationally and internationally accepted criteria.
Amanullah Khan letter to Vladimir Lenin (1920)-The Afghan Government has great hopes concerning this common object, to which it attributes very great significance, and places as the very foundation of its policy this aim, humane with regard to all mankind, and is ready by all means and at all times to pursue the continuance of our mutual friendship.
Constitution of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan-2004-Afghanistan shall be an Islamic Republic, independent, unitary and indivisible state. The sacred religion of Islam is the religion of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Followers of other faiths shall be free within the bounds of law in the exercise and performance of their religious rituals.
Durand Line Agreement, demarcating border between Afghanistan and British India-1893-The British Government thus agrees to His Highness the Amir retaining Asmar and the valley above it, as far as Chanak. His Highness agrees, on the other hand, that he will at no time exercise interference in Swat, Bajaur, or Chitral, including the Arnawai or Bashgal valley. The British Government also agrees to leave to His Highness the Birmal tract as shown in the detailed map already given to his Highness, who relinquishes his claim to the rest of the Waziri country and Dawar. His Highness also relinquishes his claim to Chageh.
History of Afgan People-The Afghan chroniclers call their people Beni-Israil (Arab. for Children of Israel), and claim descent from King Saul (whom they call by the Mahommedan corruption Tālūt) through a son whom they ascribe to him, called Jeremiah, who again had a son called Afghana.
History of Arg (Presidential Palace) Kabul-Kabul, a city of ancient history, had been a home for kings and crowns. In the past, a wall, which still its remainders exist, enclosed the city with six entrance gates.
History of the National Assembly of Afghanistan-Article 81 of Constitution of the year 2004 states that the National Assembly of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, as the highest legislative organ, shall manifest the public will, as well as it shall represent the entire nation.
Indo-afghan Relationship as on August 2020-Prime Minister visited Herat on 4 June 2016 in western Afghanistan where he, along with President of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan H.E Asharaf Ghani jointly inaugurated the Afghan-India Friendship Dam, earlier known as Salma Dam. The completion of the dam project represents culmination of years of hard work by about 1,500 Indian and Afghan engineers and other professionals in very difficult conditions. It also highlights India's continued commitment to Afghanistan's reconstruction and development.
Legal Documents of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan-AGREEMENT ON STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY AND THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN Agreement on Strategic Partnership between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Republic of India Memorandum of Understanding between The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and
Mohammad Ashraf Ghani-Last President of Afghanistan-The Taliban have taken control over majority of areas in Afghanistan ON Aug 16, 2021, including Kabul. Afghan President and VP have fled the country after Taliban's siege in Afghanistan. In his statement, Ashraf Ghani said that he left the country to avoid bloodshed.
President Biden approved deployment of appx 5,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan-When I came to office, I inherited a deal cut by my predecessor—which he invited the Taliban to discuss at Camp David on the eve of 9/11 of 2019—that left the Taliban in the strongest position militarily since 2001 and imposed a May 1, 2021 deadline on U.S. Forces.
SC Press Statement on UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan-30/06/2020-The members of the Security Council recognized that a sustainable peace can be achieved only through an Afghan-led, Afghan-owned peace process, reaffirmed the importance of the United Nations role in promoting peace and stability in Afghanistan and welcomed the efforts of all regional and international partners of Afghanistan in facilitating intra-Afghan negotiations.
Speech by Foreign Minister of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan at OIC Foreign Ministers meeting in Islamabad – 19/12/2021-Currently there exists a great opportunity for foreign investment. We call on the international investors and specifically those from Islamic countries to begin investments in Afghanistan. We from our side assure them about providing all necessary facilities. As a result of the prevalent security, Afghanistan can now transform into a hub of regional economic connectivity.
The story of Afghanistan by Annie Besant-1879-The history of English policy in Afghanistan is one which each citizen of Britain is now bound to study. No adult individual in a nation is free from responsibility of national policy—only some have votes, but all have influence. To-day the hands of the citizens are in so far clean that when this Tory Government was placed in power, it was placed there for inaction, for rest, for quietude. None voted that it should embroil us in Europe, in Asia, in Africa.
Transcript of Joint Press Briefing by President Ashraf Ghani and Speaker Nancy Pelosi-25/06/2021-Good morning Mr. President. Once again, it is an honor for me, Speaker of the House, to welcome you to the Capitol of the United States. We are many friends looked forward to meeting with you this morning. As you know, we have had a relationship between our two countries, an intense relationship for the past twenty years.
United State’s diplomatic relations with Afghanistan-2012-The United States has approximately 14,000 troops in Afghanistan engaged in two missions: 1) a bilateral counterterrorism mission in cooperation with Afghan forces; and 2) participation in RSM. U.S. troops in Afghanistan serve alongside almost 8,000 troops from NATO allies and partners. U.S. forces continue to disrupt and degrade the Taliban’s combat operations, ISIS-K, and al-Qaeda activities in Afghanistan, through partnered operations with Afghan forces, as well as unilateral operations.