SUPREME COURTSupreme Court The Court of last resort. Supreme Court of India (26/01/1950), Supreme Court of USA (1798), Supreme Court of UK (1/10/2009), Supreme Court of Canada (1949), International Court of Justice (22/05/1947), > Supreme Court Network OF INDIAIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more
Parvez Parwaz & Anr. Vs. State of Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh Ancient Aryavarta Region (आर्यावर्त) > District Agra Aligarh Ambedkar Nagar Amethi Amroha Auraiya Ayodhya (Saket) Azamgarh Baghpat Bahraich Ballia Balrampur Banda Barabanki Bareilly Basti Bhadohi Bijnor Budaun Bulandshahar Chandauli Chitrakoot Deoria Etah Etawah Farrukhabad Fatehpur Firozabad Gautam Buddha Nagar Ghaziabad Ghazipur Gonda Gorakhpur Hamirpur Hapur Hardoi Hathras Jalaun Jaunpur Jhansi Kannauj Kanpur Dehat Kanpur Nagar Kasganj Kaushambi Kushi Nagar Lakhimpur Kheri Lalitpur Lucknow (Capital) Maharajganj Mahoba Mainpuri Mathura Mau Meerut Mirzapur Moradabad Muzaffar Nagar Pilibhit Pratapgarh Prayagraj Raebareli Rampur Saharanpur Sambhal Sant Kabir Nagar Shahjahanpur Shamli Shravasti Siddharth Nagar Sitapur Sonbhadra Sultanpur Unnao Varanasi & Ors.
[Criminal AppealCriminal Appeal Shankar Kerba Jadhav and others vs. The State of Maharashtra (AIR 1971 SC 840): "An appeal is a creature of a statute and the powers and jurisdiction of the appellate Court must be circumscribed by the words of the statute. At the same time a Court of appeal is a "Court of error" and its normal function is to correct the decision appealed from and its jurisdiction should be co-extensive with that of the trial Court. It cannot and ought not to do something which the trial Court was not competent to do. There does not seem to be any fetter to its power to do what the trial Court could do." No. 1343 of 2022 arising out of S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 6190/2018]
DATE: 26/08/2022
ACTS: Section 196 of the Code of Criminal Procedure
JUDGMENTJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2). Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022)
C.T. Ravikumar, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. This appeal by special leave is directed against the judgment and order dated 22.02.2018 passed by the High CourtHigh Court High Court Judges in England and Wales handle complex and tough cases, sitting in London and traveling to court centers around the country. They preside over serious criminal and important civil cases, and support the Lord and Lady Justices in hearing appeals. High Court Judges are commonly referred to as ‘Mr/Mrs/Ms Justice surname’ and are given the prefix ‘The Honourable’. They are assigned to the King’s Bench Division, the Family Division, or the Chancery Division. The King’s Bench Division focuses on civil wrongs and judicial review, the Family Division deals with family law, and the Chancery Division handles various cases including company law and probate. Judges are appointed through a rigorous process overseen by the Judicial Appointments Commission. of Judicature Allahabad in Criminal Miscellaneous Writ Petition No. 21733 of 2008. The unsuccessful petitioners are the appellants herein. At the instance of the first appellant, for having made (allegedly) a hate speech that led to the incidents described as ‘2007 Gorakhpur Riots’ and for such other offences related to the same, CrimeCrime A positive or negative act in violation of penal law; an offense against the state classified either as a felony or misdemeanor. No.2776/2008 was registered against Sh. Yogi Adityanath, who was then a Member of Parliament and some others. After registration of FIR No.764/2008 (Crime No.2776/2008), the State Government directed investigationInvestigation Purpose of all investigation is to reveal the unvarnished truth. The constitutional courts are duty bound to ensure that the truth is revealed. by the Crime Branch, Criminal Investigation Department (CB CID) of UP Police. Raising grievances against the investigation, the appellants filed the abovementioned Writ Petition under Article 226 of the ConstitutionConstitution The Constitution encompasses the global system of rules governing constitutional authority. Simply reading selected provisions of the written text may be misleading. Understanding the underlying principles, such as federalism, democracy, constitutionalism, the rule of law, and respect for minorities, is crucial. Democratic institutions must allow for ongoing discussion and evolution, reflected in the right of participants to initiate constitutional change. This right entails a reciprocal duty to engage in discussions. Democracy involves more than majority rule, existing within the context of other constitutional values. Therefore, a profound understanding of these principles informs our appreciation of constitutional rights and obligations. Read more of India seeking, inter alia, the following reliefs:
“(i) Issue a writ, order or direction the nature of mandamus directing and commanding the respondents to investigate case crime no. 2776 of 2008 in fair and impartial manner by an independent investigating agency and not by Crime Branch of Criminal Investigation Department as per Order dt. 3.11.2008.
(ii) Issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of mandamus directing and commanding the respondents to include appropriate section of Indian Penal Code e.g. 120-B, 121, 121-A, 122, 112 I.P.C. and Section 3/4 Prevention of Damages to Public Property Act, 1984 and provision of Religious Institution (Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1988 in crime no. 2776 of 2008 and to investigate the issue of conspiracy also.
(iii) Issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of mandamus directing and commanding the respondents to take disciplinary action against the officers who at the relevant point of timeTime Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) failed to act in accordance with law and had not taken any action to initiate criminal action against the culprits.
(iv) Issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of mandamus directing and commanding the respondent no. 1 to provide adequate security to the petitioners.”
3. During the hearing, the Division Bench of the High Court framed three issues for determination, which are as follows:
(1) When the State fails to perform its statutory and constitutional duty to investigate a crime in a fair and impartial manner, whether the High Court in exercise of its jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case. conferred by Article 226 of the Constitution is vested with the power to transfer the investigation to be conducted by any other investigating agency.
(2) Whether in the facts and circumstances of the instant case, the State has failed to perform its statutory duty to conduct a fair investigation in the matter and the same is liable to be transferred to some other independent agency to ensure fair investigation.
(3) Whether the State can pass an order under Section 196 Cr.P.C. in respect of a proposed accused in a criminal case who in the meantime gets elected as the Chief Minister and is the Executive Head as per the scheme provided under Article 163 of the Constitution of India.
4. After hearing both sides and perusing the relevant records, the Division Bench of the High Court extensively dealt with all the issues and came to specific conclusions with respect to the same. Ultimately, the Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the Writ Petition and held as follows:- “In view of the facts and discussions, we do not find any procedural error either in the conduct of the investigation or in the decision making process of refusal to grant sanction or any other illegality in the order which may require any interference by this Court while exercising its extraordinary power under Article 226 of the Constitution of India.”
5. Aggrieved by the impugned judgment, the present appeal by way of special leave has been filed by the appellants who were the original petitioners before the High Court.
6. Heard learned counsel for the parties.
7. Mr. Fuzail Ahmad Ayyubi, learned counsel for the appellants fairly conceded at the outset that he did not intend to press any submissions relating to prayer numbers (i) & (ii), as sought in the writ petition. The sole contention he sought to advance before us is in respect of issue no. (iii) as identified by the High Court, relating to denial of sanction for prosecution of the accused under Section 196 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
The foundation for such a grievance is that the accused no. 1, who was then a Member of Parliament and had allegedly made a hate speech, had later on became the Chief Minister of the State of Uttar Pradesh and thereby, the Executive Head of the State. It is contention of the appellants that in such a situation, it is the Governor of the State who is empowered to consider the question of grant of sanction in terms of the Rules of Business. He submits that the Division Bench of the High Court has failed to consider this issue in an appropriate manner, including the Constitution Bench judgment of this Court in M.P. Special Police Establishment v. State of M.P., (2004) 8 SCCSCC Supreme Court Cases 788.
8. On the other hand, Mr. Mukul Rohatgi learned Senior counsel for the State contends that nothing survives in this matter except for a mere academic exercise, as a closure report has already been filed by the investigating agency. Additionally, he submits that the judgment of this Court in M.P. Special Police Establishment (supra) does not have any relevance in the facts of this case as the underlying material did not amount to anything, let alone establish a case for issuance of sanction. Learned Senior counsel submits that the first CD containing the recording in 2008 which was in a broken condition while the second CD which was provided by the appellants after a lapse of five years, was determined to be tampered by the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CSFL). The third CD only provided a voice sample. All these facts have been extensively dealt with by the High Court before rejecting the prayers of the appellants.
9. Having heard the parties and considered the material placed on record, we are in agreementContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act. with learned Senior counsel appearing for the respondent that the subsequent events have rendered the present appeal into a purely academic exercise. We will now explain the raison d’etre for such a conclusion.
10. The words “No Court shall take cognizance” employed in Section 196 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for short ‘CrPC’) and the consequential bar created under the said provision would undoubtedly show that the bar is against ‘taking of cognizance by the Court’. In other words, it creates no bar against registration of a crime or investigation by the police agency or submission of a report by the police on completion of investigation as contemplated under Section 173, CrPC [Refer:- State of Karnataka v. Pastor P Raju, (2006) 6 SCC 728)].
11. It appears from the record that the forensic report of the CD which forms the basis of the prosecution was found to be tampered and edited as per the report dated 13.10.2014, submitted by the CFSL which position has not been disputed by the appellants herein.
12. In the instant case, a short affidavitAffidavit An ex parte statement in writing made under oath before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths, about facts which the affiant either knows of his own personal knowledge or is aware of to the best of his knowledge. was filed on behalf of the second respondent wherein it is stated that the investigation was closed vide FR No.1/17 dated 06.05.2017. This position is not disputed by the appellants. Thus, as of now, the position that emerges is that the investigation has culminated in a closure / refer report. Learned counsel for the appellants has informed us that a protest petition has been filed which is pending consideration before the trial CourtTrial court Court of original Jurisdiction > the court which examines the evidences for the first time..
13. In the aforesaid circumstances, we do not think it necessary to go into the contentions raised by both sides on the issue of denial of sanction for prosecution and the legal pleas sought to be raised in relation to the said issue. However, we think it appropriate that the legal questions on the issue of sanction be left open to be considered in an appropriate case.
14. Consequently, this appeal is dismissed subject to the above observations. Pending applications, if any, stand disposed of.
CJI. (N.V. RAMANA)
J. (HIMA KOHLI)
J. (C.T. RAVIKUMAR)
NEW DELHINew Delhi Indraprastha, the capital of Emperor Yudhisthira and Pandavas constructed by Mayasura, where Rajasuya Yagna was performed under the guidance of Krishna Dvaipayana and the protection of Vasudeva Krishna in the present-day Raja Ghat area. Prtvi Rajaj was the last Hindu king of Delhi.;
August 26, 2022
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