Skip to content

ADVOCATETANMOY LAW LIBRARY

Research & Library Database

Primary Menu
  • News
  • Opinion
  • Countries198
    • National Constitutions: History, Purpose, and Key Aspects
  • Judgment
  • Book
  • Legal Brief
    • Legal Eagal
  • LearnToday
  • HLJ
    • Supreme Court Case Notes
    • Daily Digest
  • Sarvarthapedia
    • Sarvarthapedia (Core Areas)
    • Systemic-and-systematic
    • Volume One
11/04/2026
  • Law

Orders passed by the ITAT are final, an appeal lies to the High Court if a substantial question of law involved

On the historic day of 25th of January, the Tribunal was constituted in 1941. This date was notifi ed as the appointed date on which Chapter II-A in the Indian Incometax Act, 1922 was to come into force.
advtanmoy 17/11/2019 10 minutes read

© Advocatetanmoy Law Library

  • Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp
  • Share on X (Opens in new window) X
  • Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
  • Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram

ITAT is a quasi-judicial institution set up in January 1941 and specializes in dealing with appeals under the Direct Taxes Acts. The orders passed by the ITAT are final, an appeal lies to the High Court only if a substantial question of law arises for determination.

Benches of The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal

Bench Name Mumbai
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai Benches, Mumbai
Pratishtha Bhavan, 3rd & 4th Floors, 101, M. K. Road
Mumbai – 400020, Maharashtra
Tel Phone 022-22033848
Fax Nos. 022-22014369
E-Mail ID mumbai[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Maharashtra Mumbai City, Mumbai Suburban, Thane
Bench Name Delhi
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi Benches, New Delhi
10th & 11th Floor, Loknayak Bhawan, Khan Market
New Delhi – 110003, Delhi
Tel Phone 011-24641558
Fax Nos. 011-24641558
E-Mail ID delhi[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Delhi New Delhi, North Delhi , North West Delhi, West Delhi, South West Delhi, South Delhi, South East Delhi, Central Delhi, North East Delhi, Shahdara, East Delhi
Bench Name Agra
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Agra Bench, Agra
63/4 Kendralaya, C.G.O.Complex, C.P.W.D. Building, Sanjay Place
Agra – 282002, Uttar Pradesh
Tel Phone 0562-2523166
Fax Nos. 0562-2522145
E-Mail ID agra[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Uttar Pradesh Agra, Aligarh, Etah, Farukkhabad, Shikohabad, Firozabad, Jalaun
Bench Name Ahmedabad
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Ahmedabad Benches, Ahmedabad
3rd & 4th Floor, Abhinav Arcade, Near Bank of Baroda, Opp: Municipal School, Ellis Bridge
Ahmedabad – 380006, Gujarat
Tel Phone 079-26581546
Fax Nos. 079-26581546
E-Mail ID ahmedabad[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Gujarat Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Banaskantha, Mahisagar, Chhotaudepur, Arvalli, Kheda, Sabarkantha, Gandhinagar, Panchmahal, Patan, Mehsana, Anand, Dahod, Nadiad, Bhavnagar
Bench Name Allahabad
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Allahabad Bench, Allahabad
Aaykar Bhawan Annexe, ‘R’- Block, 1st & 2nd Floor, 38 M. G. Marg
Allahabad – 211001, Uttar Pradesh
Tel Phone 0532-2407772
Fax Nos. 0532-2400671
E-Mail ID allahabad[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Amethi, Amroha, Bagpat, Balrampur, Banda, Chitrakoot, Fatehpur, Hamirpur, Kannauj, Kansiram Nagar, Kaushambi, Mahoba, Maharajganj, Mirzapur, Panchsheel Nagar, Pratapgarh, Sant Kavir Nagar, Sant Ravidas, Shamli, Sharavasti, Siddharth Nagar, Sultanpur
Bench Name Amritsar
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Amritsar Bench, Amritsar
Central Revenue Building, 1st Floor, Maqbool Road, C-Block
Amritsar – 143001, Punjab
Tel Phone 0183-2506429
Fax Nos. 0183-2506370
E-Mail ID amritsar[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
N/A N/A
Bench Name Bangalore
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Bangalore Benches, Bangalore
No. 51, Behind Jal Bhawan, 1st Cross, 4th T BLock, Tilak Nagar, Jayanagar
Bengaluru – 560041, Karnataka
Tel Phone 080-22047444
Fax Nos. 080-22047444
E-Mail ID bangalore[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Karnataka Bangalore, Bagalkot, Bellary, Bidar, Chikkballapura, Chikkamagalur, Chamarajnagar, Chitradurga, Dakshina Kannada, Davangere, Dharwad, Gadag, Hassan, Haveri, Hubli, Kolar, Kodagu, Koppal, Mysore, Mandya, Ramanagara, Raichur, Shimoga, Tumkur, Uttara Kannada (except Karwar), Udupi, Kalaburgi, Yadgiri
Bench Name Chandigarh
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Chandigarh Benches, Chandigarh
Kendriya Sadan, Sector 9-A
Chandigarh – 160009, Chandigarh
Tel Phone 0172-2741987
Fax Nos. 0172-2741987
E-Mail ID chandi[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Haryana Ambala, Fatehabad, Jind, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Panchkula, Sirsa, Yamunanagar
Himachal Pradesh Bilaspur, Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Kinnaur, Kullu, Lahaul & Spiti, Mandi, Shimla, Sirmaur, Solan, Una
Punjab Fatehgarh Sahib, Ludhiana, Patiala , Rupnagar , Sangrur , Barnala, Mohali
Chandigarh Chandigarh
Bench Name Chennai
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Chennai Benches, Chennai
A-3, II Floor, Rajaji Bhavan, Besant Nagar
– 600090, Tamil Nadu
Tel Phone 044-24469661
Fax Nos. 044-24462653
E-Mail ID chennai[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Puducherry Karaikal, Puducherry
Tamil Nadu Ariyalur, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Covai, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Erode, Kallakurichi, Kancheepuram, Kanyakumari, Karur, Krishnagiri, Madurai, Nagapattinam, Namakkal, Nilgiris, Perambalur, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Ranipettai, Salem, Sivagangai, Tenkasi, Thanjavur, Theni, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Tirupathur , Tirupur, Tiruvallur, Tiruvannamalai , Tiruvarur, Vellore, Villuppuram, Virudhunagar
Bench Name Cochin
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Cochin Bench, Cochin
1st Floor, Block C-I & C-II, Kendriya Bhavan, Kakkanad
Cochin – 682037, Kerala
Tel Phone 0484-2424897
Fax Nos. 0484-2424896
E-Mail ID cochin[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Kerala Alappuzha, Ernakulam, Idukki, Kannur, Kasaragod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad
Lakshadweep Lakshadweep
Bench Name Cuttack
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Cuttack Bench, Cuttack
Plot No. 6B/925/9, Sector-9, C.D.A.
Cuttack – 753014, Odisha
Tel Phone 0671-2504118
Fax Nos. 0671-2506540
E-Mail ID cuttack[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Odisha Angul, Balangir, Balasore, Bargarh, Bhadrak, Boudh, Cuttack, Deogarh, Dhenkanal, Gajapati, Ganjam, Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, Jharsuguda, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Kendrapara, Keonjhar, Khordha, Koraput, Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Nabarangpur, Nayagarh, Nuapada, Puri, Rayagada, Sambalpur, Subarnapur (Sonepur), Sundargarh
Bench Name Guwahati
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Guwahati Bench, Guwahati
Oriental Building, 1st Floor, Fancy Bazaar
– 781001, Assam
Tel Phone 0361-2544637
Fax Nos. 0361-2514405
E-Mail ID guwahati[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
N/A N/A
Bench Name Hyderabad
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Hyderabad Benches, Hyderabad
Room No. 502 & 505, Vth Floor, CGO Towers, Kavadiguda
Secunderabad – 500080, Telangana
Tel Phone 040-27536887
Fax Nos. 040-27536891
E-Mail ID hyderabad[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Telangana Hyderabad, Adilabad, Bhadradri Kothagudem, Jagital, Jangaon, Jayashankar Bhupalpally, Jogulamba Gadwal, Kamareddy, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kumuram Bheem, Mahabubabad, Mahabubnagar, Mancherial, Medak, Medchal, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Peddapalli, Rajanna Sircilla, Rangareddy, Sangareddy
Andhra Pradesh Cuddapah
Bench Name Indore
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Indore Bench, Indore
C.G.O.Complex, 1st Floor, Shivaji Chouraha, A.B.Road
– 452001, Madhya Pradesh
Tel Phone 0731-2493839
Fax Nos. 0731-2499025
E-Mail ID indore[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal, Rajgarh, Sehore, Vidisha, Alirajpur, Barwani, Harda, Agar, Dewas, Dhar, Indore, Jhabua, Khandwa, Khargone, Mandsaur, Raisen, Ralam, Shajapur, Ujjain, Hosangabad, Betul, Burhanpur, Neemuch
Bench Name Jabalpur
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Jabalpur Bench, Jabalpur
Flora House, 46, Napier Town, Near Krishna Hotel
Jabalpur – 482001, Madhya Pradesh
Tel Phone 0761-2450543
Fax Nos. 0761-2450751
E-Mail ID jabalpur[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Madhya Pradesh Balaghat, Betul, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Damoh , Dindori , Harda, Hosangabad, Jabalpur, katni, Mandla, Narsinghpur, Panna, Rewa, Sagar, Satna, Seoni, Singrauli , Shahdol , Sidhi , Tikamgarh, Umaria , Niwari , Anuppur
Bench Name Jaipur
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Jaipur Benches, Jaipur
G-4, Raj Mahal Residential Area, Near 22 Godam INOX, C-Scheme
Jaipur – 302006, Rajasthan
Tel Phone 0141-2983056
Fax Nos. 0141-2229929
E-Mail ID jaipur[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Rajasthan Jaipur, Ajmer, Tonk Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Sawaimadhopur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Dausa, Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar, Baran, Pratapgarh
Bench Name Jodhpur
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Jodhpur Bench, Jodhpur
27-A, Hanuwant Vihar, Rai Ka Bag
– 342001, Rajasthan
Tel Phone 0291-2544591
Fax Nos. 0291-2544617
E-Mail ID jodhpur[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Rajasthan Banswara, Barmer, Bhilwara, Bikaner, Chittorgarh, Churu, Dungarpur, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Pali, Rajsamand, Sirohi, Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Udaipur
Bench Name Kolkata
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Kolkata Benches, Kolkata
225C, A.J.C. Bose Road, 6th & 7th Floors
Kolkata – 700020, West Bengal
Tel Phone 033-22901222
Fax Nos. 033-22901228
E-Mail ID kolkata[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Sikkim East Sikkim, North Sikkim, South Sikkim, West Sikkim
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Nicobar, North and Middle Andaman, South Andaman
West Bengal Malda, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Hooghly, Paschim Bardhaman, Purba Bardhaman, Alipurduar, Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Kalimpong, Howrah, Kolkata, Nadia, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Bankura, Jhargram, Purulia, East Medinipur, West Medinipur
Bench Name Lucknow
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Lucknow Benches, Lucknow
5th Floor, PICUP Bhawan, Gomti Nagar
Lucknow – 226010, Uttar Pradesh
Tel Phone 0522-2720864
Fax Nos. 0522-2720864
E-Mail ID lucknow[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Uttar Pradesh Barabanki, Bareilly, Basti, Bahraich, Faizabad, Gonda, Hardoi, Kanpur (Rural), Kanpur (City), Lucknow, Lakhimpur Kheri, Pilibhit, Raibareilly, Shahjahanpur, Sitapur, Unnao
Bench Name Nagpur
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Nagpur Bench, Nagpur
2nd Floor, ‘C’ Block, C.G.O Complex, Seminery Hills
Nagpur – 440006, Maharashtra
Tel Phone 0712-2512593
Fax Nos. 0712-2510931
E-Mail ID nagpur[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Maharashtra Akola, Amaravati, Bhandara, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Akola, Amravati, Bhandara, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Hingoli, Nagpur, Wardha, Washim, Yavatmal
Bench Name Panaji
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Panaji Bench, Panaji
Pundalik Nivas, 1st floor, Near Patto Foot Bridge
– 403001, Goa
Tel Phone 0832-2426226
Fax Nos. 0832-2426238
E-Mail ID panaji[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Goa North Goa, South Goa
Bench Name Patna
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Patna Bench, Patna
5th Floor, C.R. Building (Annexe), Birchand Patel Path
Patna – 800001, Bihar
Tel Phone 0612-2504997
Fax Nos. 0612-2504085
E-Mail ID patna[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Bihar Araria, Arwal, Aurangabad, Banka, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Darbhanga, East Champaran, Gaya, Gopalganj, Jamui, Jehanabad, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Kaimur, Katihar, Lakhisarai, Madhubani, Munger, Madhepura, Muzaffarpur, Nalanda, Nawada, Patna, Purnia, Rohtas, Saharsa, Samastipur, Sheohar, Sheikhpura, Saran, Sitamarhi, Supaul, Siwan, Vaishali, West Champaran
Bench Name Pune
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Pune Benches, Pune
2nd Floor, Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran Bldg., Near St Mary High School, 463, Stavely Road
Pune – 411001, Maharashtra
Tel Phone 020-26342532
Fax Nos. 020-26342532
E-Mail ID pune[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Maharashtra Nashik, Pune, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Beed, Dhule, Jalgaon, Jalna, Kolhapur, Latur, Nanded, Nandurbar, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sangli, Satara, Sindhudurg, Solapur
Bench Name Raipur
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Raipur Bench, Raipur
Chattisgarh Chamber of Commerce and Industries, 2nd Floor, Chaudhury Devilal Bhawan, Behind Bombay Market
Raipur – 429001, Chhattisgarh
Tel Phone 07712-223110
Fax Nos. 07712-223110
E-Mail ID raipur[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Chhattisgarh Balod, Baloda Bazar, Balrampur, Bastar, Bemetara, Bijapur, Bilaspur, Dantewada, Dhamtari, Durg, Gariaband, Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi, Janjgir-Champa, Jashpur, Kabirdham, Kanker, Kondagaon, Korba, Koriya, Mahasamund, Mungeli, Narayanpur, Raigarh, Raipur, Rajnandgaon, Sukma, Surajpur, Surguja
Bench Name Rajkot
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Rajkot Bench, Rajkot
5th Floor, Amruta Estate, M.G. Road, Beside Girnar Cinema
Rajkot – 360001, Gujarat
Tel Phone 0281-2970721
Fax Nos. 0281-2970723
E-Mail ID rajkot[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Daman and Diu Diu
Gujarat Rajkot, Jamngar, Junagadh, Amreli, Porbandar, Morbi, Kutchh, Surendrangar
Bench Name Ranchi
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Ranchi Bench, Ranchi
1st Floor, Block-A, Shah Deo Towers (West Entrance), Peppe Compound
Ranchi – 834001, Jharkhand
Tel Phone 0651-2332445
Fax Nos. 0651-2332445
E-Mail ID ranchi[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
N/A N/A
Bench Name Visakhapatnam
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Visakhapatnam Bench, Visakhapatnam
5th Floor, LIC Building, Jeevitha Bima Road
Visakhapatnam – 530004, Andhra Pradesh
Tel Phone 0891-2795058
Fax Nos. 0891-2795058
E-Mail ID vizag[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Andhra Pradesh Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur
Bench Name Surat
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Surat Bench, Surat
Titaanium Business Hub, 2nd Floor, Sarsana, Near VIP Crossing, Surat Khajod Road, Bhimrad
Surat – 395007, Gujarat
Tel Phone 0261-2878102
Fax Nos. 0261-2878102
E-Mail ID surat[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
Daman and Diu Daman
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Gujarat Bharuch, Dang, Narmada, Tapi, Valsad
Bench Name Varanasi
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Varanasi Bench, Varanasi
R.No. 102, Ground Floor, Ayakar Bhawan, Maqbool Alam Road
Varanasi – 221007, Uttar Pradesh
Tel Phone 0-
Fax Nos. 0-0
E-Mail ID allahabad[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
N/A N/A
Bench Name Dehradun
Address Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Dehradun Bench, Dehradun
Uttarakhand Co-operative Sugar Mills Federation Ltd., Jogiwala, Near Railway Crossing, Badripur
Dehradun – 248005, Uttarakhand
Tel Phone
Fax Nos. 0
E-Mail ID delhi[dot]bench[at]itat[dot]nic[dot]in
Jurisdiction State Districts
N/A N/A
Tags: Income Tax

Post navigation

Previous: Exit from Pakistan (Control) Rules, 2010
Next: Muslim OBCs in West Bengal: Central List
Communism
Sarvarthapedia

Manifesto of the Communist Party 1848: History, Context, and Core Concepts

Arrest
Sarvarthapedia

Latin Maxims in Criminal Law: Meaning, Usage, and Courtroom Application

Abolition of Slave Trade Act 1807: Facts, Enforcement, and Historical Context

British Slavery and the Church of England: History, Theology, and the Codrington Estates

United States of America: History, Government, Economy, and Global Power

Biblical Basis for Slavery: Old and New Testament Laws, Narratives, and Interpretations

Rule of Law vs Rule by Law and Rule for Law: History, Meaning, and Global Evolution

IPS Cadre Strength 2025: State-wise Authorised Strength

Uric Acid: From 18th Century Discovery to Modern Medical Science

Christian Approaches to Interfaith Dialogue: Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and Pentecostal Views

Origin of Central Banking in India: From Hastings to RBI and the History of Preparatory Years (1773–1934)

Howrah District Environment Plan: Waste Management, Water Quality & Wetland Conservation

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023: Sections (1-358), Punishments, and Legal Framework

Bengali Food Culture: History, Traditions, and Class Influences

  • Sarvarthapedia

  • Delhi Law Digest

  • Howrah Law Journal

  • Amit Arya vs Kamlesh Kumari: Doctrine of merger
  • David Vs. Kuruppampady: SLP against rejecting review by HC (2020)
  • Nazim & Ors. v. State of Uttarakhand (2025 INSC 1184)
  • Geeta v. Ajay: Expense for daughter`s marriage allowed in favour of the wife
  • Ram v. Sukhram: Tribal women’s right in ancestral property [2025] 8 SCR 272
  • Naresh vs Aarti: Cheque Bouncing Complaint Filed by POA (02/01/2025)
  • Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 (BNSS)
  • Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA): Indian Rules for Evidence
  • Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023
  • The Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)
  • Supreme Court Daily Digest
  • U.S. Supreme Court Orders
  • U.k. Supreme Court Orders
United Kingdom, UK

Abolition of Slave Trade Act 1807: Facts, Enforcement, and Historical Context

British Slavery and the Church of England: History, Theology, and the Codrington Estates

British Slavery and the Church of England: History, Theology, and the Codrington Estates

USA, America

United States of America: History, Government, Economy, and Global Power

Biblical Basis for Slavery, english slave trade

Biblical Basis for Slavery: Old and New Testament Laws, Narratives, and Interpretations

2026 © Advocatetanmoy Law Library

  • About
  • Global Index
  • Judicial Examinations
  • Indian Statutes
  • Glossary
  • Legal Eagle
  • Subject Guide
  • Journal
  • SCCN
  • Constitutions
  • Legal Brief (SC)
  • MCQs (Indian Laws)
  • Sarvarthapedia (Articles)
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • FAQs
  • Library Updates