To situate paganism as a theological religion and a religious behavior, we must first understand what religion is. This question is a vexing and contentious one. Despite the complexities and disagreements that the issue raises, it still is a necessary question to ask when considering whether any spiritual practice or affirmation is actually religious or whether its expression constitutes a religion. Here I contend that paganism represents what I term a root religion and that historically all other religions are offshoots and/or counterdevelopments of the root religion. Consequently, if we wish to understand any religion, we must also understand paganism as the root from which it grew. The irony in this understanding is that it precludes recognizing a root religion as being religious.
Pagan Theology by Michael York
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