The Blue Mosque in Istanbul during sunset
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
All Hijri Calender
11 M.d.; Abu Bakr Kh.
13 ‘Umar Kh.
14 Battle of al-Qadisiya; fall of Jerusalem; al-Basra founded; fall of Damascus.
17 Al-Kufa founded; Syria and Mesopotamia conquered.
20 Conquest of Egypt.
21 Battle of Nahawand; Persia conquered.
23 ‘Uthman Kh.
30 Final redaction of the Qur’an.
35 ‘Ali Kh.
36 Battle of Carmel.
40 ‘Ali d.
41 Mu‘awiya I. Kh.; Herat.
49 Al-Hasan d.
56 Samarqand.
60 Schism of Ibadites from Kharijites.
61 Karbala & d. of al-Husayn.
73 Storm of Mecca & d. of ‘Abd Allah b. az-Zubayr.
74 Carthage.
80 Ma‘bad executed.
81 M. b. al-Hanafiya d.
93 Toledo.
99-101 ‘Umar II. Kh.
110 Hasan al-Basri d.
114 Charles the Hammer at Tours (a.d. 732).
121 Zayd b. Zayn al-‘Abidin d.
124 Az-Zuhri d.
127-132 Marwan II. Kh.
130 Jahm b. Safwan killed
131 Wasil b. ‘Ata d.
132 Fall of Umayyads; as-Saffah first ‘Abbasid Kh.
134 First Ibadite Imam.
135 Rabi‘a d.?
136-158 Al-Mansur Kh.
138-422 Umayyads of Cordova.
140 Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ killed.
143 Halley’s comet.
144 ‘Amr b. ‘Ubayd d.?
145 Baghdad founded; ‘A’isha d. of Ja‘far as-Sadiq d.
147 Homage to al-Mahdi as successor in Kh.
148 Ja‘far as-Sadiq d.
150 Abu Hanifa d.; trace of Sufi monastery in Damascus.
157 Al-Awza‘i d.
158-169 Al-Mahdi Kh.; John of Damascus d.?
161 Sufyan ath-Thawri d.; Ibrahim b. Adham d.
165 Da’ud b. Nusayr d.
167 Bashshar b. Burd killed.
170-193 Harun ar-Rashid Kh.
172-375 Idrisids.
179 Malik b. Anas d.
182 The Qadi Abu Yusuf d.
187 Fall of Barmecides; al-Fudayl b. ‘Iyad d.
189 M. b. al-Hasan d.
198-218 Al-Ma’mun Kh.
200 Ma‘ruf of al-Karkh d.; trace of Sufi monastery in Khurasan.
204 Ash-Shafi‘i d.
208 Abu ‘Ubayda d.; the Lady Nafisa d.
211 Theodorus Abucara d.
212 Decree that the Qur’an is created.
213 Thumama b. Ashras d.
215 Abu Sulayman of Damascus d.; 2nd decree.
218-234 The Mihna; Al-Mu‘tasim Kh.
220 Ma‘mar b. ‘Abbad.
223 Fatima of Naysabur d.
226 Abu Hudhayl M. al-‘Allaf d.
227 Bishr al-Hafi d.; al-Wathiq Kh.
231 An-Nazzam d.
232 Al-Mutawakkil Kh.
234 Decree that Qur’an is uncreated; Scotus Erigena transl. pseudo-Dionysius, a.d. 850.
240 Ibn Abi Duwad d.
241 Ahmad b. Hanbal d.
243 Al-Harith al-Muhasibi d.
245 Dhu-n-Nun d.; al-Karabisi d.
250-316 ‘Alids of Zaydite branch in north Persia.
255 Al-Jahiz d.
256 Ibn Karram d.
257 Al-Bukhari d.; Sari as-Saqati d.
260 Al-Kindi d.? M. b. al-Hasan al-Muntazar vanished.
261 Muslim d.; Abu Yazid al-Bistami d.
270 Da’ud az-Zahiri d.
273 Ibn Maja d.
275 Abu Da’ud as-Sijistani d.
277 Qarmatians hold fortress in Arab ‘Iraq.
279 At-Tirmidhi d.
280 Zaydite Imams at as-Sa‘da and San‘a.
289 ‘Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi in North Africa.
295-320 Al-Muqtadir ‘Abbasid Kh.
297 First Fatimid Kh.; al-Junayd d.
300 Return of al-Ash‘ari.
303 An-Nasa‘i d.; Al-Jubba‘i d.
309 Al-Hallaj executed.
317 Umayyads of Cordova take title of Commander of the Faithful; Qarmatians in Mecca.
320-447 Buwayhids; al-Ash‘ari d.?
322 Ibn ash-Shalmaghani.
331 At-Tahawi d.
333 Al-Mataridi d.
333-356 Sayf ad-Dawla.
334 Buwayhids in Baghdad; ash-Shibli d.
339 Return of Black Stone by Qarmatians; al-Farabi d.
356 Fatimids conquer Egypt; Cairo founded.
360 Ikhwan as-Safa fl.
362 Ibn Hani d.
381-422 Al-Qadir Kh.
386 Abu Talib al-Makki d.
388-421 Mahmud of Ghazna.
403 Al-Baqilani d.
408 Persecution of Mu‘tazilites under al-Qadir.
411 Al-Hakim Fatimid Kh. vanished; Firdawsi d.
428 Ibn Sina d.
434 Abu Dharr d.
440 Al-Beruni d.
447 Tughril Beg, the Saljuq, in Baghdad.
449 Abu-l-‘Ala al-Ma‘arri d.
450 Persecution of Ash‘arites.
455 Alp-Arslan; Nizam al-Mulk Wazir; end of persecution of Ash‘arites.
456 Ibn-Hazm az-Zahiri d.
465 Al-Qushayri d.
478 Imam al-Haramayn d.
481 Nasir b. Khusraw d.
483 Hasan b. as-Sabbah seizes Alamut.
485 Nizam al-Mulk assass.
488 Al-Ghazzali leaves Baghdad.
505 Al-Ghazzali d.
515 ‘Umar al-Khayyam d.
516 Al-Baghawi d.
524 Ibn Tumart al-Mahdi d.
524-558 ‘Abd al-Mu’min.
524-667 The Muwahhids.
533 Abu Bakr b. Bajja d.
537 Abu Hafs an-Nasafi d.
538 Az-Zamakhshari d.
540 Yehuda Halevi d. = a.d. 1145.
546 Abu Bakr b. al-‘Arabi d.
548 Ash-Shahrastani d.
558 ‘Abd al-Mu’min the Muwahhid d.
558 ‘Adi al-Hakkari d.
558-580 Abu Ya‘qub the Muwahhid.
561 ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, founder of order of darwishes, d.
567 Conquest of Egypt by Saladin and end of Fatimids.
576 Order of Rifa‘ites founded.
580 Abu Ya‘qub d.
580-596 Abu Yusuf al-Mansur.
581 Ibn Tufayl d.
587 As-Suhrawardi executed.
589 Saladin d.
590 Abu Shuja‘ d.?
595 Ibn Rushd d.; Abu Yusuf al-Mansur the Muwahhid d.
601 Maimonides d. = a.d. 1204.
606 Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi d.
620 Abu-l-Hajjaj b. Tumlus d.; Fakhr ad-Din b. ‘Asakir d.; St. Francis of Assisi d. = a.d. 1226.
625-941 Hafsids at Tunis.
630-640 Ar-Rashid the Muwahhid.
632 ‘Umar b. al-Farid.
638 Ibn ‘Arabi d.
648 Frederick II. d. = a.d. 1250.
654 End of Assassins by Mongols; Ash-Shadhili, founder of order of darwishes, d.
667 Ibn Sab‘in d.; end of Muwahhids.
672 Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi d.
675 Ahmad al-Badawi, founder of order of darwishes, d.
681 Ibn Khallikan d.
685 Al-Baydawi d.
693, 698-708, 709-741 Muhammad An-Nasir, Mamluk Sultan, reg.
719 An-Nasr al-Manbiji d.?
724 Ibn Rushd is still studied at Almeria.
728 Ibn Taymiya d.; Meister Eckhart d. = a.d. 1328.
730 ‘Abd ar-Razzaq d.
756 Al-‘Iji d.; Heinrich Suso d.
791 At-Taftazani d.; an-Naqshbandi, founder of order of darwishes, d.
808 Ibn Khaldun d.
857 Capture of Constantinople by Ottomans and office of Shaykh al-Islam created = a.d. 1453. Thomas à Kempis d. = a.d. 1471.
895 M. b. Yusuf as-Sanusi d.
907 Accession of Safawids.
922 Conquest of Egypt by Ottoman Turks.
945 Death of al-Mutawakkil, last ‘Abbasid.
951 Beginning of Sharifs of Morocco.
973 Ash-Sha‘rani d.
1201 ‘Abd al-Wahhab d. = a.d. 1787.
1205 Sayyid Murtada d.; al-Fudali fl. circ. 1220.
1252 Foundation of Brotherhood of as-Sanusi = a.d. 1837.
1260 Ibrahim al-Bajuri d.; Decree of Porte that apostate Muslims should not be put to death.
1275 Death of founder of Brotherhood of as-Sanusi = a.d. 1859.
