“India that is Bharat shall be Union of States”
1) Power of the Union Parliament, under Article 3, to alter the names, areas and boundaries of the existing States;
2) Provision for single citizenship under Article 9;
3) Position of the Governor, as an agent of the Central Government;
4) Discretion vested with the Governor under Article 174 and Article 200;
5) Power of the Parliament to make laws on subjects mentioned in the State List under Articles 249, 250 and 253;
6) The rule of repugnancy operating in favour of the Central Law under Article 254;
7) Powers of the central Government, in respect of emergency, under Articles 352 to 360.
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Single Citizenship:
A Strong Centre:
Single Constitution for Union and States:
Centre Can Change Name and Boundaries of States:
Single Unified Judiciary:
Unitary in Emergencies:
Common All-India Services:
Inequality of Representation in the Council of States:
Appointment of Governor by President:
Appointment of the High Court Judges by the President:
The Office of the Comptroller and Auditor-General:
Centralized Electoral Machinery:
Flexible Constitution:
Special Powers of Council of State over State List:
Control over State Laws:
Financial Dependence of States:
Considering the above-stated provisions, Dr. K.C. Wheare has coined the expression “quasifederal’ for Indian Constitution. In the opinion of Dr. Ivor Jennings, it is a unitary’ “Constitution with subsidiary’ federal features.” Prof. Alexandro Wicz holds it “a unitary’ Constitution with vertically divided sovereignty.”
Calling India as federal is emotional rather than legal .
