What is the appropriate mode of enforcing obedience to a writ of Habeas corpus ?
AIR 1984 SC 1026 : (1984) 3 SCR 544 : (1984) 3 SCC 82 : (1984) 1 SCALE 629 : (1984) CriLJ SC 830
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Sebastian M. Hongray Versus Union of India
(Before : D. A. Desai And O. Chinnappa Reddy, JJ.)
Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 148 of 1983
Decided on : 23-04-1984.
Counsel for the Parties:
Ms. Nandita Haksar and Mr. C. S. Vaidyanathan, Advocates, for Petitioner
Ms. A. Subhashini, Advocate, Mrs. Urmila Kapoor, Advocate, Mr. V. C. Mahajan, Sr. Advocate, Mr. P. N. Puri, Mr. S. K. Mehta and Mr. Balhir Singh Shant, Advocates with him, for Respondent.
Judgement
Desai, J—On Nov. 24, 1983, the Court by its judgment and order directed that a writ of Habeas corpus be issued. The operative portion of the order reads as under:
“Accordingly, this petition is allowed and we direct that a writ of Habeas corpus be issued to the respondents 1, 2 and 4 commanding them to produce C. Daniel, retired Naik Subedar of Manipur Riffles and Headmaster of the Junior High School of Huining Village and C. Paul, Assistant Pastor of Huining Baptist Church, who taken to Phungrei Camp by the jawans of 21st Sikh Regiment on March 10, 1982 before this Court on Dec. 12, 1993 and file the return.”
The Registry issued the writ and served the same upon first respondent-Union of India, second respondent-Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs and 4th respondent-Commandant, 21st Sikh Regiment, Phungrei Camp. Pursuant to the writ, it was obligatory upon respondents 1, 2 and 4 to file the return and to produce C. Daniel and C. Paul. A return on affidavit by one Ajai Vikram Singh, Director, Ministry of Defence dated December 9, 1983 was produced in the Court on December 12, 1983 stating therein “that with all the will and the best efforts, the respondents are unable to produce S/Shri C. Daniel and C. Paul for the reasons set out in the affidavit and crave for indulgence of the Hon’ble Court for their inability to produce the abovenamed individuals due to circumstances beyond their control”. It was reiterated that C. Daniel and C. Paul were not in the custody or control of respondents 1, 2 and 4. To this return several affidavits and messages were annexed saying that the Army authorities conducted an extensive search for tracing C. Daniel and C. Paul but nothing fruitful has been achieved. One Surendra Kumar, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs had also filed the return stating that C. Daniel and C. Paul are neither in the custody or control of respondent No. 2. It was stated that Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI for short) have been directed to conduct enquiries to locate the aforementioned two persons and to intimate the result thereof. The matter was adjourned to enable the respondents to pursue their efforts. Nothing fruitful came up even though the matter was twice adjourned at the request of learned Attorney General who entered appearance on behalf of respondents Nos. 1, 2 and 4. The writ petition was posted for further hearing and orders on April 19, 1984. On that day, a summary of enquiry made by CBI was submitted to the Court in which it was stated that ‘the field enquiries made by the CBI and the efforts made to locate the two persons have yielded no results and it has not been possible to locate Sri Daniel and Sri Paul’. The report was submitted by the Dy. Inspector General of Police (S).
2. It is now necessary to deal with the failure of respondents 1, 2 and 4 to file the return to the writ of Habeas corpus. After a preliminary enquiry and after hearing the respondents and after negativing their contentions that Shri C. Daniel and Shri C. Paul were not seen last alive in the custody of the 4th respondent, the Court directed to issue a writ of Habeas corpus. The writ of Habeas corpus was issued and was served on respondents 1, 2 and 4. In compliance with the mandatory direction contained in the writ of Habeas corpus, the person to whom it is, directed is under a legal obligation to produce the body of the person alleged to be unlawfully detained before the Court on the day specified and to make a formal return to the writ (Halsbury’s Laws of England, Fourth Edition, Vol. 11,para 1492 at page 791). Such a writ has been issued and there has been failure to produce the missing persons in respect of whom writ is issused and to file the return as mandated by law. 3. The next question therefore, is: what is the appropriate mode of enforcing obedience to a writ of Habeas corpus ?
4. The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 defines ‘Contempt of Court’ in S. 2 (a) to mean ‘civil contempt’ or criminal contempt’. ‘Civil contempt’ is defined in S. 2 (b) mean ‘wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a Court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to a Court’. Wilful disobedience to a writ issued by the Court constitutes civil contempt. The question is:whether this disobedience is wilful? Mere failure to obey the writ may not constitute civil contempt depending upon the facts and circumstances of the case. But wilful disobedience to a writ issued by a Court constitutes civil contempt. Again it is well settled that the appropriate mode of enforcing obedience to a writ of Habeas corpus is by committal for contempt. A committal order may be made against a person who intentionally makes a false return to a writ of Habeas corpus, but an unintentional misrepresentation on a return is not a ground for committal’. (Ibid para 1497).
5. The view of this Court as expressed in the main judgment clearly indicates that the assertion of respondents 1, 2 and 4 that C. Daniel and C. Paul left Phungrei Camp where 21st Sikh Regiment were stationed is not correct and that to avoid responsibility flowing from the mysterious disappearance of C. Daniel and C. Paul an attempt was made to suggest that they had left alive in the company of their compatriots. The Court has rejected this submission as untenable and incorrect. On that conclusion one can say that there is a wilful disobedience to the writ of Habeas corpus by misleading the Court by presenting a distorted version of facts not borne out by the record. It is thus established that the respondents 1, 2 and 4 have committed civil contempt by their wilful disobedience to the writ.
6. Civil contempt is punishable with imprisonment as well as fine. In a given case, the Court may also penalise the party in contempt by ordering him to pay the costs of the application. (Halsbury’s Laws of England, Fourth Edlition, Vol. 9, para 100 at page No. 61). A fine can also be imposed upon the contemnor.
7. Now in the facts and circumstances of the case we do not propose to impose imprisonment nor any amount as and by way of fine but keeping in view the torture, the agony and the mental oppression through which Mrs. C. Thingkhuila, wife of Shri C. Daniel and Mrs. C. Vangamla, wife Shri C. Paul had to pass and they being the proper applicants, the formal application being by Sebastian M. Hongray, we direct that as a measure of exemplary costs as is permissible in such cases, respondents Nos. 1 and 2 shall pay ` 1 lac to each of the aforementioned two women within a period of four weeks from today.
8. A query was posed to the learned Attorney General about the further step to be taken. It was made clear that further adjourning the matter to enable the respondents to trace or locate the two missing persons is to shut the eyes to the reality and to pursue a mirage. As we are inclined to direct registration of an offence and an investigation, we express no opinion as to what fate has befallen to Shri C. Daniel and Shri C. Paul, the missing two persons in respect of whom the writ of Habeas corpus was issued save and except saying that they have not met their tragic end in an encounter as is usually claimed and the only possible inference that can be drawn from circumstance already discussed is that both of them must have met an unnatural death. Prima facie, it would be an offence of murder. Who is individually or collectively the perpetrator of the crime or is responsible for their disappearance will have to be determined by a proper, thorough and responsible police investigation. It is not necessary to start casting a doubt on anyone or any particular person. But prima facie there is material on record to reach an affirmative conclusion that both Shri C. Daniel and Shri C. Paul are not alive and have met an unnatural death. And the Union of India cannot disown the responsibility in this behalf. If this inference is permissible which we consider reasonable in the facts and circumstances of the case, we direct that the Registrar (Judicial) shall forward all the papers of the case acompanied by a writ of mandamus to the Superintend of Police, Ukhrul, Manipur State to be treated as information of a cognizable offence and to commence investigation as prescribed by the relevant provisions of Code of Criminal Procedure.
