Chinese Library Classification
Learning Knowledge Systems: A Unified Model of CLC and LCC
A Marxism, Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, “Three Represents”, Scientific Outlook on Development, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
B Philosophy, Religion
B0 Philosophy theory
B1–B9 World philosophy (Western, Asian, etc.)
B2 Chinese philosophy
B3–B7 Asian, African, European, American philosophy
B8–B9 Religion (Buddhism, Daoism, Islam, Christianity, etc.)
C Social Sciences – General
D Politics, Law
D0 Political theory
D1 International communist movement
D2–D6 Communist Party of China
D4 Political situation & geography
D5–D9 Chinese politics, government, military
DA–DZ World countries’ politics & law
DF Law (China)
D9 International law, space law, etc.
E Military Science
F Economics
F0 Economics theory
F1 World economy
F2 Chinese economy
F3–F7 Agricultural, industrial, transportation, postal/telecom, trade economics
F8 Finance, banking, insurance
F9 Blockchain & digital economy (added 2020s)
G Culture, Science, Education, Sports
G0 General culture
G1 Information & knowledge dissemination
G2 Education (including edtech)
G3 Scientific research (R&D management)
G4–G8 Higher ed, secondary ed, primary ed, special ed, vocational ed
G9 Sports
H Languages and Linguistics
H0–H1 General linguistics
H2 Chinese language (汉语)
H3–H8 Minority languages of China, foreign languages (English H31, etc.)
H9 International auxiliary languages (Esperanto, etc.)
I Literature
I0 Literary theory
I1–I2 World literature
I2 Chinese literature (古典 I222, 现代 I246, 当代 I217)
I3–I7 Literatures of various countries
J Art
J0 Art theory
J1–J2 World art, Chinese art
J2 Painting & calligraphy
J3 Architecture
J4 Music
J5 Dance, theater, film & TV
J6 Photography, film art
J7 Design, fashion, digital art (including NFTs, AI art – added 2020s)
K History, Geography
K1–K2 Chinese history (dynastic periods)
K3 Local history of China
K4–K7 Asian, African, European, American history
K8 Archaeology
K9 Geography (including GIS, remote sensing)
N Natural Sciences – General
N0–N9 Natural science theory, institutions, big science projects
O Mathematical Sciences and Chemistry (merged in CLC)
O1 Mathematics
O3 Mechanics
O4 Physics
O6 Chemistry
O7 Crystallography
P Astronomy, Surveying and Mapping, Earth Sciences
P1 Astronomy, astrophysics
P2 Surveying, remote sensing, cartography
P3–P5 Geophysics, atmospheric science, geology
P7 Oceanography
P9 Planetary science & exoplanet research
Q Life Sciences
Q1 General biology
Q2 Cytology, genetics, molecular biology
Q3 Biochemistry, biophysics
Q4 Botany
Q5 Zoology
Q6 Entomology, microbiology
Q7 Anthropology (physical)
Q8–Q9 Ecology, biodiversity, conservation
R Medicine, Health Sciences
R1 Basic medicine
R2 Clinical medicine
R3 Internal medicine
R4 Surgery
R5 Gynecology, pediatrics, oncology, etc.
R6 Neurology, psychiatry
R7 Preventive medicine, public health, epidemiology
R71 Traditional Chinese Medicine (中医)
R8 Pharmacy, pharmacology
R9 Geriatrics, longevity medicine (expanded 2020s)
S Agricultural Sciences
S1 General agriculture
S2 Agronomy
S3 Plant protection
S4 Crop science
S5 Horticulture
S6 Forestry
S7 Animal husbandry, veterinary
S8 Aquaculture
S9 Agricultural engineering & agro-informatics
T Industrial Technology
TB General engineering
TD Mining engineering
TE Petroleum & natural gas
TF Metallurgy
TG Metalworking
TH Mechanical engineering
TJ Weapons technology (military-civil fusion)
TK Energy & power (including nuclear, fusion, renewables)
TL Atomic energy technology
TM Electrical engineering, electronics
TN Radio electronics, telecommunications, 5G/6G
TP Automation technology, computer science
TP3 Computer science & AI
TP31 Computer architecture
TP32 Software engineering
TP33 Artificial intelligence (neural networks, deep learning, AGI research)
TP39 Quantum computing, brain-inspired computing
TQ Chemical technology
TS Light industry, textile, food technology
TU Civil engineering & architecture
TV Water conservancy engineering
TZ Military technology (classified)
U Transportation
V Aviation & Aerospace
V1–V4 Aviation
V4 Spaceflight technology
V7 Space exploration, satellite technology, lunar/Mars bases
X Environmental Science, Safety Science
X1 Environmental science basics
X2 Environmental protection & management
X3 Pollution control
X4 Waste management & recycling
X5 Disaster prevention & mitigation
X7 Climate change & carbon neutrality
X8 Occupational safety & health
Z Generalities (综合图书)
Z1 Collected works
Z2 Encyclopedias, dictionaries
Z3 Handbooks, yearbooks
Z4 Journals & serials
Z5–Z8 Various general reference works
Sarvarthapedia Conceptual Network
A Cross-Referenced Knowledge Web Based on Chinese Library Classification (CLC 2025)
I. Foundational Ideological Systems (A ↔ B ↔ C ↔ D)
A. Political-Ideological Core
- Marxism–Leninism and its Chinese developments form the ideological superstructure.
- Cross-links:
- Connects to D0 Political Theory (statecraft, governance models)
- Influences F0 Economic Theory (planned vs hybrid economies)
- Shapes G2 Education (curriculum ideology)
- Intersects with B0 Philosophy Theory (dialectical materialism)
B. Philosophy and Religion (B)
- Serves as the epistemological and metaphysical base.
- Internal clusters:
- Chinese philosophy (Confucianism, Daoism)
- World philosophy traditions
- Religious systems
- Cross-links:
- With Q7 Anthropology (human nature, culture)
- With R6 Psychiatry (mind, consciousness)
- With I0 Literary Theory (aesthetics, narrative meaning)
- With O1 Mathematics (logic, formal reasoning)
C. Social Sciences (C)
- Integrative domain connecting human systems.
- Cross-links:
- With F Economics (resource allocation)
- With D Politics & Law (institutional structures)
- With G Education & Culture (knowledge systems)
II. Governance, Law, and Power Structures (D ↔ E ↔ F)
D. Politics and Law
- Core of institutional organization and authority.
- Sub-networks:
- Domestic governance (China-specific)
- International law and geopolitics
- Cross-links:
- With E Military Science (defense policy)
- With F Economics (regulation, policy economy)
- With X Environmental Policy (climate governance)
- With K Geography (territorial sovereignty)
E. Military Science
- Applied strategic and technological domain.
- Cross-links:
- With T Industrial Technology (weapons systems)
- With V Aerospace (defense and space militarization)
- With D Politics (war theory, strategy)
F. Economics
- Central node in applied social sciences.
- Internal clusters:
- Finance (F8)
- Digital economy (F9)
- Cross-links:
- With TP33 Artificial Intelligence (automation economy)
- With S Agriculture (food systems)
- With X Climate Change (green economy)
- With G Education (human capital formation)
III. Knowledge, Culture, and Expression (G ↔ H ↔ I ↔ J)
G. Culture, Science, Education, Sports
- Knowledge dissemination hub.
- Cross-links:
- With TP Computer Science (edtech, digital knowledge)
- With H Linguistics (language of instruction)
- With Z Generalities (encyclopedic systems)
H. Languages and Linguistics
- Foundation of symbolic communication.
- Cross-links:
- With I Literature (expression)
- With TP AI (natural language processing)
- With B Philosophy (logic, meaning)
I. Literature
- Narrative and cultural reflection system.
- Cross-links:
- With J Art (aesthetic forms)
- With K History (historical narratives)
- With B Philosophy (existential themes)
J. Art
- Visual, auditory, and performative expression.
- Cross-links:
- With TP33 AI Art (generative systems)
- With G Culture (cultural identity)
- With K Archaeology (historical artifacts)
IV. Space-Time and Human Context (K ↔ N ↔ P)
K. History and Geography
- Temporal and spatial mapping of humanity.
- Cross-links:
- With P Earth Sciences (physical geography)
- With Q Anthropology (human evolution)
- With D Politics (historical state formation)
N. Natural Sciences (General Theory)
- Meta-scientific coordination layer.
- Cross-links:
- With O Mathematics (formal modeling)
- With P Astronomy & Earth Sciences
- With Q Life Sciences
P. Earth and Space Sciences
- Universe and planetary systems.
- Cross-links:
- With V Aerospace (space exploration)
- With X Climate Science
- With O Physics
V. Formal and Physical Sciences (O ↔ Q ↔ R)
O. Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry
- Fundamental laws and structures.
- Cross-links:
- With TP Computing (algorithms, AI)
- With Q Biology (biophysics, biochemistry)
- With T Engineering (applied sciences)
Q. Life Sciences
- Study of living systems.
- Cross-links:
- With R Medicine
- With X Ecology
- With S Agriculture
- With B Philosophy (life, consciousness)
R. Medicine and Health
- Human health systems.
- Cross-links:
- With Q Biology
- With TP AI (medical AI, diagnostics)
- With X Public Health & Environment
- With B Mind-Body Philosophy
VI. Production, Technology, and Infrastructure (S ↔ T ↔ U ↔ V)
S. Agricultural Sciences
- Food and biological resource systems.
- Cross-links:
- With Q Ecology
- With F Economics (food markets)
- With X Sustainability
T. Industrial Technology
- Central applied technology cluster.
- Key nodes:
- TP3 Computer Science
- TP33 Artificial Intelligence
- TP39 Quantum Computing
- Cross-links:
- With O Mathematics
- With F Digital Economy
- With V Aerospace
- With X Environmental Tech
U. Transportation
- Mobility systems.
- Cross-links:
- With F Trade Economics
- With T Engineering
- With K Geography
V. Aerospace
- Aviation and space exploration.
- Cross-links:
- With P Astronomy
- With E Military
- With TP Advanced Computing
VII. Environment and Sustainability (X ↔ Q ↔ F ↔ D)
X. Environmental Science and Safety
- Planetary systems and sustainability.
- Core node: Climate change (X7)
- Cross-links:
- With F Green Economy
- With D Environmental Policy
- With Q Ecology
- With P Atmospheric Science
VIII. Meta-Knowledge and Reference Systems (Z ↔ G ↔ TP)
Z. Generalities
- Encyclopedias, knowledge aggregation.
- Cross-links:
- With G Knowledge Dissemination
- With TP Information Systems
- With all domains as indexing layer
IX. Central Integrative Clusters in Sarvarthapedia
1. Human Condition Cluster
- B Philosophy
- Q Life Sciences
- R Medicine
- I Literature
- H Linguistics
2. Power and Society Cluster
- A Ideology
- D Politics
- F Economics
- E Military
3. Knowledge and Intelligence Cluster
- G Education
- TP Artificial Intelligence
- O Mathematics
- Z Knowledge Systems
4. Earth-System Cluster
- P Earth Sciences
- X Environment
- Q Ecology
- S Agriculture
5. Technology-Civilization Cluster
- T Industrial Technology
- V Aerospace
- U Transportation
- F Digital Economy
X. Cross-Domain Meta-Connections
AI as a Universal Connector
- Links TP33 Artificial Intelligence to:
- Medicine (R)
- Economics (F)
- Linguistics (H)
- Art (J)
- Military (E)
Climate as a Global Constraint
- Links X7 Climate Change to:
- Economics (F)
- Agriculture (S)
- Politics (D)
- Energy (TK)
Philosophy as a Root Layer
- Links B Philosophy to:
- Science methodology (N, O)
- Ethics in AI (TP33)
- Governance (D)
XI. Structural Logic of the Network
Horizontal Links
- Same-level disciplines interacting (e.g., F ↔ D ↔ G)
Vertical Links
- Theory → Application:
- O Mathematics → TP Computing → T Engineering
Diagonal Links
- Cross-domain synthesis:
- B Philosophy ↔ TP AI ↔ R Psychiatry
Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
Sarvarthapedia Crosswalk Network
Integrating Chinese Library Classification (CLC 2025) with Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
I. Foundational Mapping Layer (CLC ↔ LCC Equivalence)
A. Ideology, Philosophy, Religion
- CLC A (Marxism & Chinese Ideology) ↔ LCC B–BX (Philosophy, Psychology, Religion)
- CLC B (Philosophy, Religion) ↔ LCC B (Philosophy), BL–BX (Religion)
Cross-Concept Links
- Dialectical materialism ↔ Western metaphysics
- Confucianism ↔ Ethics (LCC BJ)
- Religion clusters ↔ Comparative theology (LCC BL)
B. Social Systems and Governance
- CLC C (Social Sciences) ↔ LCC H (Social Sciences)
- CLC D (Politics, Law) ↔ LCC J (Political Science), K (Law)
- CLC E (Military Science) ↔ LCC U–V (Military, Naval Science)
Cross-Concept Links
- Governance models ↔ Political institutions (J)
- Legal systems ↔ Comparative law (K)
- Military doctrine ↔ Strategic studies (U)
C. Economic Systems
- CLC F (Economics) ↔ LCC H (Economics, Finance, Labor)
Cross-Concept Links
- Digital economy (F9) ↔ Information economy (LCC HC, HF)
- Finance (F8) ↔ Banking systems (HG)
- Development economics ↔ Global economic history (HC)
II. Culture, Language, and Expression (G ↔ H ↔ I ↔ J)
A. Knowledge and Education
- CLC G (Culture, Education, Science) ↔ LCC L (Education), Z (Information Science)
Cross-Links
- Knowledge dissemination ↔ Library science (Z)
- Education systems ↔ Pedagogy (L)
B. Language Systems
- CLC H (Languages) ↔ LCC P (Language and Literature)
Cross-Links
- Linguistics ↔ Philology (P)
- AI language processing ↔ Computational linguistics (QA, P)
C. Literature and Arts
- CLC I (Literature) ↔ LCC P (Literature)
- CLC J (Art) ↔ LCC N (Fine Arts), M (Music), PN (Drama/Film)
Cross-Links
- Literary theory ↔ Criticism (PN)
- Digital art ↔ Media arts (N, TR)
- Film & TV ↔ Performing arts (PN)
III. Historical and Spatial Systems (K ↔ G ↔ D)
A. History and Geography
- CLC K (History, Geography) ↔ LCC D–F (World History), G (Geography, Anthropology)
Cross-Links
- Chinese history ↔ Asian history (DS)
- GIS systems ↔ Cartography (G)
- Archaeology ↔ Material culture (CC)
IV. Scientific Foundations (N ↔ O ↔ P ↔ Q ↔ R)
A. Natural Sciences
- CLC N (General Science) ↔ LCC Q (Science General)
B. Mathematics and Physical Sciences
- CLC O (Math, Physics, Chemistry) ↔ LCC QA (Math), QC (Physics), QD (Chemistry)
C. Earth and Space
- CLC P (Astronomy, Earth Sciences) ↔ LCC QB (Astronomy), QE (Geology), QC (Atmosphere)
D. Life Sciences
- CLC Q (Biology) ↔ LCC QH–QL (Biology, Zoology)
E. Medicine
- CLC R (Medicine) ↔ LCC R (Medicine)
Cross-Concept Links
- Biochemistry ↔ Molecular science (QD, QH)
- Neuroscience ↔ Psychiatry (RC)
- Public health ↔ Epidemiology (RA)
V. Applied Sciences and Technology (S ↔ T ↔ U ↔ V)
A. Agriculture
- CLC S (Agriculture) ↔ LCC S (Agriculture)
B. Engineering and Industry
- CLC T (Industrial Technology) ↔ LCC T (Technology)
Key Sub-Mappings
- TP (Computer Science, AI) ↔ QA76 (Computer Science)
- AI (TP33) ↔ Machine learning (QA76.9)
- Quantum computing (TP39) ↔ QA, QC intersections
C. Transportation
- CLC U (Transportation) ↔ LCC HE (Transportation)
D. Aerospace
- CLC V (Aerospace) ↔ LCC TL–TX (Aeronautics, Astronautics)
VI. Environment and Sustainability (X ↔ Q ↔ GE)
Environmental Systems
- CLC X (Environmental Science) ↔ LCC GE (Environmental Sciences)
Cross-Links
- Climate change ↔ Global systems (GE)
- Sustainability ↔ Ecology (QH)
- Disaster management ↔ Risk systems (HV)
VII. Meta-Knowledge Systems (Z ↔ Z ↔ QA)
Knowledge Organization
- CLC Z (Generalities) ↔ LCC Z (Library Science, Information Science)
Cross-Links
- Encyclopedias ↔ Reference systems (AE)
- Knowledge graphs ↔ Information retrieval (QA76, Z)
VIII. Cross-System Integrative Clusters
1. Ideology–Philosophy–Politics Cluster
- CLC: A–B–D
- LCC: B–J–K
- Connects:
- Ethics ↔ Governance
- Ideology ↔ Policy
2. Economy–Technology–Society Cluster
- CLC: F–T–G
- LCC: H–T–L
- Connects:
- Digital economy ↔ Computing
- Education ↔ Workforce systems
3. Science–Technology–Medicine Cluster
- CLC: O–Q–R–T
- LCC: Q–R–T
- Connects:
- AI ↔ Medicine
- Physics ↔ Engineering
4. Environment–Earth–Life Cluster
- CLC: X–P–Q–S
- LCC: GE–QE–QH–S
- Connects:
- Climate ↔ Agriculture
- Ecology ↔ Sustainability
5. Culture–Language–Expression Cluster
- CLC: G–H–I–J
- LCC: L–P–N–M
- Connects:
- Language ↔ Literature
- Art ↔ Cultural identity
IX. High-Connectivity Nodes (Universal Bridges)
Artificial Intelligence Node
- CLC: TP33
- LCC: QA76
- Links:
- Medicine (R ↔ R)
- Linguistics (H ↔ P)
- Economics (F ↔ H)
- Art (J ↔ N)
Climate Change Node
- CLC: X7
- LCC: GE
- Links:
- Policy (D ↔ J)
- Agriculture (S ↔ S)
- Energy (T ↔ TJ/TK)
Knowledge Systems Node
- CLC: Z + G1
- LCC: Z + QA
- Links:
- Libraries ↔ AI search systems
- Encyclopedias ↔ Knowledge graphs
X. Structural Integration Logic
1. Parallel Taxonomy Mapping
- Each CLC class aligns with an LCC domain, enabling direct catalog interoperability.
2. Cross-Referencing Layer (“See Also” System)
- Each node contains:
- Equivalent class (CLC ↔ LCC)
- Neighboring domains (horizontal links)
- Applied extensions (vertical links)
3. Knowledge Graph Model
- Nodes = Subjects (CLC + LCC merged)
- Edges =
- Conceptual similarity
- Functional dependency
- Historical influence
XI. Example Cross-Reference Entry (Prototype)
Artificial Intelligence
- CLC: TP33
- LCC: QA76.9
See Also
- Linguistics (CLC H ↔ LCC P)
- Medicine (CLC R ↔ LCC R)
- Economics (CLC F ↔ LCC H)
- Philosophy of mind (CLC B ↔ LCC B)
This integrated network transforms both CLC and LCC into a unified, cross-referenced conceptual system, where each discipline is simultaneously a classification node and a relational knowledge hub within Sarvarthapedia.
