Issued: December 9, 1991
Tibet Autonomous Region Temporary Measures on the Management of Religious Affairs
(Adopted by the Standing Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Government on December 9, 1991, and promulgated by the Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Government on December 20, 1991)
Tibet is divided under Chinese rule into the following administrative units: a) Tibet Autonomous Region, b) Qinghai Province, c) Tianzu Tibetan Autonomous County and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province, d) Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Mili Tibetan Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, e) Dechen Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.
These temporary measures are specially formulated in accordance with the Constitution, laws, regulations, and relevant policies, and by integrating our regionโs actual management of religious affairs, for the purposes of ensuring citizens’ freedom of religious belief; safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of religious organizations and venues for religious activities, safeguarding the unification of the motherland, the unity of ethnic minorities, and social stability; and constructing a socialist new Tibet.
Article 1
The government respects and protects citizens’ freedom of religious belief. All religions, religious sects, religious organizations, and venues for religious activities are equal. Religious believers and non-religious believers, and the masses who believe in different religions and different religious sects shall respect each other, mutually unite, and jointly devote themselves to social stability and the construction of spiritual and material civilizations in our region.
Article 2
All the activities of every religious organization and venue for religious activities must be conducted within the scope of the stateโs Constitution, laws, regulations, and policies. The government protects normal religious and religious affairs activities carried out by religious personnel.
Article 3
The government protects the lawful rights and interests of religious organizations and venues for religious activities. All religious organizations, venues for religious activities, and individuals shall accept the leadership of the Party and the government, and support the socialist system. Religion must not interfere with the administration of the state, the judiciary, school education, or social public education, and must not reestablish previously abolished feudal privileges and oppressive exploitative systems, as well as subordinate relationships between temples.
Article 4
On the whole, all venues for religious activities of every religion and religious sect that have been restored and opened throughout the region have basically satisfied the necessities of the normal religious activities of the masses who believe in religion. Henceforth, new venues for religious activities must not be restored and opened without obtaining approval from the autonomous region peopleโs government.
Within the borders of the autonomous region, restored and opened venues for religious activities shall register in accordance with the measures of State Religious Affairs Bureau Circular No. 110 (1991) and establish various records. Registered venues for religious activities receive the protection of the law.
Article 5
A venue for religious activities is managed by the government where it is located, and this government must earnestly formulate concrete administrative management measures for the venue for religious activities under its management, and pragmatically supervise well.
Article 6
Outside of ordinary religious activities, every venue for religious activities must report to the local government and relevant departments when holding any large religious activity or large-scale religious festival, and coordinate with the relevant departments to preserve order during the activity.
Article 7
Determinations are made of the size of the roster and [specific] Buddhist monk and nun personnel at venues for religious activities. Every prefecture (city) shall, on the basis of thorough investigation and research and in consultation with the local Buddhist Association, determine numbers for the size of the roster, and execute it to the letter after undergoing examination and approval.
1. For a roster sized at more than 100 people (including 100), the prefecture (city) puts forth an opinion, [and the matter] undergoes examination and verification by the region’s ethnic and religious affairs commission, and is reported to the autonomous region’s people’s government for examination and approval.
2. For a roster sized at more than 50 people (including 50), the prefecture (city) puts forth an opinion, and [the matter is] reported to the region’s ethnic and religious affairs commission for examination and approval.
3. For a roster sized at more than 5 people and under 50 people, the prefecture’s (city) ethnic and religious affairs bureau puts forward an opinion, and [the matter is] reported to the provincial administrative office and municipal government for examination and approval.
4. For a roster sized at 1 to 5 people at ordinary lhakhang [temples] and ritro [mountain hermitages], [the matter is] examined and approved by the county people’s government.
Article 8
When temples absorb Buddhist monks and nuns within the scope of their roster, examination and registration must be carried out for the purpose of ensuring quality.
1. Those who voluntarily request to enter a temple as a Buddhist monk or nun must be patriotic and law-abiding, pious believers, and abide by Buddhist canons and every aspect of the temple system. The individual [who requests to enter a temple] first puts forth a written application, and also seeks instructors and scripture teachers as guarantors.
2. After receiving the application, the Democratic Management Committee (group) must strictly examine [such matters as] the applicant’s goals and reasons for entering the temple and whether his or her behavior is upright.
3. The instructor and scripture teacher acting as guarantors must be responsible for the guarantee’s moral education and the teaching of Buddhist and temple canons, and ensure that she or he observes discipline and law, and is patriotic and devout.
4. After the above conditions exist, those who have spent more than a year being examined and meeting qualifications fill out a registration form in triplicate, and the instructor and scripture teacher acting as guarantors sign and seal it. The Democratic Management Committee (group) reports to the responsible religious affairs department for examination and approval within its quota for designating a roster, issues a unified certificate or credentials, and places [the applicant] into the temple registry. Only then can she or he become formal Buddhist monk and nun personnel of the temple.
5. A templeโs Buddhist monk and nun personnel enjoy all the rights of a citizen, and must fulfill all the duties of a citizen.
6. Buddhist monk and nun personnel who violate Buddhist or temple rules shall, according to the degree of seriousness of the circumstances, respectively be given education, warning, or expulsion, or have their certificate or credentials revoked.
7. Tibetan compatriot monks and nuns outside the borders returning to China to reside who request to enter a temple must undertake procedures for residence according to the pertinent regulations for Tibetan compatriots from outside China returning to China to reside, and only then can they undertake the procedures for entering a temple as stipulated.
8. Buddhist monk and nun personnel have the freedom to voluntarily withdraw from their temple. Those who withdraw from their temple must undertake the procedures for leaving a temple and return to their original residence.
Article 9
Concerning the management of interaction between religious personnel from our region and outside provincial areas:
1. All monks and nuns from Tibetan Buddhist temples in outside provincial areas who come to our region to engage in advanced study of scripture must obtain consent from the religious affairs department of the provincial area where the visiting monk or nun resides, in consultation with the religious affairs department of our region, and only then, while bearing proof [of this], can [the person] pursue advanced studies at a designated temple in our region. While engaging in advanced studies, he or she must submit to the arrangements of the temple’s Democratic Management Committee and abide by the regulations of the temple.
2. When religious personnel from outside provincial areas come to our region or our regionโs religious personnel go to outside provincial areas to engage in such religious activities as expounding Buddhist sutras, or transmitting doctrine, it is necessary to contact in advance the religious affairs department in the provincial area where they reside, and after both sides consent, only then can proof for travel be provided.
3. Various kinds of Buddhist activities at venues for religious activities must be led by qualified Buddhist monk or nun personnel from the temple. Religious followers from outside provincial areas may go to venues for religious activities to live a religious life [guo zongjiao shenghuo], but if they have not obtained permission from the government at the county level or above, must not assemble a crowd to carry out such activities as expounding the Buddhist sutras or transmitting Buddhist doctrine without authorization.
Article 10
Among Tibetan compatriots from outside China, religious personnel who return to China to visit relatives or for travel may go to the regionโs open venues for religious activities to live a religious life, but are forbidden from convening Buddhist monks and nuns and the masses to lead religious activities; are forbidden from performing meeting and sending off or head-touching [blessing] activities; and are forbidden from receiving alms. Venues for religious activities that have not been opened, and have not been approved by the relevant department, must prohibit without exception foreign tour groups, individual visits, pilgrimages, and sightseeing.
Article 11
Venues for religious activities shall gradually walk the path of self-sustainability. They shall, in accordance with their specific conditions, and within their power, engage in such service industries as secondary farming and herding, industry and commerce, and tourism and hospitality; run a number of social welfare services appropriate to the characteristics of a venue for religious activities; increase income and improve livelihoods; and progressively achieve self-sustainability. All levels of government should give preferential policies to various enterprises such as production and service whose goal is self-sustainability, and support and assist them in achieving self-sustainability.
Article 12
Where old, weak, sick, and disabled Buddhist monks and nuns from venues for religious activities of every religious sect have no one to depend on, the government’s Ministry of Civil Affairs shall treat them equally without discrimination under the five welfare guarantees of society.
Article 13
Venues for religious activities approved to be opened, and their Buddhist monks and nuns, may receive voluntary alms and tribute from followers, under the principle of not influencing production or livelihoods. But they are forbidden to go to agricultural and pastoral areas and cities and towns to obtain property and labor in the name of [doing such things as] restoring a temple or casting an image of the Buddha, and are also forbidden to accept contracted land from the masses.
Article 14
All levels of government and residence (village) committees shall earnestly bear responsibility and adopt measures for strengthening the management of Buddhist monks and nuns scattered amidst society.
Article 15
The Buddhist Association is a mass organization of personages from religious circles and religious believers, and a bridge for the Party and government to unite and educate personages from religious circles and the believing masses. Its effectiveness shall be vigorously brought into play under the administrative leadership of the government’s religious affairs department.
Article 16
The Buddhist Association shall carry on the tradition of self-education; take the initiative to organize members and working personnel for regular study of current political affairs; carry out education in such [topics] as patriotism, socialism, ethnic unity, and national laws and regulations, and continuously heighten consciousness on safeguarding unification of the motherland, opposing separatism, being patriotic and abiding by the law, and strengthening ethnic unity.
Article 17
The Buddhist Association shall, according to the tasks stipulated in the constitution of the association, research and formulate a work plan. [The Buddhist Association] shall focus work on guiding and helping the Democratic Management Committee (group) of each venue for religious activities earnestly implement the “Rules for Democratic Management of Tibetan Buddhist Temples” (trial rules); strengthen relations between Buddhist monks and nuns and the believing masses; guide the Buddhist activities of temples; and assist in planning such matters as the livelihoods of Buddhist monks and nuns, production, public order in the temple, and the study of current political affairs. It shall also positively assist the government in doing work pertaining to unity between the believing and non-believing masses.
Article 18
The autonomous region’s ethnic and religious affairs commission shall help support the Chinese Buddhist Association’s Tibet branch earnestly manage the scripture study classes at the Tibetan Institute of Buddhism and each temple, and in a planned manner foster a religious personnel team that has an ardent love of the motherland, accepts party and government leadership, supports the socialist system, safeguards unification of the motherland and ethnic unity, possesses religious knowledge, and can connect with the masses.
Article 19
Our regionโs religious organizations shall, on the basis of equality and friendship and independence and autonomy, actively take the initiative to develop religion-related foreign exchanges. During these exchanges, they shall not accept the domination of foreign forces.
Article 20
When our regionโs religious organizations invite foreign religious organizations, or receive an invitation to make a visit or to participate in such exchange activities as academic exchanges, it is necessary to obtain approval from the autonomous region’s people’s government or the State Council’s Religious Affairs Bureau. Major activities involving foreign affairs shall be reported to the State Council for examination and approval.
Article 21
In the process of developing foreign exchange and cooperation, when the relevant department signs the relevant items involving foreign religious organizations and their subsidiary organizations or people, terms with religious content such as related to proselytizing, establishing religious organizations, and constructing temples are forbidden.
Article 22
When non-religious organizations invite or receive various organizations with a religious background or an influential religious personage to visit, travel, etc., they shall promptly inform the autonomous region’s ethnic and religious affairs commission of the situation.
Article 23
Our regionโs religious organizations and venues for religious activities shall resolutely resist all sorts of illegal activities carried out by foreign forces utilizing such methods as constructing temples, leading religious activities, or confirming soul boys [children who are the reincarnations of lamas] in an attempt to control our regionโs temples.
Article 24
All religious organizations, venues for religious activities, and persons are forbidden from accepting foreign funds with conditions attached such as subsidies and those for proselytizing. Religious organizations, venues for religious activities, and individuals receiving large donations from foreign religious organizations and believers shall obtain approval from the autonomous region’s people’s government or the State Council’s Religious Affairs Bureau.
Article 25
Resolutely attack such criminal activities as using religion to incite a disturbance, manufacturing chaos, carrying out the separation of the motherland, destroying ethnic unity, and throwing public order into chaos. Where a small number of Buddhist monks and nuns from specific venues for religious activities repeatedly participate in creating a disturbance, those who carry out separatist sabotage activities shall be handled by looking at the situation, distinguishing circumstances, and separately adopting such measures as education or rectification.
Article 26
As for religious books and periodicals, and religious audio and video appliances with reactionary content such as [that which] incites “Tibetan Independence,” [the matter] shall be strictly examined and handled in accordance with the measures stipulated in Document No. 35 (1990) issued by the six units including the autonomous region ethnic and religious affairs commission.
Article 27
When publishing works touching upon religion, the propaganda and publishing departments shall do a rigorous final check, and not permit violations of party and state religious policy, or harm to the religious sentiments of the believing masses, nor permit utilizing religion to distort history, or harm national unification and ethnic unity.
Article 28
According to the “decentralize custody, active use” principle, every venue for religious activities shall strengthen its management of religious relics, and emphasize guarding against theft and fire. Religious relics must not be presented as gifts, be transferred, or be offered for sale as one pleases. All levels of the cultural relics department shall help venues for religious activities protect religious relics, and every venue for religious activities shall also assist all levels of the cultural relics department with their work on the use of religious relics, letting religious relics play their due role in safeguarding unification of the motherland, publicizing Tibet, and expanding influence abroad.
Article 29
The right to interpret these measures rests with the autonomous region’s ethnic and religious affairs commission.
Article 30
These measures enter into force on the day that they are promulgated.
่ฅฟ่่ชๆฒปๅบๅฎๆไบๅก็ฎก็ๆ่กๅๆณ
่ฅฟ่่ชๆฒปๅบๅฎๆไบๅก็ฎก็ๆ่กๅๆณ
๏ผ1991ๅนด12ๆ9ๆฅ่ฅฟ่่ชๆฒปๅบไบบๆฐๆฟๅบๅธธๅกไผ่ฎฎ้่ฟ๏ผ1991ๅนด12ๆ20ๆฅ่ฅฟ่่ชๆฒปๅบไบบๆฐๆฟๅบ้ขๅธ๏ผ
ไธบไฟ้ๅ ฌๆฐๅฎๆไฟกไปฐ่ช็ฑ๏ผ็ปดๆคๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ็ๅๆณๆ็๏ผ็ปดๆค็ฅๅฝ็ปไธใๆฐๆๅข็ปๅ็คพไผๅฎๅฎ๏ผๅปบ่ฎพ็คพไผไธปไนๆฐ่ฅฟ่๏ผไพๆฎๅฎชๆณใๆณๅพใๆณ่งๅๆๅ ณๆฟ็ญ๏ผ็ปๅๆๅบๅฎ้ ๅฏนๅฎๆไบๅก่ฟ่ก็ฎก็๏ผ็นๅถๅฎๆฌๆ่กๅๆณใ
็ฌฌไธๆก ๆฟๅบๅฐ้ๅไฟๆคๅ ฌๆฐ็ๅฎๆไฟกไปฐ่ช็ฑ๏ผๅ็งๅฎๆใๅๆๆดพใๅๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆไธๅพๅนณ็ญ๏ผไฟกๆๅไธไฟกๆใไฟกไปฐไธๅๅฎๆๅๅๆๆดพ็็พคไผ้ฝ่ฆๅฝผๆญคๅฐ้๏ผ็ธไบๅข็ป๏ผๅ ฑๅ่ดๅไบๆๅบ็็คพไผ็จณๅฎๅ็ฒพ็ฅๆๆใ็ฉ่ดจๆๆๅปบ่ฎพใ
็ฌฌไบๆก ๅๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ็ไธๅๆดปๅจๅฟ ้กปๅจๅฝๅฎถๅฎชๆณใๆณๅพใๆณ่งๅๆฟ็ญ่ๅดๅ ่ฟ่กใๆฟๅบไฟๆคๅฎๆ่ไธไบบๅๅฑฅ่กๆญฃๅธธ็ๅฎๆๅๆๅกๆดปๅจใ
็ฌฌไธๆก ๆฟๅบไฟๆคๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ็ๅๆณๆ็ใไปปไฝๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆๅไธชไบบ้ฝ่ฆๆฅๅๅ ๅๆฟๅบ็้ขๅฏผ๏ผๆฅๆค็คพไผไธปไนๅถๅบฆใๅฎๆไธๅพๅนฒๆถๅฝๅฎถ่กๆฟใๅธๆณใๅญฆๆ กๆ่ฒๅ็คพไผๅ ฌๅ ฑๆ่ฒ๏ผไธๅพๆขๅคๅทฒ่ขซๅบ้ค็ๅฐๅปบ็นๆๅๅ่ฟซๅฅๅๅถๅบฆๅๅฏบๅบไน้ด็้ถๅฑๅ ณ็ณปใ
็ฌฌๅๆก ๅ จๅบ็ปดไฟฎๅผๆพ็ๅๅฎๆใๅๆๆดพ็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ๏ผๅจๆดไฝไธๅทฒๅบๆฌๆปก่ถณไบไฟกๆ็พคไผๆญฃๅธธๅฎๆๆดปๅจ็้่ฆ๏ผไปๅๆช็ป่ชๆฒปๅบไบบๆฐๆฟๅบๆนๅ๏ผไธๅพ็ปดไฟฎๅผๆพๆฐ็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆใ
่ชๆฒปๅบๅขๅ ๅทฒ็ปดไฟฎๅผๆพ็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ๏ผ่ฆๆ็ งๅฝๅฎๅ๏ผป๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผฝ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅท้็ฅๅๆณ่ฟ่ก็ป่ฎฐ๏ผๅปบ็ซๅ็ฑปๆกฃๆกใ็ป็ป่ฎฐ็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆๅๆณๅพไฟๆคใ
็ฌฌไบๆก ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ็ฑๆๅจๅฐๆฟๅบ็ฎก็๏ผๆๅจๅฐๆฟๅบๅฏน่ชๅทฑ่ด่ดฃ็ฎก็็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ๏ผๅฟ ้กป่ฎค็ๅถๅฎๅ ทไฝ่กๆฟ็ฎก็ๆชๆฝ๏ผๅๅฎ็ฎกๅฅฝใ
็ฌฌๅ ญๆก ๅๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ้คไธ่ฌๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅค๏ผๅกไธพ่ก้ๅคงๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅๅคงๅๅฎๆ่ๆฅ๏ผ้กปๅๅฝๅฐๆฟๅบๅๆๅ ณ้จ้จๆฅๅ๏ผๅนถ้ ๅๆๅ ณ้จ้จ็ปดๆๅฅฝๆดปๅจๆ้ด็็งฉๅบใ
็ฌฌไธๆก ๅฏนๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ็ๅงๅฐผๅฎ่กๅฎ็ผๅฎๅใๅๅฐ๏ผๅธ๏ผ่ฆๅจๆทฑๅ ฅ่ฐๆฅ็ ็ฉถ็ๅบ็กไธไธๅฝๅฐไฝๆๅไผๅๅ๏ผๆๅบๅฎ็ผๆฐ๏ผๆฅ็ปๅฎกๆนๅไธฅๆ ผๆง่กใ
๏ผใๅฏนๅฎ็ผๅจ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผไบบไปฅไธ๏ผๅซ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผไบบ๏ผ็๏ผ็ฑๅฐ๏ผๅธ๏ผๆๅบๆ่ง๏ผ็ปๅบๆฐๅฎๅงๅฎกๆ ธ๏ผๆฅ่ชๆฒปๅบไบบๆฐๆฟๅบๅฎกๆนใ
๏ผใๅฏนๅฎ็ผๅจ๏ผ๏ผไบบไปฅไธ๏ผๅซ๏ผ๏ผไบบ๏ผ็๏ผ็ฑๅฐ๏ผๅธ๏ผๆๅบๆ่ง๏ผๆฅๅบๆฐๅฎๅงๅฎกๆนใ
๏ผใๅฏนๅฎ็ผๅจ๏ผไบบไปฅไธใ๏ผ๏ผไบบไปฅไธ็๏ผ็ฑๅฐ๏ผๅธ๏ผๆฐๅฎๅฑๆๅบๆ่ง๏ผๆฅ่ก็ฝฒใๅธๅบๅฎกๆนใ
๏ผใๅฏนไธ่ฌๆๅบทใๆฅ่ฟฝๅฎ็ผไธ่ณไบไบบ๏ผ็ฑๅฟไบบๆฐๆฟๅบๅฎกๆนใ
็ฌฌๅ ซๆก ๅฏบๅบๅจๅฎ็ผ่ๅดๅ ๅธๆถๅงๅฐผๆถ๏ผไธบไบไฟ่ฏ่ดจ้๏ผๅฟ ้กป่ฟ่ก่ๆ ธ็ป่ฎฐ๏ผ
๏ผใ่ชๆฟ่ฆๆฑๅ ฅๅฏบไธบๅงๅฐผ็๏ผๅฟ ้กป็ฑๅฝๅฎๆณใ่่ฏไฟกๆใ้ตๅฎๆ่งๅๅฏบๅบๅ้กนๅถๅบฆใๅ ็ฑๆฌไบบๆๅบไนฆ้ข็ณ่ฏท๏ผๅนถ่ชๆพๆ ไฟๆๅธๅ็ปๅธใ
๏ผใๆฐ็ฎกไผ๏ผ็ป๏ผๆฅๅฐ็ณ่ฏทๅ๏ผๅฟ ้กปไธฅๆ ผๆ ธๆฅ็ณ่ฏทไบบๅ ฅๅฏบ็็ฎ็ๅๅๅ ๏ผๅ่กๆฏๅฆ็ซฏๆญฃ็ญใ
๏ผใๆ ไฟๆๅธๅ็ปๅธๅฟ ้กป่ด่ดฃๆๆ ไฟ่ ็ๅๅพทๆ่ฒ๏ผๆ่งๅฏบ่ง็ๆไน ๏ผ็กฎไฟๅ ถ้ต็บชๅฎๆณ๏ผ็ฑๅฝ็ฑๆใ
๏ผใไธ่ฟฐๆกไปถๅ ทๅคๅ๏ผ็ปไธๅนดไปฅไธๆถ้ดๆ ธๆฅๅๆ ผ่ ๏ผๆฌไบบๅกซๅ็ป่ฎฐ่กจๆ ผไธๅผไธไปฝ๏ผๆ ไฟๆๅธๅ็ปๅธ็ญพๅญ็็ซ ๏ผ็ฑๆฐ็ฎกไผ๏ผ็ป๏ผๅจๅฎ็ผ้้ขๅ ไธๆฅไธป็ฎกๅฎๆ้จ้จๅฎกๆน๏ผๅ็ป็ปไธ็ๅบฆ็ขๆ่ฏไนฆ๏ผๅ ฅๅฏบๅบๆท็ฑ๏ผๆนๅฏๆไธบๆฌๅฏบๆญฃๅผๅฎๅๅงๅฐผใ
๏ผใๅฏบๅบๅฎๅๅงๅฐผไบซๆๅ ฌๆฐ็ไธๅๆๅฉ๏ผๅฟ ้กปๅฑฅ่กๅ ฌๆฐ็ไธๅไนๅกใ
๏ผใๅฎๅๅงๅฐผ่ฟ็ฏๆ่งๅฏบ่ง่ ๏ผ่ฆๆ นๆฎๆ ่่ฝป้๏ผๅๅซ็ปไบๆ่ฒใ่ญฆๅ็ดๅฐ้คๅ๏ผๆถๅ่ฏไนฆๆๅบฆ่ถใ
๏ผใๅขๅคๅๅฝๅฎๅฑ ็่่ๅงๅฐผ่ฆๆฑๅ ฅๅฏบ่ ๏ผ้กปๆ็ ง่่ๅๅฝๅฎๅฑ ็ๆๅ ณ่งๅฎๅ็ๅฎๅฑ ๆ็ปญ๏ผๆนๅฏๆ่งๅฎๅ็ๅ ฅๅฏบๆ็ปญใ
๏ผใๅฎๅๅงๅฐผๆ่ชๆฟ้ๅฏบ่ช็ฑใ้ๅฏบ่ ๅฟ ้กปๅ็ฆปๅฏบๆ็ปญ๏ผ่ฟๅๅ็ฑใ
็ฌฌไนๆก ๅ ณไบๆๅบไธๅค็ๅบไน้ดๅฎๆ่ไธไบบๅๅพๆฅๆดปๅจ็็ฎก็๏ผ
๏ผใๅกๆฅๆๅบๅฏบๅบ่ฟไฟฎๅญฆ็ป็ๅค็ๅบ่ไผ ไฝๆ็ๅฏบๅบๅงๅฐผ๏ผๅฟ ้กป็ปๆๅจ็ๅบๅฎๆ้จ้จๅๅพๆๅบๅฎๆ้จ้จๅๆๅ๏ผๆนๅฏๆ่ฏๆๅๆฅๆๅบๆๅฎ็ๅฏบๅบ่ฟไฟฎๆทฑ้ ใๅจ่ฟไฟฎๆ้ด๏ผๅฟ ้กปๆไป่ฏฅๅฏบๆฐ็ฎกไผ็ๅฎๆ๏ผ้ตๅฎ่ฏฅๅฏบ็่ง็ซ ๅถๅบฆใ
๏ผใ็ๅบ็ๅฎๆ่ไธไบบๅๆฅๆๅบๆๆๅบๅฎๆ่ไธไบบๅๅปๅค็ๅบ่ฟ่ก่ฎฒ็ปใไผ ๆณ็ญๅฎๆๆดปๅจ๏ผ้กป็ปๆๅจ็ๅบๅฎๆ้จ้จไบๅ่็ณป๏ผ็ปๅๆนๅๆๅๆนๅฏๅบๅ ท่ฏๆๆฅๅปใ
๏ผใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ็ๅ็งไฝไบๆดปๅจๅฟ ้กป็ฑๅฏบๅบๅ ทๅค่ตๆ ผ็ๅฎๅๅงๅฐผไธปๆ๏ผๅค็ๅบ็ๆๅพๅฏไปฅๅฐๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ่ฟๅฎๆ็ๆดป๏ผไฝๆช็ปๅฟไปฅไธๆฟๅบๅ ่ฎธ๏ผไธๅพๆ ่ช่ไผ่ฟ่ก่ฎฒ็ปใไผ ๆณ็ญๆดปๅจใ
็ฌฌๅๆก ๅขๅค่่ไธญๅๅฝๆขไบฒใๆ ๆธธ็ๅฎๆ่ไธไบบๅๅฏไปฅๅฐๅบๅ ๅผๆพ็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ่ฟๅฎๆ็ๆดป๏ผไฝไธๅๅฌ้ๅงๅฐผๅ็พคไผไธปๆๅฎๆๆดปๅจ๏ผไธๅๆ่ฟ้ใๆธ้กถๆดปๅจ๏ผไธๅๆถๅๅธๆฝใๆชๅผๆพ็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆๆช็ปๆๅ ณ้จ้จๆนๅ๏ผไธๅพ็ฆๆญขๅขๅคๆ ๆธธๅขไฝใไธชไบบๅ่งใๆๆใ่งๅ ใ
็ฌฌๅไธๆก ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ่ฆ้ๆญฅ่ตฐไปฅๅฏบๅ ปๅฏบ็้่ทฏใ่ฆๅ ๅฐๅ ๅฏบๅถๅฎ๏ผไปไบไธไบๅๆ่ฝๅ็ๅ็งๅฏไธใๅทฅๅไธไปฅๅๆ ๆธธๆฅๅพ ็ญๆๅกๆง่กไธ๏ผไธพๅไธไบ้ๅๅฎ ๆๅบๆ็น็น็็คพไผๅ ฌ็ไบไธ๏ผๅขๅ ๆถๅ ฅ๏ผๆนๅ็ๆดป๏ผ้ๆญฅๅฎ็ฐ่ชๅ ปใๅ็บงๆฟๅบๅฏนๅฑไบไปฅ่ชๅ ปไธบ็ฎ็็ๅ็ง็ไบงใๆๅก็ญไบไธ๏ผๅบ็ปไบไผๆ ๆฟ็ญ๏ผๆถๆใๅธฎๅฉไปไปฌๆๅฅฝ ่ชๅ ปใ
็ฌฌๅไบๆก ๅฏนๅๆๆดพๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆๆ ไพๆ ้ ็่ๅผฑ็ ๆฎๅงๅฐผ๏ผๆฟๅบๆฐๆฟ้จ้จ่ฆๅๅฏนๅพ ็คพไผไธ็ไบไฟๆทไธ่งๅไปใ
็ฌฌๅไธๆก ็ปๆนๅๅผๆพ็ๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆๅๅ ถๅงๅฐผ๏ผๅฏไปฅๆฅๅไฟกๅพๅจไธๅฝฑๅๅ ถ็ไบงใ็ๆดปๅๅไธ็่ชๆฟๅธๆฝๅๅฅ็ฎใไฝไธๅไปฅ็ปดไฟฎๅฏบๅบ๏ผๅก้ ไฝๅ็ญๅไนๅฐๅ็งๅบๅๅ้ๅ็พคไผๆๆดพ่ดข็ฉๅๅณๅ๏ผๆดไธๅๆฅๅ็พคไผๆฟๅ ็ๅๅฐใ
็ฌฌๅๅๆก ๅฏนๆตๆฃๅจ็คพไผไธ็ๅงๅฐผ๏ผๅ็บงๆฟๅบๅๅฑ ๆฐ๏ผๆๆฐ๏ผๅงๅไผ่ฆๅๅฎ่ด่ตท่ดฃไปป๏ผ้ๅๆชๆฝๅ ๅผบ็ฎก็ใ
็ฌฌๅไบๆก ไฝๆๅไผๆฏๅฎๆ็ไบบๅฃซๅๅฎๆไฟกๅพ็็พคไผๆงๅขไฝ๏ผๆฏๅ ๅๆฟๅบๅข็ปใๆ่ฒๅฎๆ็ไบบๅฃซๅไฟกๆ็พคไผ็ๆกฅๆขใ่ฆๅจๆฟๅบๅฎๆ้จ้จ็่กๆฟ้ขๅฏผไธ๏ผ็งฏๆๅๆฅไฝ็จใ
็ฌฌๅๅ ญๆก ไฝๆๅไผ่ฆๅๆฌ่ชๆๆ่ฒ็ไผ ็ป๏ผ่ช่งๅฐ็ป็ปๆๅๅๅทฅไฝไบบๅๅฎๆๅญฆไน ๆถไบๆฟ็ญ๏ผ่ฟ่ก็ฑๅฝไธปไนใ็คพไผไธปไนใๆฐๆๅข็ปๅๅฝๅฎถๆณๅพใๆณ่ง็ญๆ่ฒ๏ผไธๆญๆ้ซ็ปดๆค็ฅๅฝ็ปไธใๅๅฏนๅ่ฃใ็ฑๅฝๅฎๆณๅๅ ๅผบๆฐๆๅข็ป็่ช่งๆงใ
็ฌฌๅไธๆก ไฝๆๅไผ่ฆๆ็ งไผ็ซ ๆ่งๅฎ็ไปปๅก๏ผ็ ็ฉถๅๅถๅฎๅทฅไฝ่ฎกๅใ่ฆๆๅทฅไฝ้็นๆพๅจๆๅฏผใๅธฎๅฉๅๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ็ๆฐ็ฎกไผ๏ผ็ป๏ผ่ฎค็่ดฏๅฝปๆง่กใ่ฅฟ่ไฝ ๆๅฏบๅบๆฐไธป็ฎก็็ซ ็จใ๏ผ่ฏ่ก๏ผ๏ผๅ ๅผบๅๅงๅฐผๅไฟกๆ็พคไผ็่็ณป๏ผๆๅฏผๅฏบๅบ็ไฝไบๆดปๅจ๏ผๅๅฉๅฎๆๅฅฝๅงๅฐผ็็ๆดปใ็ไบงใๅฏบๅบๆฒปๅฎๅๆฟๆฒปๆถไบๅญฆไน ็ญไบๅฎใ็งฏๆๅๅฉ ๆฟๅบไฝๅฅฝไฟกๆ็พคไผๅไธไฟกๆ็พคไผไน้ด็ๅข็ปๅทฅไฝใ
็ฌฌๅๅ ซๆก ่ชๆฒปๅบๆฐๅฎๅง่ฆๅธฎๅฉๆฏๆไธญๅฝไฝๆๅไผ่ฅฟ่ๅไผๅๅฎๅๅฅฝ่ฅฟ่ไฝๅญฆ้ขๅๅๅฏบๅบ็ๅญฆ็ป็ญ๏ผๆ่ฎกๅๅฐๅนๅ ปไธๆฏ็ญ็ฑ็ฅๅฝ๏ผๆฅๅๅ ๅๆฟๅบ็้ขๅฏผ๏ผๆฅๆค็คพไผไธปไนๅถๅบฆ๏ผ็ปดๆค็ฅๅฝ็ปไธๅๆฐๆๅข็ป๏ผๆๅฎๆๅญฆ่ฏ๏ผ่ฝ่็ณป็พคไผ็ๅฎๆ่ไธไบบๅ้ไผใ
็ฌฌๅไนๆก ๆๅบๅฎๆๅขไฝ่ฆๅจๅนณ็ญๅๅฅฝใ็ฌ็ซ่ชไธป็ๅบ็กไธ๏ผ็งฏๆไธปๅจๅฐๅผๅฑๅฎๆๆน้ข็ๅฏนๅคไบคๅพ๏ผๅจไบคๅพไธญไธๅๅฝๅคๅฟๅ็ๆฏ้ ใ
็ฌฌไบๅๆก ๆๅบๅฎๆๅขไฝ้่ฏทๅฝๅคๅฎๆๅขไฝๆๅบ้ๅบ่ฎฟ๏ผ่ฟ่กๅญฆๆฏไบคๆต็ญไบคๅพๆดปๅจ๏ผ้กป็ป่ชๆฒปๅบไบบๆฐๆฟๅบๆๅฝๅก้ขๅฎๆๅฑๆนๅ๏ผ้ๅคงๆถๅคๆดปๅจ่ฆๆฅ็ปๅฝๅก้ขๅฎกๆนใ
็ฌฌไบๅไธๆก ๆๅ ณ้จ้จๅจๅผๅฑๅฏนๅคไบคๆตไธๅไฝไธญ๏ผๆถๅๅฝๅคๅฎๆ็ป็ปๅๅ ถ้ๅฑๆบๆๆไธชไบบ๏ผ็ญพๅฎๆๅ ณ้กน็ฎๆถ๏ผไธๅพๅธฆๆไผ ๆใ่ฎพ็ซๅฎๆๆบๆใๅ ดๅปบๅฏบๅบ็ญๅฎๆๅ ๅฎน็ๆกไปถใ
็ฌฌไบๅไบๆก ้ๅฎๆๅขไฝ้่ฏทๆๆฅๅพ ๆๅฎๆ่ๆฏ็ๅ็งๅขไฝๅๆ้่ฆๅฝฑๅ็ๅฎๆ็ไบบๅฃซๆฅ่ฎฟใๆ ๆธธ็ญ๏ผ่ฆๅๆถๅ่ชๆฒปๅบๆฐๅฎๅง้ๆฅๆ ๅตใ
็ฌฌไบๅไธๆก ๆๅบๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ๏ผ่ฆๅๅณๆตๅถๅฝๅคๅฟๅๅฉ็จๅ ดๅปบๅฏบๅบใไธปๆๅฎๆๆดปๅจใ่ฎคๅฎๆดปไฝ่ฝฌไธ็ต็ซฅ็ญๆๆฎต๏ผไผๅพๆงๅถๆๅบๅฏบๅบๆ่ฟ่ก็ๅ็ง่ฟๆณๆดปๅจใ
็ฌฌไบๅๅๆก ไปปไฝๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆๅไธชไบบ้ฝไธๅๆฅๅๅฝๅคๅธฆๆ้ๅ ๆกไปถ็ๅฎๆๆดฅ่ดดๅไผ ๆ็ญ็ป่ดนใๅฎๆๅขไฝใๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆๅไธชไบบๆฅๆถๅฝๅคๅฎๆ็ป็ปๅๆๅพ็ๅคงๅฎๆ่ต ๏ผ่ฆ็ป่ชๆฒปๅบไบบๆฐๆฟๅบๆๅฝๅก้ขๅฎๆๅฑๆนๅใ
็ฌฌไบๅไบๆก ๅๅณๆๅปๅฉ็จๅฎๆ็ ฝๅจ้นไบใๅถ้ ้ชไนฑใ่ฟ่กๅ่ฃ็ฅๅฝใ็ ดๅๆฐๆๅข็ปใๆฐไนฑ็คพไผๆฒปๅฎ็ญ็ฏ็ฝชๆดปๅจ๏ผๅฏนไธชๅซๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆไธญไธๅๅไธ้ชไนฑ้นไบ็ๅฐๆฐๅงๅฐผ๏ผ่ฟ่กๅ่ฃ็ ดๅๆดปๅจ็๏ผ่ฆ่งๆ ่๏ผๅบๅซๆ ๅต๏ผๅๅซ้ๅๆ่ฒใๆด้กฟ็ญๆชๆฝ่ฟ่กๅค็ใ
็ฌฌไบๅๅ ญๆก ๅฏนๆ็ ฝๅจโ่ฅฟ่็ฌ็ซโ็ญๅๅจๅ ๅฎน็ๅฎๆไนฆๅ๏ผๅฎๆ้ณๅๅถๅ๏ผ่ฆไธฅๆ ผๆ่ชๆฒปๅบๆฐๅฎๅง็ญๅ ญไธชๅไฝไธๅ็ใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผๅทๆไปถ่งๅฎ็ๅๆณๆฃๆฅๅค็ใ
็ฌฌไบๅไธๆก ๅฎฃไผ ใๅบ็้จ้จๅจๅ็ปๅบ็ๆถๅๅฎๆ็ไฝๅๆถ๏ผ่ฆไธฅๆ ผๆๅ ณ๏ผๆขไธๅ ่ฎธ่ฟ่ๅ ๅๅฝๅฎถ็ๅฎๆๆฟ็ญ๏ผไผคๅฎณไฟกๆ็พคไผ็ๅฎๆๆๆ ๏ผไนไธๅ ่ฎธๅฉ็จๅฎๆๆญชๆฒๅๅฒ๏ผๆๅฎณๅฝๅฎถ็ปไธๅๆฐๆๅข็ปใ
็ฌฌไบๅๅ ซๆก ๆ นๆฎโๅๆฃไฟ็ฎก๏ผ็งฏๆๅฉ็จโ็ๅๅ๏ผๅๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆ่ฆๅ ๅผบๅฏนๅฎๆๆ็ฉ็็ฎก็๏ผ้็นๆๅฅฝ้ฒ็ใ้ฒ็ซใๅฎๆๆ็ฉไธๅพ้ๆ่ต ้ใ่ฝฌ่ฎฉๅๅบ ๅฎใๅ็บงๆ็ฉ้จ้จ่ฆๅธฎๅฉๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆไฟๆคๅฅฝๆ็ฉ๏ผๅๅฎๆๆดปๅจๅบๆไน่ฆๅๅฉๅ็บงๆ็ฉ้จ้จๅๅฅฝๅฎๆๆ็ฉ็ๅฉ็จๅทฅไฝ๏ผไฝฟๅฎๆๆ็ฉๅจ็ปดๆค็ฅๅฝ็ปไธ๏ผๅฎฃไผ ่ฅฟ่๏ผๆฉๅคง ๅฏนๅคๅฝฑๅไธญๅๆฅๅบๆ็ไฝ็จใ
็ฌฌไบๅไนๆก ๆฌๅๆณ็่งฃ้ๆๅจ่ชๆฒปๅบๆฐๅฎๅงใ
็ฌฌไธๅๆก ๆฌๅๆณๅถๅ ฌๅธไนๆฅ่ตทๆง่กใ
Issuer: Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Government
More Stories
National Home of the Jewish People: Legal Basis of Israel, Immigration, and Nationality Law
25 Nations Halt Packages to US Amid Trumpโs Tariff Chaos
Trump’s Executive Order to increase domestic timber production