2025 CE

In 2025 the world saw a mix of geopolitical tension that shaped the international agenda: the Russia-Ukraine war persisted with renewed military actions and food-security concerns, while multiple regional conflicts, including violence in Gaza, broader Middle East tensions and clashes in other hotspots, underscored ongoing instability. Major diplomatic gatherings took place, such as the NATO summit in The Hague, focusing on defence commitments, and the G20 summit in Johannesburg, notable as the first on African soil and marked by some key leaders’ absence. Leaders also convened for the AI Action Summit in Paris to address the growing global governance challenges of artificial intelligence, and the United Nations Ocean Conference in Nice advanced marine conservation commitments. Economic cooperation continued at the APEC summit in South Korea, reflecting efforts to sustain growth amid trade and tariff debates. China hosted the 2025 World Games in Chengdu, spotlighting international sport and cultural exchange. Across societies, political unrest, climate-driven disasters, migration debates and technological change featured prominently in public discourse, while global celebrations of the New Year mixed hope with reflection on a turbulent year. Check: India-2025 and US-2025