Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1980

Islamic RepublicRepublic Res publica. Having a head of the state. Pope is the head of the Vatican City state. The people execute their power through an Elected (direct/indirect) President. Political parties sponsored their presidential candidates. Indian president is a constitutional puppet under the ruling Cabinet. In the case of the appointment of  Indian judges, presidential power is a vanishing point. of Pakistan in 1980

The World Factbook

LAND

803,000 km2 (includes Pakistani part of Jammu-Kashmir); 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 34% unreported, probably mostly waste; 3% forested

Land boundaries: 5,900 km

WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Coastline: 1,046 km

PEOPLE

Population: 93,106,000, excluding Junagadh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir, (July 1982); average annual growth rate 2.9%

Nationality: noun—Pakistani(s); adjective—Pakistani

ReligionReligion ‘The word ‘Religion’ -Re Legion- A group or Collection or a brigade, is a social-cultural construction and Substantially doesn’t exist. Catholic religion is different from Protestant religion. It is not Dharma.: 97% MuslimMuslim A community gathered around Muhammad (d. 632 CE) and confessed that Muhammad was the last of Prophets and he received Quran through Zibreel Farista from Allah. Hadith of Sahih Bukhari faithfully recorded the commands of Muhammad. He acknowledged the contribution of Jesus to the Abrahamic Religion., 3% other

Language: official, Urdu; total spoken languages—7% Urdu, 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 9% other; English is lingua franca

Literacy: 24% (1980)

Labor force: 24.45 million (1981 est.); 52% agriculture, 21% industry, 27% services.

Organized labor: 5% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Official name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Type: parliamentary, federal republic; military seized power 5 July 1977 and temporarily suspended some constitutional provisions

Capital: Islāmābād

Political subdivisions: four provinces—Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, and North-West Frontier—with the capital territory of Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered; Pakistan claims that Azad Kashmir is independent pending a settlement of the dispute with IndiaIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more, but it is in fact under Pakistani control

Legal system: based on English common lawCommon law The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on court decisions rather than statutes passed by the legislature.; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case., with reservations; President Zia’s government has established Islamic Shariat courts paralleling the secular courts and has introduced Koranic punishments for criminal offenses

National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March

Government leader: President and Chief Martial LawLaw Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Administrator Gen. Mohammad ZIA-UL-HAQ

Suffrage: universal from age 18

Elections: opposition agitation against rigging elections in March 1977 led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but postponed them; in 1979 elections were postponed indefinitely

Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), pro-Bhutto wing, Mrs. Z. A. Bhutto, moderate wing, Ghulam Mustapha Jatoi; Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, Asghar Khan; National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed National Awami Party—NAP—of Abdul Wali Khan, who is de facto NDP leader); the above two are the main groups in the Movement for Restoration of DemocracyDemocracy It is a power word. power rests with the ordinary Citizens. Only educated people understand power. A corrupt or controlled court system can cover failure of it. The religious concept is incompatible with it. Promise to spend more from the public treasury moves to Dictatorship. (MRD), formed in February 1981; Pakistan National Party (PNP), Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (Baluch elements of the former NAP); Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Pakistan (JUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; Pakistan National Alliance (PNA), a disintegrating coalition of six parties including Pakistan Muslim League (PML)—Pir of Pagaro group; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Fazlur Rahman

Communists: party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand

Other political or pressure groups: military remains strong political force

Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NAM, RCD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTOWTO The World Trade Organization (164 Members) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The WTO operates the global system of trade rules and helps developing economies build their trade capacity. Observer governments> Algeria- Andorra- Azerbaijan- Bahamas- Belarus- Bhutan- Bosnia and Herzegovina- Comoros- Curaçao- Equatorial Guinea- Ethiopia- Holy See- Iran- Iraq- Lebanese Republic- Libya- Sao Tomé and Principe- Serbia- Somalia- South Sudan- Sudan- Syrian Arab Republic- Timor-Leste- Turkmenistan- Uzbekistan-

ECONOMY

GNP: $27.8 billion (FY81 est.), $332 per capita; average annual real growth, 5.7% (FY79-81)

Agriculture: extensive irrigation; main crops—wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton

Fishing: catch 304,500 metric tons (FY81 est.)

Major industries: cotton textiles, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas

Electric power: 3,920,000 kW capacity (1980); 17.64 billion kWh produced (1980), 207 kWh per capita

Exports: $2,958 million (f.o.b., FY81); primarily rice, cotton (raw and manufactured), carpets, rugs and mats, petroleum products, leather

Imports: $5,486 million (f.o.b., FY81; petroleum crude and products, sugar, machinery, tea, medicaments, chemicals, iron and steel

Major trade partners: US, UK, West Germany, Saudi Arabia, Japan, China

Budget: FY81—current expenditure, $3,213.7 million; capital expenditures, $2,669.8 million

Monetary conversion rate: 9.9 rupees=US$1 (February 1973 through January 1982)

Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 8,815 km total (1981); 535 km meter gauge (1.000 m), 7,670 km broad gauge (1.676 m), 610 km narrow gauge (0.762 m); 1,022 km double track; 286 km electrified; government owned

Highways: 80,500 km total (1981); 23,500 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 3,100 km improved earth, 30,900 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: negligible

Pipelines: 230 km crude oil; 1,600 km natural gas

Ports: 2 major, 4 minor

Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 111 total, 92 usable; 69 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 27 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 41 with runways 1,200-2,439 m

Telecommunications: good international radiocommunication service over microwave and INTELSAT satellite; domestic radiocommunications poor; broadcast service good; 314,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 27 AM, no FM, 16 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station

DEFENSE

Military manpower: males 15-49, 21,754,000; 14,795,000 fit for military service; 1,108,000 reach military age (17) annually

Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1982, $1.77 billion; about 27% of central government budget

The World Factbook (1982)
by the Central Intelligence Agency