Regulations of Fort William College (1800): The Constitutional Charter of Colonial Education in British India

Encyclopedia of European Invasions in India

Lord Wellesley’s Fort William College Regulations: Origins of Civil Service Education in IndiaIndia Hind/ hend >hindia. Bharat Varsha (Jambudvipa used in Mahavamsha) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । The place also been called Hindusthan in Pesia. The word Hendu is mentioned in Avesta. Read more

The Regulations establishing Fort William College, promulgated by Governor-General Richard Colley Wellesley, Marquis Wellesley, on 18 August 1800 at Fort William, Calcutta, constitute one of the most revealing constitutional and administrative documents of the early BritishBritish "Britons" can refer to the Ancient Britons, the Celtic-speaking peoples of Great Britain during the Iron Age, whose descendants today include the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons. The Union of the Crowns in 1603, followed by the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, helped forge a wider sense of British national identity. Yet this idea of “Britishness” was superimposed upon much older cultural identities of the English, Scots, and Welsh, whose distinctiveness continues to resist a fully homogenised identity. Greek explorer Pytheas referred to the islands collectively as αἱ Βρεττανίαι. The Celtic King Arthur was said to have established a kingdom on the British Isles. Empire in India. Far more than a simple educational ordinance, the Regulation articulated the ideological foundations upon which the East India Company sought to justify its expanding sovereignty over the IndianIndia Hind/ hend >hindia. Bharat Varsha (Jambudvipa used in Mahavamsha) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । The place also been called Hindusthan in Pesia. The word Hendu is mentioned in Avesta. Read more subcontinent. Every clause of the Regulation reflected the conviction that Britain’s territorial conquests imposed upon it a moralMorality Mental frame. It can be high morality or low morality, savage morality or civilised morality or Christian morality, or Nazi morality. Decent Behaviour is acceptable norms of the nations. Christian morality starts with the belief that all men are sinners and that repentance is the cause of divine mercy. Putting Crucified Christ in between is the destruction of Christian morality and logic. Now morality shifted to the personal choice of Jesus. What Jesus did is 'good'. The same would be the case of Ram, Krishna, Muhammad, Buddha, Lenin, etc. Pure Human Consciousness degraded to pure followership. There exists no proof the animals are devoid of morality. obligation to educate its own civil servants before entrusting them with authority over millions of Indian subjects. At the same timeTime χρόνος. Judicial: Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) यमः , पुं, (यमयति नियमयति जीवानां फलाफलमिति । यम् + अच् । विश्वे च कलयत्येव यः सर्व्वायुश्च सन्ततम् । अतीव दुर्निवार्य्यञ्च तं कालं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥यमैश्च नियमैश्चैव यः करोत्यात्मसंयमम् । स चादृष्ट्वा तु मां याति परं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥, the document exposed the Company’s recognition that effective imperial administration depended upon the systematic study of Indian languages, laws, religions, customs, and regional institutions. The Regulation therefore transformed Fort William College into an official instrument of imperial governance rather than merely an educational establishment.

FORT WILLIAM COLLEGE REGULATIONS

Enacted by the Most Noble Richard Marquis Wellesley, Governor-General in Council

PREAMBLE

I. Whereas it hath pleased Divine Providence to favour the councils and arms of Great Britain in India with a continued course of prosperity and glory; and whereas by the victorious issue of several successive warsWar Whenever Christians wage a war, it is a Just war (City of God). Jesus asked his followers to purchase swords (Luke 22: 35-36). Those who legitimately hold authority also have the right to use arms to repel aggressors against the civil community entrusted to their responsibility (Catechism 2265). Without Jihad there is no Islam. In Mahabharata, Krishna tried to stop the War imposed by Kurus. Lord Rama killed Ravan in the war to restore his wife. Deva and Asura battles are not available in Vedas., and by the happy result of a just, wise, and moderate system of policy, extensive territories in Hindoostan and in the Dekkan have been subjected to the dominion of Great Britain, and under the government of the Honourable the English East India Company, in process of time, a great and powerful empire has been founded, comprehending many populous and opulent provinces, and various nations, differing in religious persuasions, in language, manners, and habits, and respectively accustomed to be governed according to peculiar usages, doctrines and laws; and whereas the sacred duty, true interest, honour and policy of the British nationNation A collective consciousness, founded in ancient origin within a geographic area, with definite history and heritage, culture and way of life, language and literature, food and clothing, coupled with a deep understanding of war and peace is to be known as a nation. Rasra is the Vedic word for it. require that effectual provision should be made at all times for the good government of the British empire in India, and for the prosperity and happiness of the people inhabiting the same; and many wise and salutary regulations have accordingly been enacted from time to time by the Governor-General in Council, with the benevolent intent and purpose of administering to the said people their own laws, usages, and customs, in the mild and benignant spirit of the British constitutionConstitution The Constitution encompasses the global system of rules governing constitutional authority. Simply reading selected provisions of the written text may be misleading. Understanding the underlying principles, such as federalism, democracy, constitutionalism, the rule of law, and respect for minorities, is crucial. Democratic institutions must allow for ongoing discussion and evolution, reflected in the right of participants to initiate constitutional change. This right entails a reciprocal duty to engage in discussions. Democracy involves more than majority rule, existing within the context of other constitutional values. Therefore, a profound understanding of these principles informs our appreciation of constitutional rights and obligations. Read more; and whereas it is indispensably necessary, with a view to secure the due execution and administration of the said wise, salutary,

and benevolent regulations, in all time to come, as well as of such regulations and laws as may hereafter be enacted by the Governor-General in Council, that the civil servants of the Honourable the English East India Company, exercising high and important functions, in the government of India, should be properly qualified to discharge the arduous duties of their respective offices and stations, should be sufficiently instructed in the general principles of literature and scienceScience επιστήμη, and should possess a competent knowledge, as well of the laws, government, and constitution of Great Britain, as of the several native languages of Hindoostan and the Dekkan, and of the laws, usages, and customs of the provinces which the said civil servants respectively may be appointed to govern;

and whereas, the early interruption in EuropeEurope EU and Countries - Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City. of the education and studies of the persons destined for the civil service of the Honourable the English East India Company, precludes them from acquiring, previously to their arrival in India, a sufficient foundation in the general principles of literature and science, or a competent knowledge of the laws, government and constitutions of Great Britain, and many qualifications essential to the proper discharge of the arduous and important duties of the civil service in India, cannot be fully obtained otherwise than by a regular course of education and study in India, conducted under the superintendance, direction, and controul of the supreme authority of the government of these possessions: and whereas no public institution now exists in India under which the junior servants, appointed at an early period of life to the service of the Honourable the English East India Company, can attain the necessary means of qualifying themselves for the high and arduous trusts to which they are respectively destined; and no system of discipline or education has been established in India for the purpose of directing and regulating the studies of the said junior servants, or of guiding their conduct upon their first arrival in India, or of forming, improving, or preserving their morals, or of encouraging them to maintain the honour of the British name in India, by a regular and orderly course of industry, prudence, integrity and religionReligion ‘The word ( θρησκεία) -Re Legion (Latin)- A group or Collection or a brigade, is a social-cultural construction and substantially doesn’t exist. Catholic religion (संघवाद) is different from the Protestant religion (संघवाद). Dharma is not Religion (धार्मिक संगठन). "Religion" occurs 5 times in 5 verses in the KJV. Hindu Religion means in the indian language is हिंदू धार्मिक संगठन. Deen in Islam.:

the Most Noble Richard, Marquis Wellesley, Knight of the illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, &c. &c. Governor-General in Council, deeming the establishment of such an institution, and system of discipline, education, and study, to be requisite for the good government and stability of the British empire in India, and for the maintenance of the interests and honour of the Honourable the East India Company, his Lordship in Council hath therefore enacted as follows:

SECTION I: FOUNDATION OF THE COLLEGE

II. A college is hereby founded at Fort William in Bengal, for the better instruction of the junior civil servants of the Company, in such branches of literature, science, and knowledge as may be deemed necessary to qualify them for the discharge of the duties of the different offices constituted for the administration of the government of the British possessions in the East Indies.

SECTION II: BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

III. A suitable building shall be erected for the college, containing apartments for the superior officers, for the students, for a library, and for such other purposes as may be found necessary.

SECTION III: GOVERNANCE AND OFFICERS

IV. The Governor-General shall be the patron and visitor of the college.

V. The members of the supreme council, and the judges of the Sudder Dewanny Adawlut, and of the Nizamut Adawlut, shall be the governors of the college.

VI. The Governor-General in Council shall be trustee for the management of the funds of the college; and shall regularly submit his proceedings in that capacity to the Honourable the Court of Directors.

VII. The Comptrolling Committee of Treasury shall be treasurers of the college.

VIII. The Accountant-General, and the Civil Auditor, shall be respectively accountant, and auditor of accountsAccounting It is the process of recording, summarizing, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions of a business or individual. Types of Accounts > Assets- Things you own (cash, property) Liabilities- Things you owe (loans, bills) Equity- Owner’s stake in the business Revenue- Money you earn (sales, services) Expenses- Costs to run the business of the college.

IX. The Advocate-General, and the Honourable Company’s standing council, shall be the lawLaw νόμος: Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Judiciary > Show me the face, and I will show you the law. Some people know how to bend the law rather than break it. Law Practice. Read a scholarly article officers of the college.

X. The immediate government of the college shall be vested in a provost and vice-provost, and such other officers as the patron and visitor shall think proper to appoint, with such salaries as he shall deem expedient. The provost, vice-provost, and all other officers of the college, shall be removable at the discretion of the patron and visitor.

XI. The provost shall always be a minister of the Church of England, as established by law.

XII. Every proceeding and act of the patron and visitor shall be submitted to the Honourable the Court of Directors, and shall be subjected to their pleasure.

SECTION IV: DUTIES OF THE PROVOST

XIII. The primary duties of the provost shall be to receive the junior civil servants on their first arrival at Fort William, to superintend and regulate their general morals and conduct; to assist them with his advice and admonition; and to instruct and confirm them in the principles of the Christian religion, according to the doctrine, discipline, and rites of the Church of England, as established by law.

SECTION V: PROFESSORSHIPS AND ENDOWMENTS

XIV. The patron and visitor shall establish such professorships with such endowments as shall be thoughtThinking Human beings began conscious thought as far back as sixty million years ago. By around three hundred thousand years ago, humans inhabiting the Indian subcontinent had developed forms of cognition comparable to those of the modern age, including awareness of competition, defense, and collective security. These early communities were capable of abstract observation, such as counting stars in the night sky, and engaged in reflective discussion about everyday experiences, including the flavors and qualities of food, indicating a sophisticated mental and social life. proper.

XV. Professorships shall be established as soon as may be practicable, and regular courses of lectures commenced in the following branches of literature, science, and knowledge:

Languages:

ArabicArabic Most widely spoken Semitic language, is an official language in 27 countries. Since 1971, it has been one of the UN's official languages. The term "Arabic" encompasses both regional dialects and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), used across the Arab world for formal and written communication. ا Alif अ (A) ب Bā ब (Ba) ت Tā त (Ta) ث Thā थ (Tha) ج Jīm ज (Ja) ح Ḥā ह (Hard H) خ Khā ख़ (Kha, as in ख़बर) د Dāl द (Da) ذ Dhāl ज़ (Za/Dha, as in ज़ेहर) ر Rā र (Ra) ز Zā ज़ (Za) س Sīn स (Sa) ش Shīn श (Sha) ص Ṣād स (Hard Sa) ض Ḍād द (Hard Da) ط Ṭā ट (Hard Ta) ظ Ẓā ज़ (Za, heavy sound) ع ʿAyn अ (Glottal A, deeper throat) غ Ghayn ग़ (Gha, as in ग़लत) ف Fā फ (Fa) ق Qāf क़ (Qa, deeper Ka sound) ك Kāf क (Ka) ل Lām ल (La) م Mīm म (Ma) ن Nūn न (Na) ه Hā ह (Ha) و Wāw व/उ/ओ (Wa/U/O, depending on use) ي Yā य (Ya)
PersianPersian Alphabet: ( ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی ) > Cuneiform [Darius I (550-486 BC)] originated from Vedic Sanskrit : adam : dārayavauš : xšāyaθiya : vazarka : xšāyaθiya : xšāyaθiyānām : xšāyaθiya : pārsaiy : xšāyaθiya : dahyūnām : vištāspahyā : puça : aršāmahyā : napā : haxāmanišiya….
Sanscrit
Hindoostanee (Hindi)
Bengal
Telinga
Mahratta
Tamula
Canara

Law:

Mahommedan law
Hindoo law
Ethics, civil jurisprudenceJurisprudence It is a branch of philosophy, that discusses the legality of Law. Oppenheimer v Cattermole (1976), the court considered the question of whether a Nazi law was so iniquitous that it should refuse to recognise it as a law, thus raising the connection between the concepts of law and morality., and the law of nations
English law
The regulations and laws enacted by the Governor-General in Council, or by the Governors in Council at Fort St. George and Bombay respectively, for the civil government of the British territories in India

CommerceCommercial Profit-making economic activities, such as the production, consumption, exchange, and distribution of goods and services, are primarily undertaken to earn money or a livelihood. Key Features > (1) Involve sale and exchange of goods and services for consideration (money or value), (2) Aim to earn profit and ensure business growth, (3) Include risk-bearing and creation of utility, (4) Economic in nature and satisfy customer needs. Commercial Activities > Earning profit, Business growth, Serving society, Achieving market leadership. and Sciences:

Political economy, and particularly the commercialCommercial Profit-making economic activities, such as the production, consumption, exchange, and distribution of goods and services, are primarily undertaken to earn money or a livelihood. Key Features > (1) Involve sale and exchange of goods and services for consideration (money or value), (2) Aim to earn profit and ensure business growth, (3) Include risk-bearing and creation of utility, (4) Economic in nature and satisfy customer needs. Commercial Activities > Earning profit, Business growth, Serving society, Achieving market leadership. institutions and interests of the East India Company
Geography
Mathematics

Classics and History:

Modern languages of Europe
GreekGreek Oldest Greek (750 BCE Dipylon inscription) Alphabet A α alpha B β beta Γ γ gamma Δ δ delta E ε epsilon Z ζ zeta H η eta Θ θ theta I ι iota K κ kappa Λ λ lamda M μ mu N v nu Ξ ξ xi O o omikron Π π pi P p rho Σ σ ς sigma Τ τ tau Y υ upsilon Φ φ phi X x chi Ψ ψ psi Ω ω omega ♦ Homer (800 B.C.E) Hesiod (700 B.C.E), Aesop (6th-century B.C.E), Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E) Euclid (ca. 300 B.C.E), Epicurus ( 341-270 B.C.E), (Strabo 64 B.C.E.-23 C.E) Epictetus (55-105 C.E), Josephus (37-100 C.E) ♦ Septuagint (LXX 2nd Century BCE) > New Testament (Καινή Διαθήκη). Greek vocabulary > Greek grammar > Learn Greek in 30 hours., LatinLatin Augustus (63 B.C.E.-14 A.C.E), Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.), Cicero (106-43 B.C.E), Virgil (70-19 B.C.E), Tacitus (56-120 A.C.E), Ovid (43 B.C.E.-17 A.C.E), Lucretius (1st-century B.C.E), Livy (59 B.C.E.-17 A.C.E), Lucan (39-65 A.C.E), Hirtius (90-43 B.C.E), Horace (65-8 B.C.E). > Latin America > Latin is the Official language of Vatican City > Latin Grammar> Vulgar Latin., and English classics
General history, ancient and modern
The history and antiquities of Hindoostan, and the Dekkan

Natural Sciences:

Natural history
Botany
Chemistry
Astronomy

XVI. The patron and visitor may authorise the same professor to read lectures in more than one of the enumerated branches of study, and may at any time unite or separate any of the said professorships, or may found additional professorships in such other branches of study as may appear necessary.

SECTION VI: PENSIONS

XVII. The provost and vice-provost, after having remained in the government of the college for the complete period of seven years, and any professor, after having read lectures in the college for the complete period of seven years, or of twenty-eight terms, and after having respectively received under the hand and seal of the patron and visitor, a testimonial of good conduct during that period of time, shall be entitled to an annual pension for life, to be paid either in Europe or in India, according to the option of the party. The pension shall in no case be less than one-third of the annual salary received by such provost or vice-provost respectively, during his continuance in the government of the college, or by any such professor during the period of his regular lectures. The pension may in any case be increased at the discretion of the patron or visitor.

SECTION VII: ATTACHMENT OF STUDENTS

XVIII. All the civil servants of the Company who may be hereafter appointed on the establishment of the presidency of Bengal, shall be attached to the college for the first three years after their arrival in Bengal; and during that period of time the prescribed studies in the college shall constitute their sole public duty.

XIX. All the civil servants now on the establishment of the presidency of Bengal, whose residence in Bengal shall not have exceeded the term of three years, shall be immediately attached to the college for the term of three years from the date of this regulation.

XX. Any of the junior civil servants of the Company in India, whether belonging to the establishment of this presidency, or to that of Fort St. George, or of Bombay, may be admitted to the benefits of the institution, by order of the Governor-General in Council, for such term, and under such regulations, as may be deemed advisable.

XXI. Any of the junior military servants of the Company in India, whether belonging to the establishment of this presidency, or to that of Fort St. George, or of Bombay, may be admitted to the benefits of the institution, by order of the Governor-General in Council, for such term, and under such regulations, as may be deemed advisable.

SECTION VIII: ACADEMIC CALENDAR

XXII. In the college at Fort William, four terms shall be observed in each year; the duration of each term shall be two months. Four vacations shall also be established in each year; the duration of each vacation shall be one month.

SECTION IX: EXAMINATIONS AND AWARDS

XXIII. Two public examinations shall be holden annually, and prizes and honorary rewards shall be publicly distributed by the provost, in the presence of the patron and governors, to such students as shall appear to merit them.

XXIV. Degrees shall be established, and shall be rendered requisite qualifications for certain offices in the civil governments of Bengal, Fort St. George, and Bombay; and promotion in the civil service shall be the necessary result of merit publicly approved, according to the discipline and institutions of the college.

SECTION X: STATUTES AND REGULATIONS

XXV. Statutes shall be framed by the provost of the college, under the superintendance of the governors of the college, respecting the internal regulation, discipline, and government of the college; but no statute shall be enforced until it shall have been sanctioned by the patron and visitor. The statutes so sanctioned shall be printed according to a form to be prescribed by the patron and visitor.

XXVI. The patron and visitor shall be empowered at all times, of his sole and exclusive authority, to amend or abrogate any existing statute, or to enact any new statute, for the regulation, discipline, and government of the college.

SECTION XI: ACCOUNTABILITY AND REPORTING

XXVII. A regular statement of all salaries, appointments, or removals of the officers of the college, shall be submitted by the patron and visitor of the college, at the expiration of each term to the Governor-General in Council, and by the Governor-General in Council to the Honourable the Court of Directors; printed copies of all statutes enacted by the patron and visitor, shall also be submitted to the Governor-General in Council, and to the Honourable the Court of Directors, at the same period of time, and in the same manner.

ENACTED

Given under the hand and seal of the Most Noble Richard Marquis Wellesley, Governor-General in Council, at Fort William in Bengal, this _ day of , in the year of our Lord __.

RICHARD WELLESLEY
Governor-General in Council

By order of the Governor-General in Council

(Signed)
__________
Secretary to the Government

[END OF REGULATIONS]

Sarvarthapedia Knowledge Web: Core Concept: Fort William College Regulations (1800)

Fort William College Regulations

See also:
- Fort William College
- Lord Richard Wellesley
- East India Company
- Colonial Education in India
- Civil Service Education
- Oriental Studies
- British Imperial Administration
- East India Company Civil Service
- Constitutional History of British India
- Educational Policy in Colonial India

Cluster I: Constitutional Foundations

Fort William College Regulations (1800)

Connected to:
- Governor-General in Council
- British Constitutional Principles
- Administrative Law
- Colonial Governance
- East India Company Regulations
- Educational Legislation
- Imperial Policy

Constitutional History of British India

Connected to:
- Regulating Act (1773)
- Pitt’s India Act (1784)
- Charter Act (1793)
- Charter Act (1813)
- Charter Act (1833)
- Charter Act (1853)
- Government of India Act (1858)
- Government of India Act (1919)
- Government of India Act (1935)

Colonial Administrative Institutions

Connected to:
- Governor-General
- Supreme Council
- Court of Directors
- Board of Control
- Civil Service
- Judicial Administration

Cluster II: Founding PhilosophyPhilosophy Metaphysics (Matter), Epistemology (knowledge of knowledge), Ethics (Sense of Good or Bad), Logic ( structure of reasoning) > Philosophers: Plato Aristotle Aquinas Locke Marx Hume Mill Kant Wittgenstein Descartes Nietzsche Sartre. Disciplines: Philosophy of Law. Philosophy of Feminism. Philosophy of Religion. Philosophy of Science. Philosophy of Mind. Philosophy of Literature. Political Philosophy. Philosophy of the Arts. Philosophy of History. Philosophy of Language. Theology Vs Philosophy

Lord Richard Wellesley

Connected to:
- Expansion of British India
- Subsidiary Alliance System
- Fort William College
- Administrative Reform
- Educational Reform
- Oriental Learning

Imperial Governance

Connected to:
- Good Government
- Moral Responsibility
- Civil Administration
- Rule of LawRule of Law It demands equality and accountability for all individuals under clear and predictable justice. This principle applies to both people and the State, emphasizing the need for transparency and openness in decision-making. The European Commission has the role of ensuring respect for the rule of law, as well as upholding EU values and principles. This fundamental value forms the basis of the European Union's foundation, requiring all, including government officials, to be subject to the law, under the control of independent and impartial courts.
- Bureaucratic State
- Colonial Empire

Divine Providence in Imperial Policy

Connected to:
- Political TheologyTheology Biology, Sociology, etc are the same type of English construction. Theos (gods) and logos (talking/chatting). Talking about gods and goddesses. Not having perfect knowledge about Olympian gods was a Greek 'mystery'. In the Christian sense theology (Biblical Theology, Historical Theology, Systematic Theology, Practical Theology) is the understanding of Trinitarian 'mystery'. Most of the Christian people study theology to become church executives or employees. Dharma Tattva (धर्मतत्त्व > Gopath Brahman) is not Theology. धर्मतत्त्व is possiblele without god/s. धर्मतत्त्व is Philosophy (दर्शन) without school affiliation. Read more
- British Imperial Ideology
- Colonial Legitimacy
- ChristianChristian A person who believes that Jesus died to remission his/her sin/debt. The People of Antioch were called for the first time as 'Christians', in or around 300 CE. Kingship
- Imperial Expansion

Cluster III: East India Company Administration

East India Company

Connected to:
- Court of Directors
- Presidencies
- Commercial Empire
- Military Expansion
- Civil Administration
- Revenue Administration

Governor-General in Council

Connected to:
- Legislative Authority
- Executive Government
- Administrative Regulations
- Fort William College
- Civil Service Reform

Court of Directors

Connected to:
- London Headquarters
- Colonial Supervision
- Financial Oversight
- Educational Policy
- Administrative Accountability

Cluster IV: Educational Philosophy

Civil Service Education

Connected to:
- Professional Administration
- Government Training
- Public Administration
- Administrative Ethics
- Official Qualifications
- Meritocracy

Education for Governance

Connected to:
- Literature
- Science
- Law
- Languages
- Political Economy
- Moral Education

Residential College System

Connected to:
- Oxford Model
- Cambridge Model
- Collegiate Education
- Libraries
- Student Discipline

Cluster V: Administrative Structure

Patron and Visitor

Connected to:
- Governor-General
- Executive Authority
- Appointment Powers
- Statutory Authority
- Institutional Supervision

Governors of the College

Connected to:
- Supreme Council
- Sudder Dewanny Adawlut
- Sudder Nizamat Adawlut
- Judicial Administration

Provost

Connected to:
- Academic Administration
- Student Discipline
- Christian Instruction
- Moral Supervision
- College Government

Vice-Provost

Connected to:
- Academic Management
- Administrative Continuity
- College Discipline

Cluster VI: Financial Administration

College Treasury

Connected to:
- Comptrolling Committee of Treasury
- Financial Management
- Budget Administration
- Institutional Finance

Accountant-General

Connected to:
- Public Accounts
- Government Finance
- Fiscal Administration

Civil Auditor

Connected to:
- Financial Audit
- Public Accountability
- Administrative Transparency

Cluster VII: Legal Institutions

Advocate-General

Connected to:
- Legal Advice
- Government Law
- Colonial Jurisprudence
- Statutory Interpretation

Sudder Dewanny Adawlut

Connected to:
- Civil Courts
- HinduHindu הִנְדּוּאָה (hinĕḋẇʼáh), ινδουϊσμός: Hend (Hendu). The establishment of a satellite state of the Ghaznavid Empire (capital: Lahore) in the Punjab (first half of the 11th century) was known as Hindustan—a geographical name given by the Persians, who came to visit Bharatvarsha (हिन्दुस्तान). Asadi’s Garsasp-nama, expeditions to Hend and Sarandib (Sri Lanka) have been featured. Sanatan Dharma is the actual Dharmic tradition of the Hindus. People who live in Hindusthan are Hindu (The word is an original word), whether they follow Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Mahavira, or Nanaka. In this way, Tribals are also Hindu. Indian sword (šamšir-e hendi in zaḵm-e hendi). Anbar-e hendi (India perfumes) by Farroki. Ebn Battuta (Toḥfat al-noẓẓār fi ḡarāʾeb al-amṣārwa ʿajāʾeb al-asfār: ca. 1330) first mentioned 'Hindu Kush.' Law
- Revenue Justice
- Judicial Administration

Sudder Nizamat Adawlut

Connected to:
- Criminal Justice
- Islamic Law
- Criminal Courts

Cluster VIII: Curriculum of Fort William College

Oriental Languages

Connected to:
- Arabic
- Persian
- SanskritSanskrit It is the oldest living language and civilizational mark. The language of Rig Veda or Atharva Veda (10000 years old) is a pre-Sanskrit Vedic language. It has its own Pratisakhya (Grammar) and Nirukta (Vocabulary). 40% of Tamil is Sanskrit. Before the written form, it was in the form of oral tradition. Such is the case of Six Kanda Ramayana. Before Valmiki, it was in Oral form. Sanskrit has been the language of Jambudvipa. The mother tongue of Sunok, Vasistha, Viswamitra or grandparents of Zarathustra (Resource person of Abrahamic Religions) was the language of Rig Veda. The legend goes that the origin of Sanskrit is the sky, therefore, it is called Deva Bhasa.
- Hindustani
- Bengali
- Telugu
- Marathi
- Tamil
- Kannada

Oriental Studies

Connected to:
- Indology
- Philology
- Comparative Linguistics
- Translation Studies
- Manuscript Studies

Indian Legal Systems

Connected to:
- Hindu Law
- Mohammedan Law
- DharmaDharma धारणाद्धर्ममित्याहु: धर्मो धारयते प्रजा: | यस्याद्धारणसंयुक्तं स धर्म इति निश्चय: || [Mahabharata, 69.58 (Karna Parva)] Jurisprudence is Dharmaniti (धर्मनीति). धर्मशास्र are the regulating texts. Dharmatattva (धर्मतत्त्व) is the philosophical side. Dharma is eternal therefore it is Sanatan Dharma. धर्मादेश (Dharmadesa) means Court order/decisions. धर्म विधि (dharma vidhi) - Legal Digests (such as Mitakshara). Anthem of Sanatan Dharma : ॐ संगच्छध्वं संवदध्वं, सं वो मनांसि जानताम् । समानो मन्त्र: समिति: समानी, समानं मन: सहचित्तमेषाम् । समानी व आकूति: समाना हृदयानि व: | समानमस्तु वो मनो यथा व: सुसहासति || (Rigveda,10/191/2-3). Adhyatma (अध्यात्म) is loosely the spiritual/divine side of Dharma. Check: Achar (आचरति/Physical discipline), Bichar (Mental discipline ), Sanskar ( Vedic Tradition).śāstra
- Fiqh
- Customary Law

British Law

Connected to:
- Common Law
- Constitutional Law
- Civil Jurisprudence
- Law of Nations

Political Economy

Connected to:
- Mercantilism
- East India Company Commerce
- Colonial Trade
- Revenue System

Classical Studies

Connected to:
- Greek
- Latin
- English Classics
- European Humanism

Historical Studies

Connected to:
- Ancient History
- Modern History
- Indian History
- History of HindustanHindu הִנְדּוּאָה (hinĕḋẇʼáh), ινδουϊσμός: Hend (Hendu). The establishment of a satellite state of the Ghaznavid Empire (capital: Lahore) in the Punjab (first half of the 11th century) was known as Hindustan—a geographical name given by the Persians, who came to visit Bharatvarsha (हिन्दुस्तान). Asadi’s Garsasp-nama, expeditions to Hend and Sarandib (Sri Lanka) have been featured. Sanatan Dharma is the actual Dharmic tradition of the Hindus. People who live in Hindusthan are Hindu (The word is an original word), whether they follow Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Mahavira, or Nanaka. In this way, Tribals are also Hindu. Indian sword (šamšir-e hendi in zaḵm-e hendi). Anbar-e hendi (India perfumes) by Farroki. Ebn Battuta (Toḥfat al-noẓẓār fi ḡarāʾeb al-amṣārwa ʿajāʾeb al-asfār: ca. 1330) first mentioned 'Hindu Kush.'
- History of the Deccan

Natural Sciences

Connected to:
- Botany
- Chemistry
- Astronomy
- Natural History
- Scientific Education

Cluster IX: Language Policy

Language Education

Connected to:
- Administrative Communication
- Translation Bureau
- Official Correspondence
- Court Language
- Revenue Records

Bengali Studies

Connected to:
- Bengali Grammar
- Bengali Prose
- Bengali Printing
- Bengali Lexicography

Hindustani Studies

Connected to:
- Urdu
- Hindi
- Military Communication
- North Indian Administration

Sanskrit Studies

Connected to:
- Dharmaśāstra
- Hindu Law
- Classical Literature
- Grammar

Persian Studies

Connected to:
- Mughal Administration
- Revenue Records
- Diplomatic Language

Cluster X: Academic Administration

Professorships

Connected to:
- Academic Departments
- Faculty Appointments
- Curriculum Development
- Endowments

Academic Flexibility

Connected to:
- Combined Professorships
- New Departments
- Curriculum Revision

Pension System

Connected to:
- Academic Careers
- Lifetime Pension
- Institutional Service
- Faculty Welfare

Cluster XI: Student System

Junior Civil Servants

Connected to:
- Bengal Presidency
- Madras Presidency
- Bombay Presidency
- Civil Administration

Junior Military Servants

Connected to:
- Company Army
- Military Education
- Administrative Training

Three-Year Attachment

Connected to:
- Residential Education
- Civil Service Preparation
- Professional Qualification

Cluster XII: Academic Calendar

Academic Terms

Connected to:
- Four Terms
- Vacations
- Annual Schedule
- Teaching Cycle

Public Examinations

Connected to:
- Merit Assessment
- Competitive Evaluation
- Public Recognition

Academic Degrees

Connected to:
- Civil Service Qualification
- Promotion by Merit
- Professional Certification

Cluster XIII: Institutional Governance

College Statutes

Connected to:
- Internal Regulations
- Student Discipline
- Academic Administration
- College Governance

Legislative Authority

Connected to:
- Governor-General
- Statutory Amendment
- Executive Powers

Institutional Accountability

Connected to:
- Annual Reports
- Salary Statements
- Appointment Records
- Printed Statutes

Cluster XIV: Moral and Religious Formation

Christian Instruction

Connected to:
- ChurchChurch "Εκκλησία του Δήμου">assembly of people in Greece. Creedal political organizations of Christian People (Ecclesia) were created in Rome around 350 CE with a reading manual (NT !) under a local leader (Bishop) within Roman provinces. A church building is also called a 'church'. The church is the body of Christ and this Doctrine of the catholic church was added around 400 CE. Christian groups are divided into Roman Catholics, Orthodox, and countless (45,000+) reformed denominations. A church is maintained by donations and taxation from its members. of England
- Religious Education
- Colonial MoralityMorality Mental frame. It can be high morality or low morality, savage morality or civilised morality or Christian morality, or Nazi morality. Decent Behaviour is acceptable norms of the nations. Christian morality starts with the belief that all men are sinners and that repentance is the cause of divine mercy. Putting Crucified Christ in between is the destruction of Christian morality and logic. Now morality shifted to the personal choice of Jesus. What Jesus did is 'good'. The same would be the case of Ram, Krishna, Muhammad, Buddha, Lenin, etc. Pure Human Consciousness degraded to pure followership. There exists no proof the animals are devoid of morality.
- Clerical Leadership

Moral Discipline

Connected to:
- Character Formation
- Integrity
- Prudence
- Public Ethics
- Administrative Conduct

Cluster XV: Knowledge Infrastructure

College Library

Connected to:
- Oriental Manuscripts
- Printed BooksBook Council of Trent (1545–1563) the Catholic Church created a Congregation of the Index, to declare a writing dangerous and to burn it, till it exists without notice. For Christians, the Bible, and for Muslims Quran, is only good for human guidance and nothing else. After Jesus, St. Peter and St. Paul are the most educated persons in the Christian world.
- Reference Collections
- Scholarly Research

Translation Bureau

Connected to:
- Government Regulations
- Dictionaries
- Grammar Books
- Administrative Manuals
- Vernacular Publishing

Printing and Publication

Connected to:
- Government Press
- Educational Printing
- Official Publications
- Colonial Knowledge Production

Cluster XVI: Historical Legacy

Fort William College

Connected to:
- Haileybury College
- Sanskrit College, Calcutta
- Hindu College
- Calcutta Public Library
- National Library of India

East India Company Civil Service

Connected to:
- Indian Civil Service
- Colonial Bureaucracy
- Administrative Professionalization
- Competitive Examination System

Colonial Knowledge System

Connected to:
- Orientalism
- Colonial Linguistics
- Comparative Law
- Ethnography
- Administrative AnthropologyAnthropology Studying human being as an individual and as a community. ORGANISATIONS: American Anthropological Association (AAA) American Ethnological Society Anthropological Society of London Center for World Indigenous Studies European Association of Social Anthropologists Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Society for Anthropological Sciences Society for Applied Anthropology