Abū ‘Abdullāh Mālik ibn Anas al-Aṣbaḥī al-Madanī
al-Muwaṭṭa
Sunni Tradition of Imam Malik
“After the Book of Allah, there is no book on the face of
the earth sounder than the book of Mālik.”
Ibn Ḥajar said, “the book of Mālik is sound by all the criteria that are demanded as proofs in the mursal, munqaṭi‘ and other types of transmission.” then as-Suyūṭī followed what Ibn Ḥajar said here and said, “e mursal ḥadīths in it are a proof with him (ash-Shāfi‘ī) as well because the mursal is a proof with us when it is properly supported. Every mursal report in the Muwaṭṭa’ has one or more supports as will be made clear in this commentary (i.e. Tanwīr alḤawālik). It is absolutely correct to say that the Muwaṭṭa’ is sound
(ṣaḥīḥ) without exception.”
There are two areas which particularly interest people regarding the Muwaṭṭa’. One of them is its transmission and the other is its commentary and the discussion about its transmitters and the different expressions they use and so forth. As for interest in its transmitters, we have already shown how the seekers of knowledge in Mālik’s time came from East, West, South and North out of the desire to sit in his circle and take from him. Many of this group related the Muwaṭṭa’ from him and preserved it in their hearts or in writing. The men of the generation after their generation were also concerned with it.
If the reader looks at the Muwaṭṭa’ with respect to its language, he will find that its language shows that the author was a pure Arab. His language has both force and simplicity. Its terms are neither odd nor hackneyed. His style is free of oversimplification, unnecessary complexity or triteness. Despite its length, the book does not contain any linguistic or grammatical errors nor any of the faults which the scholars of rhetoric warn against. [Aisha Abdurrahman Bewley]
Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab from Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mutim that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “I have five names. I am Muhammad. I am Ahmad. I am al-Mahi (the effacer), by whom Allah effaces kufr. I am al-Hashir (the gatherer), before whom people are gathered. I am al-Aqib (the last).”
Contents
- THE TIMES OF PRAYER
1.1 The times of prayer
1.2 The time of the jumu‘a prayer
1.3 Whoever catches a rak‘a of the ṣalāh
1.4 Dulūk ash-shams and ghasaq al-layl
1.5 The times of prayer in general
1.6 Sleeping through the prayer
1.7 Not doing the prayer at the hottest hour of the day
1.8 Not entering the mosque smelling of garlic and not covering the mouth in prayer - BOOK OF PURITY
2.1 How to perform wuḍū’
2.2 Wudu’ for praying after sleep
2.3 What is pure for wuḍū’
2.4 Things which do not break wuḍū’
2.5 Not doing wuḍū’ on account of eating cooked food
2.6 Wuḍū’ in general
2.7 Wiping the head and ears
2.8 Wiping over leather socks
2.9 How to wipe over leather socks
2.10 Nosebleeds in the prayer
2.11 Nosebleeds in general
2.12 Bleeding from a wound or a nosebleed
2.13 Wuḍū’ on account of prostatic fluid
2.14 Indulgence about not having to do wuḍū’ on account of prostatic fluid
2.15 Wuḍū’ on account of touching the genitals
2.16 Wuḍū’ on account of a man kissing his wife
2.17 How to perform ghusl on account of major ritual impurity
2.18 Ghusl from the two “circumcised parts” meeting
2.19 Wuḍū’ of a person in a state of major ritual impurity (janāba) when he wants to go to sleep or eat before having a ghusl
2.20 The repetition of the prayer by a person in a state of major ritual impurity, his doing ghusl when he has prayed without remembering it, and his washing his garments
2.21 Ghusl of a woman when she experiences the same as a man in her sleep
2.22 Ghusl for major ritual impurity
2.23 Tayammum
2.24 How to do tayammum
2.25 Tayammum of someone in a state of major ritual impurity
2.26 What is permitted to a man from his wife when she is menstruating
2.27 The purity of a woman after menstruation
2.28 Menstruation in general
2.29 Bleeding as if menstruating
2.30 The urine of an infant boy
2.31 Urinating standing and otherwise
2.32 The tooth-stick (siwāk) - PRAYER
3.1 The call to prayer
3.2 The Azan on a journey and without wuḍū’
3.3 The meal before dawn (saḥūr) in relation to the adhān
3.4 The opening of the prayer
3.5 The recitation of Qur’ān in the Maghrib and ‘Ishā’ prayers
3.6 Behaviour in the recitation
3.7 The recitation in the Ṣubḥ prayer
3.8 The Umm al-Qur’ān
3.9 Reciting to oneself behind the imām when he does not recite aloud
3.10 Not reciting behind the imām when he recites aloud
3.11 Saying ‘amīn’ behind the imām
3.12 Behaviour in the sitting in the prayer
3.13 Tashahhud in the prayer
3.14 What to do if one raises one’s head before the imām
3.15 What to do if through forgetfulness one says the taslīm after two rak‘as
3.16 Completing what is recalled when uncertain how much has been prayed
3.17 What to do if one stands after the completion of the prayer or after two rak‘as
3.18 Distraction in the prayer - FORGETFULNESS IN THE PRAYER
4.1 What to do if one forgets in prayer - JUMU‘A
5.1 Ghusl on the day of jumu‘a
5.2 Paying attention when the imām is giving the khuṭba on the day of jumu‘a
5.3 Catching a rak‘a of the jumu‘a prayer
5.4 Nose-bleeds on the day of jumu‘a
5.5 Making haste on the day of jumu‘a
5.6 The Imām’s stopping off in a town on the day of jumu‘a
5.7 The special time in the day of jumu‘a
5.8 Good appearance and not stepping over people and facing the imām on the day of jumu‘a
5.9 The recitation in the jumu‘a prayer, the sitting, and missing the prayer without a reason - PRAYER IN RAMADAN
6.1 Stimulation of the desire for prayer in Ramaḍān
6.2 Praying at night during Ramaḍān - TAHAJJUD
7.1 Concerning prayer in the night
7.2 How the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم prayed the witr
7.3 The command to pray the witr
7.4 Praying the witr after the break of dawn
7.5 The two rak‘as of Fajr - PRAYER IN CONGREGATION
8.1 The superiority of prayer in congregation over prayer alone
8.2 The ‘Ishā’ and Ṣubḥ prayers
8.3 Repeating the prayer with the imām
8.4 Praying in a group of people
8.5 Prayer behind an imām when he prays sitting
8.6 e excellence of prayer standing over prayer sitting
8.7 Praying voluntary prayers (nawāfil)
8.8 e middle prayer
8.9 Permission to pray in one garment
8.10 Permission for a woman to pray in a shift and head-covering - SHORTENING THE PRAYER
9.1 Joining two prayers when settled and when travelling
9.2 Shortening the prayer in travel
9.3 Circumstances in which the prayer has to be shortened
9.4 e prayer of a traveller when undecided whether to remain in a
place or not
9.5 Doing the full prayer when one decides to remain in a place
9.6 e prayer of a traveller when acting as imām, or when praying behind an imām
9.7 Voluntary prayers while travelling, by day and at night, and praying on a riding beast
9.8 The Ḍuḥā prayer
9.9 General remarks about the voluntary prayer of Ḍuḥā
9.10 Strong warning against passing in front of a person praying
9.11 Permission to pass in front of someone praying
9.12 e sutra of a traveller praying
9.13 Brushing away small stones in the prayer
9.14 Straightening the rows
9.15 Placing one hand on the other in the prayer
9.16 Qunūt in the Ṣubḥ prayer
9.17 Prohibition against a man praying when wishing to relieve himself
9.18 Waiting for the prayer and walking to it
9.19 Placing the hands flat on the surface by the face in prostration
9.20 Turning around and clapping when necessary during the prayer
9.21 Joining the prayer while the imām is in rukū‘
9.22 e prayer on the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
9.23 How to perform the prayer in general
9.24 Prayer in general
9.25 Stimulation of the desire for prayer in general - THE TWO ‘ĪDS
10.1 Ghusl for the two ‘Īds, the call to prayer for them, and the iqāma
10.2 e order to pray before the khuṭba on the two ‘Īds
10.3 e order to eat before going out on the morning of the ‘Īd
10.4 e takbīrs and the recitation in the prayer of the two ‘Īds
10.5 Refraining from praying before and after the two ‘Īd prayers
10.6 Permission to pray before and after the two ‘Īd prayers
10.7 The coming of the imām on the Day of the ‘Īd and waiting for the khuṭba - THE FEAR PRAYER
11.1 e Fear Prayer - THE ECLIPSE PRAYER
12.1 How to pray the Eclipse Prayer
12.2 About the Eclipse Prayer - PRAYING FOR RAIN
13.1 How to pray for rain
13.2 What is reported about praying for rain
13.3 About asking the stars for rain - THE QIBLA
14.1 the prohibition against relieving oneself facing the qibla
14.2 Permission to face the qibla when urinating or defecating
14.3 e prohibition of spitting towards the Qibla
14.4 About the qibla
14.5 e Mosque of the Prophet
14.6 Women going out to the mosque - THE QUR’ĀN
15.1 The command to be in wuḍū’ (when touching the Qur’ān)
15.2 Allowance to recite the Qur’ān while not in wuḍū’
15.3 The division of the Qur’ān into sections (ḥizbs)
15.4 About the Qur’ān
15.5 e prostration of the Qur’ān
15.6 About reciting Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ and Sūrat al-Mulk
15.7 Dhikr (Remembrance) of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted
15.8 Du‘ā’ (supplication)
15.9 Making supplication (du‘ā’)
15.10 Prayer forbidden after Ṣubḥ and after ‘Aṣr - BURIALS
16.1 Washing the dead
16.2 Shrouding the dead
16.3 Preceeding the bier
16.4 e prohibition against following the bier with a burning torch
16.5 e takbīrs in funerals
16.6 What to say in the prayer for the dead
16.7 Permission to pray over the dead after Ṣubḥ until the dawn is clear
and after ‘Aṣr until the sun turns yellow
16.8 Doing the prayer for the dead in mosques
16.9 e prayer over the dead in general
16.10 Burying the dead
16.11 Stopping for funerals and sitting in graveyards
16.12 e prohibition of weeping over the dead
16.13 Fortitude in the face of misfortune
16.14 Fortitude in the face of misfortune generally
16.15 Exhumation
16.16 Burial in general - ZAKĀT
17.1 Things subject to zakāt
17.2 e zakāt on gold and silver coins
17.3 Zakāt on mines
17.4 Zakāt on buried treasure (rikāz)
17.5 Non-zakatable items of jewelry, bits of gold and silver, and amber
17.6 Zakāt on the property of orphans and trading for orphans
17.7 Zakāt on inheritance
17.8 Zakāt on debts
17.9 Zakāt on merchandise
17.10 Wealth which has been hidden away (kanz)
17.11 Zakāt on livestock
17.12 Zakāt on cattle
17.13 Zakāt of associates
17.14 Counting lambs and kids when assessing zakāt
17.15 Zakāt when two years are assessed together
17.16 e prohibition of making things difficult for people in taking zakāt
17.17 Receiving zakāt, and who is permitted to receive it
17.18 Collecting zakāt and being firm in doing so
17.19 Zakāt on estimated yields of date-palms and vines
17.20 Zakāt on seeds and olives
17.21 Non-zakatable fruits
17.22 Non-zakatable fruits, animal fodder and vegetables
17.23 Zakāt on slaves, horses and honey
17.24 Jizya imposed on the People of the Book and Magians
17.25 e ‘ushr for the People of Dhimma
17.26 Selling ṣadaqa and taking it back
17.27 Who pays the Zakāt al-Fiṭr
17.28 Measuring the Zakāt al-Fiṭr
17.29 When to send the Zakāt al-Fiṭr
17.30 People who are not obliged to pay the Zakāt al-Fiṭr - FASTING
18.1 Sighting the new moon for beginning and ending the fast of Ramaḍān
18.2 Making the intention to fast before dawn
18.3 Being quick to break the fast
18.4 Fasting when someone finds himself in janāba in the morning
during Ramaḍān
18.5 Permission for a fasting man to kiss
18.6 Being strict about kissing when fasting
18.7 Fasting while travelling
18.8 Returning from a journey in Ramaḍān and intention to travel in Ramaḍān
18.9 Kaffāra (making amends) for breaking the fast in Ramaḍān
18.10 Cupping a man who is fasting
18.11 Fasting the Day of ‘Āshūrā’ (the 10th of Muḥarram)
18.12 Fasting the Days of Fiṭr and Aḍḥā and fasting continuously
18.13 e prohibition against fasting for two days or more without breaking the fast in between (wiṣāl)
18.14 Fasting on account of manslaughter or for pronouncing the ẓihār form of divorce
18.15 Illness and the fast
18.16 The vow to fast, and fasting on behalf of a dead person
18.17 Making up days missed in Ramaḍān, and the kaffāra
18.18 Making up voluntary fasts
18.19 The fidya (compensation) for breaking the fast in Ramaḍān for a reason
18.20 Making up days of Ramaḍān in general
18.21 Fasting the “Day of Doubt”
18.22 e Fast in General - I‘TIKĀF IN RAMAḌĀN
19.1 Concerning i‘tikāf (retreat)
19.2 Essentials of i‘tikāf
19.3 Leaving i‘tikāf for the ‘Īd
19.4 Making up for the i‘tikāf (not done)
19.5 Marriage in i‘tikāf
19.6 Laylat al-Qadr (e Night of Power) - ḤAJJ
20.1 The ghusl of iḥrām
20.2 Ghusl in iḥrām
20.3 Clothes forbidden in iḥrām
20.4 Clothes worn in iḥrām
20.5 Wearing a belt in iḥrām
20.6 Veiling the face in iḥrām
20.7 Wearing perfume during ḥajj
20.8 Points of entry for iḥrām (mawāqīt)
20.9 e method of entering iḥrām
20.10 Raising the voice in talbiya
20.11 Ḥajj al-ifrād
20.12 Performing ḥajj and ‘umra together (Ḥajj al-Qirān)
20.13 When to stop the talbiya
20.14 How the people of Makka, and those besides them living there, go into iḥrām
20.15 Situations when iḥrām is not obligatory for garlanding sacrificial animals
20.16 Menstruating women on ḥajj
20.17 ‘Umra in the months of ḥajj
20.18 When to stop saying the talbiya for ‘umra
20.19 Ḥajj at-Tamattu‘
20.20 Circumstances in which tamattu‘ is not obligatory
20.21 About ‘umra in general
20.22 Marriage while in iḥrām
20.23 Cupping while in iḥrām
20.24 Game that can be eaten by someone who is in iḥrām
20.25 Game that is not lawful to eat while in iḥrām
20.26 Hunting in the Ḥaram
20.27 Assessing the forfeit for hunting game animals
20.28 Animals that someone in iḥrām can kill
20.29 ings that someone in iḥrām is allowed to do
20.30 Performing the ḥajj for somebody else
20.31 Someone whose path (to the House) is blocked by an enemy
20.32 Someone who is prevented (from going to the House) by something other than an enemy
20.33 Building the Ka‘ba
20.34 Hastening (raml) in the ṭawāf
20.35 Saluting the corners during ṭawāf
20.36 Kissing the corner of the Black Stone when saluting the corners
20.37 e two rak‘as of ṭawāf
20.38 Praying after Ṣubḥ and ‘Aṣr when doing ṭawāf
20.39 Taking leave of the House
20.40 Tawāf in general
20.41 Starting with Safā in the sa‘y
20.42 Sa‘y in general
20.43 Fasting the Day of ‘Arafa
20.44 Fasting on the Days of Minā
20.45 What are acceptable as sacrificial animals (hadys)
20.46 Treatment of sacrificial animals while being driven to sacrifice
20.47 Injury to sacrificial animals or their loss
20.48 e animal to be sacrificed on account of intercourse in iḥrām
20.49 e animal to be sacrificed on account of missing the ḥajj
20.50 Intercourse before the Ṭawāf al-Ifāḍa
20.51 e sacrificial animals considered least difficult
20.52 Sacrificial animals in general
20.53 e wuqūf (standing) at ‘Arafa and Muzdalifa
20.54 Wuqūf while not in wuḍū’, and wuqūf on a riding beast
20.55 e wuqūf at ‘Arafa of someone who misses the ḥajj
20.56 Sending women and children ahead
20.57 Going from ‘Arafa to Muzdalifa
20.58 Sacrificing during the ḥajj
20.59 How to make the sacrifice
20.60 Shaving the head
20.61 Cutting the Hair
20.62 Gumming the hair
20.63 Performing the prayer in the House, shortening the prayer, and hastening the khuṭba at ‘Arafa
20.64 Performing the prayer at Minā on the eighth day of Dhū al-Ḥijja, and the jumu‘a at Minā and ‘Arafa
20.65 Performing the prayer at Muzdalifa
20.66 Performing the prayer at Minā
20.67 e prayer of a visitor to Makka or Minā
20.68 Saying the takbīr during the Days of Tashrīq
20.69 Performing the prayer at al-Mu‘arras and al-Muḥaṣṣab
20.70 Staying overnight at Makka on the nights of Minā
20.71 Stoning the jamras
20.72 Indulgence with respect to stoning the jamras
20.73 e Ṭawāf al-Ifāḍa
20.74 A menstruating woman’s entering Makka
20.75 e Ṭawāf al-Ifāḍa of a menstruating woman
20.76 e compensation (fidya) for killing birds and wild animals while in iḥrām
20.77 e fidya for killing locusts in iḥrām
20.78 e fidya for shaving the head before sacrificing
20.79 Forgetfulness in the rituals
20.80 Compensation (fidya) in general
20.81 e ḥajj in general
20.82 e ḥajj of a woman without a maḥram
20.83 Fasting in Ḥajj at-Tamattu‘ - JIHĀD
21.1 Stimulation of desire for jihād
21.2 Prohibition against travelling with the Qur’ān in enemy territory
21.3 The prohibition against killing women and children in military expeditions
21.4 Fulfilling safe conduct
21.5 Giving in the Way of Allah
21.6 Booty from war in general
21.7 Things on which the tax of one-fifth (khums) is not obligatory
21.8 What it is permissible for the Muslims to eat before the spoils are divided
21.9 Returning enemy plunder to the owner before the division of the spoils
21.10 Stripping the slain of their personal effects in the booty
21.11 Awarding extra portions from the fifth (khums)
21.12 The share of the spoils allotted to cavalry in military expeditions
21.13 Stealing from the spoils
21.14 Martyrs in the Way of Allah
21.15 Things in which martyrdom lies
21.16 How to wash a martyr
21.17 What is disliked to be done with something given in the Way of Allah
21.18 Stimulation of desire for jihād
21.19 Horses and racing them and financing in military expeditions
21.20 Acquisition of the land of dhimmīs who surrender
21.21 Burial in one grave by necessity and Abū Bakr’s carrying out the
promise of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم after the death of the صلى الله عليه وسلم Messenger - VOWS AND OATHS
22.1 Fulfilling vows to walk
22.2 Making vows to walk to the House and not succeeding
22.3 How to fulfil the oath of walking to the Ka‘ba
22.4 Vows not permitted in disobedience to Allah
22.5 Inadvertence in oaths
22.6 Oaths for which kaffāra is not obligatory
22.7 Oaths for which kaffāra is obligatory
22.8 What is done regarding the kaffāra of a broken oath
22.9 Oaths in general - SACRIFICIAL ANIMALS
23.1 Animals avoided as sacrifices
23.2 Animals desirable as sacrifices
23.3 Prohibition against sacrificing an animal before the imām finishes
23.4 Storing meat from sacrificial animals
23.5 Sharing sacrificial animals
23.6 e sacrificial animal for the child in the womb and mention of the
Days of Sacrifice - SLAUGHTERING ANIMALS
24.1 Saying the Name of Allah over the slaughtered animal
24.2 Methods of slaughter permitted in necessity
24.3 What is disapproved of in slaughtering animals
24.4 Slaughtering what is in the womb of a slaughtered animal - GAME
25.1 Eating game killed with throwing sticks and by stones
25.2 Game caught by trained dogs
25.3 Catching sea animals
25.4 Prohibition against eating animals with fangs
25.5 What is disapproved of regarding eating riding animals
25.6 Using the skin of animals found dead
25.7 Eating carrion when forced to, out of necessity - THE ‘AQĪQA
26.1 About the ‘aqīqa
26.2 Behaviour in the ‘aqīqa - FIXED SHARES OF INHERITANCE
27.1 Inheritance of direct descendants
27.2 Inheritance of husbands from wives and wives from husbands
27.3 Inheritance of fathers and mothers from children
27.4 Inheritance of maternal half-siblings
27.5 Inheritance of full-siblings
27.6 Inheritance of paternal half-siblings
27.7 Inheritance of grandfathers
27.8 Inheritance of grandmothers
27.9 Inheritance of persons without parents or offspring
27.10 Paternal aunts
27.11 Inheritance of paternal relations (‘aṣaba)
27.12 People who do not inherit
27.13 Inheritance from the people of other religions
27.14 People killed in battle or otherwise whose situation in inheritance
is not known
27.15 e inheritance of the child of li‘ān and the child of fornication - MARRIAGE
28.1 Asking for someone’s hand in marriage
28.2 Asking the consent of virgins and women previously married
28.3 e bride-price and unreturnable gifts
28.4 Consummating a marriage
28.5 Wedding nights of virgins and of women previously married
28.6 Stipulations not permitted in marriage
28.7 Marriage of a muḥallil and its like
28.8 Combinations of women not to be married together
28.9 Prohibition against marrying mothers of wives
28.10 Marriage to mothers of women with whom one has had sexual relations in a disapproved manner
28.11 What is not permitted in marriage in general
28.12 Marrying slaves when already married to free women
28.13 A man’s owning a slave whom he has married and then divorced
28.14 Reprehensibility of intercourse with two sisters or a mother and
daughter that one owns
28.15 Prohibition against intercourse with a slave-girl who belonged to
one’s father
28.16 Prohibition against marrying slave-girls who are People of the Book
28.17 Muḥsanāt
28.18 Temporary marriage
28.19 Marriage of slaves
28.20 e marriage of idolators when their wives become Muslim before them
28.21 e wedding feast
28.22 Marriage in general - DIVORCE
29.1 The ‘irrevocable’ divorce
29.2 Divorce by euphemistic statements
29.3 Giving wives the right of full divorce
29.4 When a wife’s authority must be considered as only a single pronouncement of divorce
29.5 When allowing a wife her authority does not constitute a divorce
29.6 Annulment of marriage by the husband’s vow to refrain from intercourse (īlā’)
29.7 e īlā’ (vow of abstention) of slaves
29.8 Ẓihār of freemen
29.9 Ẓihār done by slaves
29.10 e option (of slave-girls married to slaves when freed)
29.11 Separating from wives for compensation (khul‘)
29.12 e khul‘ divorce
29.13 Li‘ān (invoking mutual curses)
29.14 Inheritance of children of women against whom li‘ān has been
pronounced
29.15 Divorce of virgins
29.16 Divorce of sick men
29.17 Compensatory gift after divorce
29.18 e divorce of a slave
29.19 Maintenance of slave-girls divorced when pregnant
29.20 ‘Idda of women with missing husbands
29.21 ‘Idda of divorce and divorce of menstruating women
29.22 ‘Idda of women in their houses when divorced in them
29.23 Maintenance of divorced women
29.24 ‘Idda of slave-girls divorced by their husbands
29.25 General chapter on ‘idda of divorce
29.26 e two arbiters
29.27 Oath of men to divorce while not yet married
29.28 Deadline of men who do not have intercourse with their wives
29.29 General section on divorce
29.30 ‘Idda of widows when pregnant
29.31 Widows remaining in their houses until free to marry
29.32 ‘Idda of an umm walad on her master’s death
29.33 ‘Idda of slave-girls whose master or husband dies
29.34 Coitus interruptus
29.35 Limit of abstaining from adornment in mourning - SUCKLING
30.1 Suckling of the young
30.2 Suckling of older people
30.3 Suckling in general - BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
31.1 Non-returnable deposits (‘urbūn)
31.2 Wealth of slaves
31.3 Built-in liability agreements
31.4 Defects in slaves
31.5 e purchase of slave-girls with conditions attached
31.6 Prohibition against intercourse with married slave-girls
31.7 Ownership of the fruit of trees sold
31.8 Prohibition against selling fruit until starting to ripen
31.9 e sale of ‘ariyyas
31.10 e effect of crop damage on the sale of agricultural produce
31.11 Keeping back a portion of the fruit
31.12 Disapproved practices in the sale of dates
31.13 Muzābana and muḥāqala
31.14 General remarks about selling produce at its source
31.15 Selling fruit
31.16 Selling gold for silver, minted and unminted
31.17 Money-changing
31.18 Selling gold for gold and silver for silver by weight
31.19 Buying on delayed terms and re-selling for less on more immediate terms
31.20 What is disapproved of in selling food with delayed payment or delivery
31.21 Pre-payment on food
31.22 Bartering food for food with no increase between them
31.23 General section on selling food
31.24 Hoarding and raising prices by stockpiling
31.25 What is permitted in bartering animals for other animals and advances on animals
31.26 What is not permitted in the sale of animals
31.27 Selling animals in exchange for meat
31.28 Selling meat for meat
31.29 Selling dogs
31.30 Advance and sale of some goods for others
31.31 An advance on goods
31.32 Selling weighable items like copper and iron and similar things
31.33 Prohibition against two sales in one
31.34 Transactions with uncertainty in them
31.35 Al-mulāmasa and al-munābadha
31.36 Murābaḥa transactions (partnership between investors and borrowers in profit-sharing re-sales)
31.37 Sales according to a list of contents
31.38 e right of withdrawal (khiyār)
31.39 Usury in debts
31.40 Debts and transfer of debts in general
31.41 Partnership, transferral of responsibility to an agent and revocation
31.42 Bankruptcy of debtors
31.43 What is permitted of free loans
31.44 What is not permitted of free loans
31.45 What is forbidden of haggling and such transactions
31.46 Business transactions in general - QIRĀḌ
32.1 Qirāḍ
32.2 What is permitted in qirāḍ
32.3 What is not permitted in qirāḍ
32.4 Conditions permitted in qirāḍ
32.5 Conditions not permitted in qirāḍ
32.6 Qirāḍ in Wares
32.7 Hire in qirāḍ
32.8 Overstepping in qirāḍ
32.9 Expenses permitted in qirāḍ
32.10 Expenses not permitted in qirāḍ
32.11 Debts in qirāḍ
32.12 Goods in qirāḍ
32.13 Loans in qirāḍ
32.14 Accounting in qirāḍ
32.15 A general view of qirāḍ - CROPSHARING
33.1 Cropsharing
33.2 e condition about slaves in cropsharing - RENTING LAND
34.1 Renting land - PRE-EMPTION IN PROPERTY
35.1 Cases in which pre-emption is possible
35.2 Cases in which pre-emption is not possible - JUDGEMENTS
36.1 Stimulation of desire to judge correctly
36.2 Giving testimony
36.3 Judgement on testimony of those who have received ḥaddpunishments
36.4 Judgement based on oaths along with the testimony of a single witness
36.5 Judgement on a deceased with a debt against him and a debt for
him and only one witness
36.6 Judgement on claims
36.7 Judgement on the testimony of children
36.8 Perjury on the minbar of the Prophet
36.9 Taking oaths on the minbar in general
36.10 Prohibition against forfeiting pledges given on security
36.11 Judgement on pledging fruit and animals as security
36.12 Judgement on pledging animals as security
36.13 Judgement on pledges shared between two men
36.14 Judgement on pledges in general
36.15 Judgement on renting animals and going beyond specified destinations
36.16 Judgement about raped women
36.17 Judgement on consuming other people’s animals
36.18 Judgement on the abandonment of Islam
36.19 Judgement on men finding other men with their wives
36.20 Judgement on the abandoned child
36.21 Judgement on attaching paternity to children
36.22 Judgement on inheritance of attached children
36.23 Judgement on women who are umm walad
36.24 Judgement on bringing barren land into cultivation
36.25 Judgement on watering land
36.26 Judgement on benefiting neighbours
36.27 Judgement on division of properties
36.28 Judgement on animals grazing on other people’s crops and animals stolen from the herd
36.29 Judgement on injuries to domestic animals
36.30 Judgement regarding articles given to artisans to work on
36.31 Judgement on taking on debts and transfers of debts
36.32 Judgement on garments bought which have defects
36.33 What is not permitted in giving gifts (1)
36.34 What is not permitted in giving gifts (2)
36.35 Judgement on gifts
36.36 Taking back ṣadaqa
36.37 Judgement on life grants
36.38 e ruling on lost property which is found
36.39 Judgement on slaves using finds
36.40 Judgement on strays
36.41 Ṣadaqa of the living for the dead - WILLS AND TESTAMENTS
37.1 The command to write wills
37.2 Permissibility of bequests made by children, simpletons, lunatics and idiots
37.3 Limiting bequests to one-third of the estate
37.4 Dealing with the property of a pregnant woman, a sick person and someone present in battle
37.5 Bequests to heirs and right of possession
37.6 Effeminate men and the custody of children
37.7 Liability for defective goods
37.8 General chapter on rendering judgement and aversion to it
37.9 Damages and injuries caused by slaves
37.10 What is permitted in gifts - SETTING FREE AND WALĀ’
38.1 Freeing a share held in a slave
38.2 Making conditions when freeing a slave
38.3 People who free slaves and own no other property
38.4 Judgement on the property of slaves when they are set free
38.5 Freeing slaves who are umm walads and a general section on freeing
38.6 Slaves permitted to be freed when a slave must be freed by obligation
38.7 Slaves not permitted to be freed when a slave must be freed by obligation
38.8 Freeing the living for the dead
38.9 The excellence of freeing slaves, freeing adulteresses and illegitimate children
38.10 The right of the one who sets free to the walā’
38.11 Slaves attracting the walā’ when set free
38.12 The inheritance of the walā’
38.13 e inheritance of slaves set free and the walā’ of Jews and
Christians who set slaves Free - THE MUKĀTAB
39.1 Judgement on the mukātab
39.2 Assuming responsibility in kitāba
39.3 Severance in the kitāba for an agreed price
39.4 Injuries caused by mukātabs
39.5 Selling mukātabs
39.6 e labour of mukātabs
39.7 Freeing a mukātab on payment of his due before its term
39.8 e inheritance of a mukātab on emancipation
39.9 Conditions concerning mukātabs
39.10 e walā’ of the mukātab when he is set free
39.11 What is not permitted in freeing a mukātab
39.12 Freeing a mukātab and an umm walad
39.13 Bequests involving mukātabs - THE MUDABBAR
40.1 Judgement on the mudabbar
40.2 General section on tadbīr
40.3 Bequests involving tadbīr
40.4 A master’s intercourse with his mudabbara
40.5 Selling mudabbars
40.6 Injuries caused by mudabbars
40.7 Injuries caused by an umm walad - ḤUDŪD
41.1 Stoning
41.2 Self-confession of fornication
41.3 The ḥadd for fornication
41.4 Rape
41.5 e ḥadd for slander, denial of paternity and insinuation
41.6 at for which there is no ḥadd punishment
41.7 at which obliges cutting off the hand
41.8 Cutting off the hands of runaway slaves who steal
41.9 Intercession is cut off for thieves when cases reach the ruler
41.10 General section on cutting off the hand
41.11 ings for which the hand is not cut off - DRINKS
42.1 e ḥadd punishment for drinking wine
42.2 Containers forbidden for preparation of nabīdh
42.3 Mixtures of fruit disapproved for making nabīdh
42.4 e prohibition of wine
42.5 General section on the prohibition of wine - BLOOD MONEY
43.1 Concerning blood-money
43.2 Procedure in blood-money
43.3 e blood-money for murder when accepted, and the criminal act
of the insane
43.4 e blood-money for manslaughter
43.5 e blood-money for accidental injury
43.6 e blood-money for women
43.7 e blood-money for the foetus
43.8 Injuries for which there is full blood-money
43.9 e blood-money for an eye whose sight is lost
43.10 e blood-money for head wounds
43.11 e blood-money for fingers
43.12 General section on the blood-money for teeth
43.13 Procedure in the blood-money for teeth
43.14 e blood-money for injuries to slaves
43.15 e blood-money of the People of Protection (dhimma)
43.16 Blood-money that has to be paid on an individual basis
43.17 Inheritance of blood-money and making it more severe
43.18 General section on blood-money
43.19 Killing secretly by trickery and sorcery
43.20 What is obligatory for intentional injury
43.21 Retaliation in killing
43.22 Pardoning murder
43.23 Retaliation in Injury
43.24 e blood-money and crime of the slave set free and from whom
his former master does not inherit - THE OATH OF QASĀMA
44.1 Beginning with the people seeking blood revenge in the oath
44.2 Blood relatives who are permitted to swear in the case of an
intentional act
44.3 Swearing in the case of manslaughter
44.4 Inheritance in cases of qasāma
44.5 Swearing for blood revenge in cases involving slaves - A COMPREHENSIVE BOOK
45.1 Supplication for Madīna and its people
45.2 What has been narrated about dwelling in Madīna and leaving it
45.3 Making Madīna a ḥaram
45.4 e epidemic of Madīna
45.5 e expulsion of the Jews from Madīna
45.6 Concerning Madīna
45.7 About the plague - THE DECREE
46.1 e Prohibition against talking about the Decree
46.2 General section on the People of the Decree - GOOD CHARACTER
47.1 Good character
47.2 Modesty
47.3 Anger
47.4 Shunning People - DRESS
48.1 Wearing clothes for beautification
48.2 Wearing dyed garments and gold
48.3 Wearing rough silk
48.4 Clothes disapproved for women to wear
48.5 A man trailing his garments
48.6 A woman trailing her garments
48.7 Wearing sandals
48.8 Ways of dressing - THE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPHET صلى الله عليه وسلم
49.1 Description of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
49.2 Description of ‘Īsā ibn Maryam e and the Dajjāl
49.3 Sunna of the fiṭra (natural form)
49.4 Prohibition against eating with the left hand
49.5 e very poor
49.6 e intestines of the unbeliever
49.7 Prohibition against drinking from silver vessels and blowing into drinks
49.8 Drinking while standing
49.9 e sunna about drinking and passing to the right
49.10 General section on food and drink
49.11 Eating meat
49.12 Wearing rings
49.13 Pulling off necklaces and bells from the necks of camels - THE EVIL EYE
50.1 Wuḍū’ against the Evil Eye
50.2 Guarding against the Evil Eye
50.3 The invalid’s reward
50.4 Seeking refuge and using talismans in illness
50.5 Treating the invalid
50.6 Washing with water for a fever
50.7 Visiting invalids, and evil omens - HAIR
51.1 e sunna regarding hair
51.2 Caring for hair
51.3 Dyeing the hair
Chapters on Seeking Refuge and ose who Love Each other for the
Sake of Allah
51.4 What is commanded of seeking refuge in Allah
51.5 ose who love each other in Allah - VISIONS
52.1 Visions
52.2 Games of dice - GREETINGS
53.1 Behaviour in greeting
53.2 Greeting Jews and Christians
53.3 General section on the greeting - GENERAL
54.1 Asking permission to enter
54.2 Blessing someone who sneezes
54.3 Pictures and images
54.4 Eating lizards
54.5 Concerning dogs
54.6 Concerning sheep
54.7 Mice falling into clarified butter, and giving precedence to food over the prayer
54.8 Guarding against ill luck
54.9 Names that are disliked
54.10 Cupping and the reward of the cupper
54.11 Concerning the East
54.12 Killing snakes and what is said about them
54.13 What to say on journeys
54.14 Travelling alone in the case of men and women
54.15 How to behave on journeys
54.16 e command to be kind to slaves
54.17 A slave and his reward - THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE
55.1 About the oath of allegiance - SPEECH
56.1 Disliked speech
56.2 The order to be mindful in speech
56.3 Disliked speech and speech without the mention of Allah
56.4 Backbiting
56.5 What is feared from the tongue
56.6 Two people conversing to the exclusion of another
56.7 Truthfulness and lying
56.8 Squandering property and being two-faced
56.9 Punishing the many for the actions of the few
56.10 About people with taqwā
56.11 What to say when it thunders
56.12 The legacy of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم - JAHANNAM
57.1 Description of Jahannam - ṢADAQA
58.1 Stimulation of desire for ṣadaqa
58.2 Refraining from asking
58.3 What is disliked in ṣadaqa - KNOWLEDGE
59.1 Seeking Knowledge
60 THE SUPPLICATION OF THE UNJUSTLY WRONGED
60.1 Supplication of someone unjustly wronged - THE NAMES OF THE PROPHET صلى الله عليه وسلم
61.1 The names of the Prophet
