The universities emerged in the Middle Ages. The Studium generale in Paris was the model also for the oldest German universities. They were under both worldly and spiritual sovereignty, but were independently governing bodies with their own jurisdiction and...
ESSAYS
Despite numerous Taliban reassurances of women’s rights being protected within an Islamic framework, widely-read western media outlets not only publish malicious lies but also portray this caveat (“within an Islamic framework”) as an indication that women’s rights will be...
. Except as currency notes, all other use of paper in the modern financial system, be it as bonds, securities, transactions, communications, correspondences or messaging – has now been replaced by their corresponding digital and electronic versions.
Social media, like the platforms from which it is delivered, appears to be ever-evolving and becoming more complex. It is a phenomenon that, in many ways, is difficult to define. Most simply, it refers to a kind of social...
When we study Roman as well as Anglo-American legal history, we find it to be true as a general proposition that the most far-reaching changes and fundamental innovation in the structure and fabric of the law were brought about,...
The principle that the costs of administration of justice should be met entirely through court fees levied on users is termed as `full cost recovery’. In this chapter it is proposed to examine the practice in some of the...
The judiciary is the third branch of government; the third arm of the state. There simply can be no state or government without the judiciary in a genuine constitutional democracy. To breathe life into the African dream that is...
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