The first Arabic lexicon is that which is generally ascribed to al-Kอhalฤซl, and entitledย Kitฤbu สพl สฟAin. The following are the most celebrated Arabic dictionaries composed after theย สฟAin.
The Jamharah, by Ibn Duraid, died a.h. 321.
The Tahแบฤซb, by al-Azhari, died a.h. 370.
The Muแธฅฤซtฬค, by the แนขฤแธฅib Ibn สฟAbbฤd, died a.h. 385.
The Mujmal, by Ibn Fฤris, died a.h. 395.
The แนขiแธฅฤแธฅ, by al-Jauharฤซ, died a.h. 398.
The Jฤmiสฟ, by al-Qazzฤz, died a.h. 412.
The Mลซสฟab, by Abลซ Gอhฤlib, died a.h. 436.
The Muแธฅkam, by Ibn Sฤซdah, died a.h. 458.
The Asฤs, by az-Zamakอhsharฤซ, died a.h. 538.
The Mughrib, by al-Mutฬคarrizฤซ, died a.h. 610.
The สฟUbฤb, by aแนฃ-แนขฤghฤnฤซ, died a.h. 660.
The Lisฤnu สพl-สฟArab, by Ibn Mukarram, died a.h. 711.
The Tahแบฤซbu สพt-Tahแบฤซb, by Maแธฅmลซd at-Tanลซkอhi, died a.h. 723.
The Miแนฃbฤแธฅ, by Aแธฅmad ibn Muแธฅammad al-Faiyลซmฤซ, compiled a.h. 734.
The Mughni สพl-Labฤซb, by Ibn Hishฤm, died a.h. 761.
The Qฤmลซs, by al-Fairลซzฤbฤdฤซ, died a.h. 816.
The แนขiแธฅฤแธฅ (says Mr. Lane in his Preface to his Dictionary), is among the books of lexicology like the แนขaแธฅฤซแธฅ of Al-Bukอhฤrฤซ amongst the books of traditions; for the point on which turns the title to reliance is not the copiousness of the collection, but the condition of genuineness and correctness.
Two well-known dictionaries, compiled in modern times in Hindustฤn, are the Gอhiyฤsฬคu สพl-Lugอhat, by Maulawฤซ Gอhiyฤsฬคu สพd-dฤซn of Rฤmpลซr, and the Muntaha สพl-สฟArab, by สฟAbdu สพr-Raแธฅฤซm ibn สฟAbdu สพl-Karฤซm of แนขafฤซpลซr. These are both Arabic and Persian lexicons.
The Arabic-Latin dictionary of Jacob Golius, was printed at Leyden, a.d. 1653; that of Freytag at Halle, a.d. 1830โ35.
The Arabic-English and English-Arabic dictionaries extant areโ
Richardsonโs Persian-Arabic-English, a.d. 1777.
Richardsonโs English-Persian-Arabic, a.d. 1810.
Francis Johnsonโs Persian-Arabic-English, a.d. 1852.
Catafagoโs Arabic-English and English-Arabic, new edition, 1873.
Laneโs Arabic-English, a.d. 1863 to 1882, imperfect.
Dr. Badgerโs English-Arabic, a.d. 1881.
Dr. Steingassโs English-Arabic,ย a.d. 1882.
