MCQs on Crime and Criminology-4Th Set

1- A shift in attitude in respondents between two points during data collection is called

(1) Reactive effect

(2) Maturation effect

(3) Regression effect

(4) Conditioning effect

Answer: (3)

2. The timeTime χρόνος. Judicial: Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) यमः , पुं, (यमयति नियमयति जीवानां फलाफलमिति । यम् + अच् । विश्वे च कलयत्येव यः सर्व्वायुश्च सन्ततम् । अतीव दुर्निवार्य्यञ्च तं कालं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥यमैश्च नियमैश्चैव यः करोत्यात्मसंयमम् । स चादृष्ट्वा तु मां याति परं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥-frame in which a study explores a situation or problem is also called the

(1) Reference period

(2) Age

(3) Longitudinal

(4) Retrospective time

Answer: (1)

3 The major characteristic of correlation analysis is to seek out

(1) Differences among variables

(2) Variations among variables

(3) Association among variables

(4) Regression among variables

Answer: (3)

4. Which of the learner characteristics will influence his/her perspective in a course of study?

i) Learner’s commitment

ii) Parents interest in the learner

(iii) Prior knowledgeKnowledge Knowledge is derived from the process of an informed person integrating data from sense organs or intuition into their psyche. This concept is explored in the Vedic Nasadiya Sukta, which questions the possibility of ultimate truth or knowledge. In different languages, such as Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, and Chinese, knowledge is expressed as "η γνώση," "Scientia," "ज्ञानम्‌ ," and "知识 Zhīshì," respectively. of the learner

(iv) Skill of the learner in the concerned area

(v) Family size of the learner

(vi) Socio-economic background of the family to which the learner belongs

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) (i) (iii) and (iv)

(2) (i), (ii) and (Iii)

(3) (iii), (iv) and (v)

(4) (iv), (v) and (vi)

Answer: (1)

5. The performance of a student is compared with another student in which type of testing?

(1) Criterion referenced testing

(2) Diagnostic testing

(3) Summative testing

(4) Norm-referenced testing

Answer: (4)

6. From the list given below identify those which are called Non-probability sampling procedures’:

(i) Simple random sampling

(ii) Dimensional sampling

(iii) Snowball sampling

(iv) Cluster sampling

(v) Quota sampling

(vi) Stratified sampling

Choose the correct option

(1) (i), (ii) and (Iii)

(2) (ii), (iv) and (V)

(3) (i), (iii) and 6V)

(4) (ii). (iii) and (V)

Answer: (4)

7. The conceptual framework in which a research is conducted is called a

(1) Synopsis of research

(2) Research designDesign In India, design protection initially lasts for 10 years and can be extended for another 5 years i.e. protection can last for a maximum of 15 years.

(3) Research hypothesis

(4) Research paradigm

Answer: (2)

8. Which of the following is an example of a maximum performance test?

(1) Personality tests

(2) Projective personality tests

(3) Aptitude tests

(4) Interest and attitude scales

Answer: (3)

Q.9 Which of the strategies in the list given below will be associated with direct teaching?

(i) Providing examples and explanation

(ii) Promoting inquiry

(iii) Focussing on concepts

(iv) Giving review and recapitulation

(v) Oering practice and feedback

(vi) Problem raising and problem-solving

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(2) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

(3) (i), (iv) and (v)

(4) (iv) (v) and (vi)

Answer: (3)

10. From the list given below identify those questions which are called process rather than content based questions?

(i) Convergent questions

(ii) Divergent questions

(iii) FactFact Something तथ्य (In-formation) that truly exists or happens or some-thing that has actual existence. Circumstances: a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is. Indian Evidence Act: It means and includes— (i) anything, state of things, or relation of things, capable of being perceived by the senses; (ii) any mental condition of which any person is conscious. “facts in issue” means and includes any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of any right, liability or disability, asserted or denied in any suit or proceeding, necessarily follows. based questions

(iv) Concept based questions

(v) Open questions

(vi) Closed questions.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(2) (ii), (iii) and (M

(3) (iv), (v) and (vi)

(4) (ii), (iii) and (v)

Answer: (4)

Geography seeks to understand the physical and humanHuman Ο άνθρωπος (Humanum> Homo sapiens) मानव:. We have failed to consider the minimum need to be a 'human'. For Christians, human beings are sinful creatures, who need some saviour. For Evolution biology a man is still evolving, for what, we don´t know. For Buddhist Nagarjuna, the realisation of having a human body is a mere mental illusion. We are not ready to accept that a human is a computer made of meat. For a slave master, a human person is another animal, his sons and daughters are his personal property.             organization of the surface of the EarthEarth Sixty million years ago, the Earth may not have been radically different from the world known today. Vast soils supported dense vegetation, including banyan-like trees across the Indian subcontinent, with flourishing plant life extending through what is now Central Asia. Rivers resembling the modern Amazon may already have sustained abundant fish populations, while reptiles, snakes, turtles, and primates moved freely across diverse ecosystems. Human beings—both intelligent and unintelligent—were present, navigating cycles of stability and catastrophe. Localized cataclysms may have occurred without globally erasing life. Monkeys, snakes, and other familiar animals are assumed to have coexisted with humans, reinforcing the claim that biological continuity, rather than linear evolution, defines Earth’s history. From this perspective, fossil interpretation is seen as fragmentary and imaginative, shaped by academic models rather than complete evidence, with scholars constructing theoretical problems and resolving them through evolving intellectual frameworks rather than absolute historical certainty.. In the field of geography, inter-related themes are frequently seen. These are scale, pattern and process. Scale is defined as the level of structure on organisation at which a phenomenon is studied. Pattern is defined as the variation observed in a phenomenon studied at a particular scale. The third theme, process, further connects the first two. Process is defined as the description of how the factors that aect a phenomenon act to product a pattern at a particular scale. For instance, when a passenger on an aircraft looks out of the window, the View changes according to the scale. At the global scale when the aircraft maintains its height, he can see the chunks of clouds in all their pattern, the sun or the moon, as per the time. When the aircraft loses a little height, passengers can see the land and water masses in their dierent colours and the shape of land masses. At the continental scale, the passengers can see the shapes of the land features and how they are distributed. The pattern emerges as the variation of land and water and the proportion of each. Looking carefully, passengers can note how each land mass aligns with the others and how each mountain bears the signs of the process through which it emerged.

The processes in a geography change in a regularRegular Regulated by Christian law and practices, the opposite meaning of Secular. A regulated government accepts Vaticanism, the control under the papal monarchy. A secular government is free from papal intervention. and repetitive manner. One instance of this is the annual solar cycle of the sun and the earth. Most systems in nature display time cycles that are organised in a rhythm of their own as these time cycles and natural processes are always active, the environment of the earth is always in a state of dynamism. This environmental change is not only the result of natural process but also the result of human activity. Physical geography works towards understanding the interaction between man and nature and also the results of this interaction in order to manage global climate changeClimate Change It is an existential threat to life on Earth. To reduce the magnitude of the crisis’ impacts, we must limit global warming to 1.5°C, as decided in the Paris Agreement. Only decisive action will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for climate change. Article 4, paragraph 9 of the Paris Agreement provides that each Party shall communicate a nationally determined contribution every five years in accordance with decision 1/CP.21. better.

11. The time cycles of the system of nature follow their own

(1) Path

(2) Rhythm

(3) Process

(4) Cycle

Answer: (2)

12. The view seen by a passenger looking out of the window of an aircraft; will be affected by the

(1) Process

(2) Pattern

(3) Scale

(4) Rhythm

Answer: (3)

13. Physical geography studies the results of the interaction between man and nature in order to

(1) Understand global climate change

(2) Study the impact of man’s activities on nature

(3) Address the issue of global climate change

(4) Reduce man—animal conflict

Answer: (3)

14. In geography, pattern studies the variation observed in a phenomenon at

(1) A particular scale

(2) Any scale

(3) Every scale

(4) Most scales

Answer: (1)

15. The alignment of landmass with other elements can be seen by a passenger on a flight on a

(1) Global scale

(2) Continental scale

(3) Local scale

(4) Time scale

Answer: (2)

16 Match Set ‘A’ with Set ‘B’.

A (Media)	B (Transmission/Communication)
(a) Audio	(i) Bandwidth
(b) Advertising	(ii) Linear communication
(c) Internet	(iii) Non personal Communication
(d) Newspaper	(iv) Frequency modulation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

	a	b	c	d
1.	iii	iv	ii	i
2.	i	ii	iii	iv
3.	iv	iii	i	ii
4.	ii	i	iv	iii

Answer: (3)

17. When subject and predicate of both the premises are the same but they differ in quality only, it is known as

(1) Contradictories

(2) Contraries

(3) Subaltern

(4) Super altern

Answer: (2)

18. Which of the following fractions is the result of the sum of an integer and its reciprocal?

1. 15/8

2. 26/5

3. 36/7

4. 37/5

Answer: (2)

19. Mass media do not have pre-determined functions for everyone and peopleMen Ανθρωποι (People), a woman (γυναίκα), Man (Ανδρας) > Adama, Manu > No proof to establish that due to mutation a monkey turned into a human being. use them the way they like. This is suggestive of the fact that,

(1) Audiences are active

(2) Content is of little significance

(3) Content lacks plurality

(4) Audiences are homogeneous

Answer: (1)

20. If proposition ‘All republics are grateful’ is taken to be true then which of the following propositions can be false?

(i) Republics are not grateful

(ii) Some republics are not grateful

(iii) No republics are grateful

(iv) Some republics are grateful

Select the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) (i) only

(2) (ii) only

(3) (i). (ii) and (iii)

(4) (ii) and (iii)

Answer: (3)

21 Sanjay sold an article at a loss of 25%. If the selling price had been increased by Rs. 175, there would have been a gain of 10%. What was the cost price of the article?

(1) Rs. 350

(2) Rs. 400

(3) Rs. 500

(4) Rs. 750

Answer: (3)

22. A communication process can be considered complete when

(1) The sender transmits the message

(2) The message enters the channel

(3) The message leaves the channel

(4) The receiver understands the message

Answer: (4)

23. A customer writes to a bank, ‘Kindly send me a statement of my transactions in my savings bank account ‘A’ during the last three months”. In terms of communication it will be called

(1) Input

(2) Message

(3) Output

(4) Feedback

Answer: (2)

24. A train leaves Agra at 5 am and reaches Delhi at 9 am. Another train leaves Delhi at 7 am and reaches Agra at 10:30 a.m. At what time do the two trains cross each other?

(1) 6:36 am

(2) 6:56 am

(3) 7 am

(4) 7:56 am

Answer: (4)

25. The proposition ‘No red is black is equivalent to which of the following propositions?

(i) No black is red

(ii) All red are black

(iii) Some red are not black

(iv) Red is not black

Select the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) (i), (ii). (iii) and (iv)

(2) (iii) only

(3) (1) and (iv)

(4) (iv) only

Answer: (3)

26. Given below are two premises with four conclusions drawn from them.

Which of the following conclusions could be validly drawn from the premises?

Premises:

(i) Some bags are tables

(1i) All bags are chairs.

Conclusions:

(a) Some tables are chairs

(b) No chair is table

(c) Some chairs are bags

(d) Some bags are not tables

Select the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) (a) and (c)

(2) (b), (c) and (d)

(3) (a) and (d)

(4) (b) only

Answer: (1)

27. The average of 35 raw scores is 18. The average of first seventeen of them is 14 and that of last seventeen is 20. Find the eighteenth raw score.

(1) 42

(2) 46

(3) 52

(4) 56

Answer: (3)

28. Identify the reasoning in the following argumentArguments It is not quarreling. It can be divided into Deductive, inductive, and conductive > Functional includes include: “because”, “since”, “for”, and “as”; typical conclusion indicators include “therefore”, “thus”, “hence”, and “so”. पंच अवयव तर्कः प्रतिज्ञा हेतू उदाहरणम् निगमनम् अवयवाः > premises to conclusion or conclusion to premises to Proof something. Proof is a derivation of a conclusion from premises through a valid argument.: Pre-active stage of classroom teaching is important just as pre-learningLearning Educational learning theories: Cognitive Learning Theory, Behaviorism Learning Theory, Constructivism Learning Theory, Humanism Learning Theory, Connectivism Learning Theory, Transformative Learning Theory, Social Learning Theory, Experiential Learning Theory. preparation stage of communication’

(1) Hypothetical

(2) Deductive

(3) Inductive

(4) Analogical

Answer: (4)

29. In the context of communication, usual sequence is

(1) Language —> Communication —> Society —> Civilization

(2) Communication —> Society —> Language —> Civilization

(3) Communication —> Language —> Society —> Civilization

(4) Language —> Society —> Communication —> Civilization

Answer: (3)

30. If REASON is coded as 5 and GOVERNMENT as 9, than what is the code for ACCIDENT?

(1) 6

(2) 7

(3) 8

(4) 9

Answer: (2)

Consider the following table that shows expenditures of a company (in lakh rupees) per annum over the given years. Answer the questions based on the data contained in the table:

31. The approximate ratio between the total expenditure on taxes for all the years and the total expenditure on transport for all the years is

(1) 31 : 40

(2) 25: 36

(3) 27 : 30

(4) 31 : 36

Answer: (4)

32. The total amount of bonus paid by the company during the given period is approximately what percent of the total amount of salary paid during this period?

(1) 0.9%

(2) 1.3%

(3) 1.6%

(4) 2.0%

Answer: (2)

33. Total expenditure of all the items in 2008 was approximately what percent of the total expenditure in 2012?

(1) 66%

(2) 69%

(3) 72%

(4) 75%

Answer: (1)

34. The approximate ratio between the total expenditure of the company in the year 2008 and the total expenditure of the company in the year 2009 is

(1) 57: 75

(2) 52: 68

(3) 57 : 68

(4) 68 : 57

Answer: (3)

35. What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay (in Rupees) during this period?

(1) 30.5 Lakh

(2) 32.7 Lakh

(3) 33.7 Lakh

(4) 35.5 Lakh

Answer: (3)

36. Which of the following statements represent the main functions of UGC?

(1) Recognition of institutions

(1i) Maintenance of quality and standards

(Iii) Appointment of Vice Chancellor

(iv) Giving grants to institutions

(v) Making state governments responsible for educational developmentDevelopment ανάπτυξη

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(2) (i), (iii) and (iv)

(3) (i), (ii) and (iv)

(4) (ii), (iii) and (v)

Answer: (3)

37. The main aim of the faculty recharge scheme of UGC was to

(1) Address the shortage of faculty in higher education institution

(2) Upgrade the teaching skills of the faculty

(3) Upgrade the research infrastructure for the faculty in colleges and universities

(4) Strengthen the academia — industryIndustries A group of productive organizations or companies, participate in economic activities, and GDP > High-technology, Petroleum, Steel, Motor vehicles, Aerospace, Telecommunications, Chemicals, Electronics, Agribusiness, Food processing, Information technology, Artificial intelligence, Consumer goods, Lumber, Retail, Healthcare, Financial services, Mining, Renewable energy, Quantum computing, Space technology, Defence, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, linkage

Answer: (1)

38. Which of the following is an online store house of all academic awards like certificates, diplomas, degrees marksheets etc?

(1) SWAYAM

(2) National Digital LibraryLibrary (1) Chinese Library Classification (2025 Current Version), (2) Library of Congress Classification (3) Vatican Apostolic Library (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana)

(3) National Academic Library

(4) National Academic Depository

Answer: (4)

39. The convenient place to store contact information for quick retrieval in e-mail is

(1) Address box

(2) Message box

(3) Address bookBook Council of Trent (1545–1563) the Catholic Church created a Congregation of the Index, to declare a writing dangerous and to burn it, till it exists without notice. For Christians, the Bible, and for Muslims Quran, is only good for human guidance and nothing else. After Jesus, St. Peter and St. Paul are the most educated persons in the Christian world.

(4) Message book

Answer: (3)

40. Montreal protocolProtocol A term used to denote an international agreement. A protocol is often used to supplement, clarify, amend, or qualify a treaty and is sometimes of a less formal nature than a treaty. Security Protocol. aims at

(1) Reduction in emissions of green house gases

(2) Phasing out ozone depleting substances

(3) Prohibiting transboundary movement of hazardous waste

(4) Enhancing cooperation among UN member states for peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Answer: (2)

41. SMTP is an acronym for

(1) Simple Mail Transport Protocol

(2) Simple Mail Terminal Protocol

(3) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(4) Simple Mail Transition Protocol

Answer: (3)

42. In large parts of Eastern IndiaIndia Hind/ hend >hindia. Bharat Varsha (Jambudvipa used in Mahavamsha) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । The place also been called Hindusthan in Pesia. The word Hendu is mentioned in Avesta. Read more, the ground water is contaminated by

(1) Arsenic

(2) Lead

(3) Mercury

(4) Nickel

Answer: (1)

43. Taj Mahal is mainly threatened by the deleterious effects of

(1) Sulphur dioxideSulphur dioxide An inorganic chemical compound that is produced industrially for sulphuric acid and is also a pollutant by-product of fossil fuel combustion. Also a product of volcanic eruptions. Sulphur dioxide emissions deplete ozone and are a precursor to acid rain and atmospheric particulates. Dangerous to human and ecosystem health and have been mitigated substantially since the introduction of flue-gas desulphurisation technologies at coal-fired power plants. SO2 emissions are being further reduced by the shift to low-sulphur fuels for marine transport. However, reducing SO2 emissions can also have a warming effect on the climate as SO2 converts to sulphate aerosols that block incoming solar radiation and nucleate clouds that can also reflect incoming radiation.

(2) Chlorine

(3) Oxygen

(4) HydrogenHydrogen The lightest chemical element has a variety of industrial and energy applications. As of 2023, most large-scale hydrogen production is for the production of ammonia-based fertilisers or for use in hydrocracking and hydrotreating of oil at refineries. In recent years, colours have been vaguely used to refer to different hydrogen production methods.

Answer: (1)

44. Two statements are given

Statement I: Earthquake ‘A’ is 5 on Richter scale and Earthquake ‘B’ is 8 on the same scale. Earthquake ‘B’ has 1000 times the wave amplitude compared to ‘A’.

Statement II: The energy released in ‘B’ is three times that of ‘A’

Choose the correct option:

(1) Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect

(2) Statement I and II are correct

(3) Statement II is correct and I is incorrect

(4) Statement I and II are incorrect

Answer: (1)

45. A computer has main memoryMemory It is the process of storing and then remembering this information. Forgetting may be a sign of a more serious problem, such as: Alzheimer's disease, Other types of dementia, Stroke, Depression, Head injuries, Blood clots or tumors in the brain, Kidney, liver, or thyroid problems, Reactions to certain medicines, of 960 KBytes. What is the exact numberNumber Αριθμός of bytes contained in this memory?

(1) 960 x 8

(2) 960 x 1000

(3) 960 x 1024

(4) 960 x 1024 x 1024

Answer: (3)

46. Name the scheme which facilitates academic and research collaboration between IndianIndia Hind/ hend >hindia. Bharat Varsha (Jambudvipa used in Mahavamsha) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । The place also been called Hindusthan in Pesia. The word Hendu is mentioned in Avesta. Read more Institution and the best institution in the worldWorld Κόσμος

(1) ICSSR — IMPRESS

(2) Sta Development Scheme

(3) SPARC

(4) Institutional Development Scheme

Answer: (3)

47. Which of the following file format is not a video file format?

(1) AW

(2) .MOV

(3) .MP4

(4) .JPEG

Answer: (4)

48. For the day to day administration of University, which of the following bodies is responsible?

(1) Senate

(2) Syndicate/ Executive council

(3) Student council

(4) Academic council

Answer: (2)

49. Efficiency of electrical powerPower The amount of energy transferred or converted per unit of time. In the International System of Units, the unit of it is the watt, equal to one joule per second. The capacity of energy infrastructure is rated using watts, which indicate its potential to supply or consume energy in a given period of time. A Power-plant rated at 100 MW has the potential to produce 100 MWh if it operates for one hour. generation is least amongst the following sources of energy in case of

(1) Solar

(2) WindWind Ανεμος . वायुः पुं > Similar श्वसनः  स्पर्शनः  मातरिश्वा  सदागतिः  पृषदश्वः  गन्धवहः  गन्धवाहः  अनिलः आशुगः  समीरः मारुतः  मरुत् जगत्प्राणः समीरणः  नभस्वान्  वातः  पवनः  पवमानः प्रभञ्जनः अजगत्प्राणः  खश्वासः वाहः धूलिध्वजः फणिप्रियः वातिः नभःप्राणः भोगिकान्तः  स्वकम्पनः अक्षतिः कम्पलक्ष्मा  शसीनिः  आवकः  हरिः  वासः  सुखाशः  मृगवाहनः  सारः  चञ्चलः  विहगः  प्रकम्पनः  नभःस्वरः निश्वासकः  स्तनूनः  पृषतांपतिः । Vedic Deity. Solar wind is a stream of charged particles, consists mostly of electrons and protons with energies (1 keV). Pranayama= controlling breathe.

(3) Geothermal

(4) Nuclear

Answer: (3)

50. Which of the following is a non-conventional learning programme in higher education?

(1) Swayam

(2) Face-to-face teaching-learning

(3) Tutorial class

(4) Seminar

Answer: (1)