Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 20232023 Main events: Library Posts

Indian Penal Code 1860

25-Dec-2023

Read also:

Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023

Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

THE-BHARATIYA-NYAYA-SANHITA-202

MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICEJustice δικαιοσύνη > judicature ( δικαιοσύνη) > judge (δικαστής / κριτής). The whole purpose of Plato`s Republic is to search for Justice. The purpose of Justice is to establish a perfect State. The State of happiness (ευτυχία)
(Legislative Department)
New DelhiNew Delhi Indraprastha, the capital of Emperor Yudhisthira and Pandavas constructed by Mayasura, where Rajasuya Yagna was performed under the guidance of Krishna Dvaipayana and the protection of  Vasudeva Krishna in the present-day Raja Ghat area. Prtvi Rajaj was the last Hindu king of Delhi., the 25th December, 2023/Pausha 4, 1945 (Saka)

The following Act of Parliament received the assent of the President on the 25th December 2023 and is hereby published for general information:—

An Act to consolidate and amend the provisions relating to offences and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto-

CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

1. Short title, commencement and application.
2. Definitions.
3. General explanations.

CHAPTER II
OF PUNISHMENTS

4. Punishments.
5. Commutation of sentence.
6. Fractions of terms of punishment.
7. Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.
8. Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
9. Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.
10. Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2).  Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022) stating that it is doubtful of which.
11. Solitary confinement.
12. Limit of solitary confinement.
13. Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.

CHAPTER III
GENERAL EXCEPTIONS

14. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of factFact Something तथ्य (In-formation) that truly exists or happens or some-thing that has actual existence. Circumstances: a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is. Indian Evidence Act: It means and includes— (i) anything, state of things, or relation of things, capable of being perceived by the senses; (ii) any mental condition of which any person is conscious. “facts in issue” means and includes any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of any right, liability or disability, asserted or denied in any suit or proceeding, necessarily follows. believing himself bound, by lawLaw νόμος:  Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Judiciary > Show me the face, and I will show you the law. Some people know how to bend the law rather than break it. Law Practice. Read a scholarly article.
15. Act of Judge when acting judicially.
16. Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court.
17. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.
18. Accident in doing a lawful act.
19. Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.
20. Act of a child under seven years of age.
21. Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding.
22. Act of a person of unsound mindMind We know nothing about its origin, growth, or demise. Where it lives, can it live without a brain? Possibly, the mind is the soul and spirit. See Consciousness.
23. Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.
24. Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledgeKnowledge Knowledge is derived from the process of an informed person integrating data from sense organs or intuition into their psyche. This concept is explored in the Vedic Nasadiya Sukta, which questions the possibility of ultimate truth or knowledge. In different languages, such as Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, and Chinese, knowledge is expressed as "η γνώση," "Scientia," "ज्ञानम्‌ ," and "知识 Zhīshì," respectively. committed by one who is intoxicated.
25. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consentConsent Dr. Dhruvaram Murlidhar Sonar v. State of Maharashtra [2018] 13 SCR 920 : (2019) 18 SCC 191; Pramod Suryabhan Pawar v. State of Maharashtra [2019] 11 SCR 423 : (2019) 9 SCC 608.Shiv Pratap Singh Rana v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Anr [2024] 7 S.C.R. 8. Doing Sex: involves an active understanding of the circumstances, actions and consequences of the proposed act. An individual who makes a reasoned choice to act after evaluating various alternative actions (or inaction) as well as the various possible consequences flowing from such action (or inaction), consents to such action..
26. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faithFaith  πίστει. for person’s benefit.
27. Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian.
28. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.
29. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.
30. Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.
31. Communication made in good faith.
32. Act to which a person is compelled by threats.
33. Act causing slight harm.

Of right of private defence

34. Things done in private defence.
35. Right of private defence of body and of property.
36. Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc.
37. Acts against which there is no right of private defence.
38. When right of private defence of body extends to causing death.
39. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
40. Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body.
41. When right of private defence of property extends to causing death.
42. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
43. Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property.
44. Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.

CHAPTER IV
OF ABETMENT, CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPT

Of abetment

45. Abetment of a thing.
46. Abettor.
47. Abetment in IndiaIndia Hind/ hend >hindia. Bharat Varsha (Jambudvipa used in Mahavamsha) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । The place also been called Hindusthan in Pesia. The word Hendu is mentioned in Avesta. Read more of offences outside India.
48. Abetment outside India for offence in India.
49. Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no
express provision is made for its punishment.
50. Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intentionIntention This means to “have in mind.” A plant to do a thing (Planning: premeditation is evident through evidence of active preparation, e.g., hoarding pills, purchase of weapon). It refers to the aim, purpose, or goal of the behavior, e.g., to seek an end to/solution. A conscious mental process to move precedes the brain’s preparation for movement. from that of abettor.
51. Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.
52. Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.
53. Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor.
54. Abettor present when offence is committed.
55. Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
56. Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.
57. Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons.
58. Concealing designDesign In India, design protection initially lasts for 10 years and can be extended for another 5 years i.e. protection can last for a maximum of 15 years. to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
59. Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.
60. Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.

Of criminal conspiracy

61. Criminal conspiracy.

Of attempt

62. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.

CHAPTER V
OF OFFENCES AGAINST WOMANMen Ανθρωποι (People), a woman (γυναίκα), Man (Ανδρας) > Adama, Manu > No proof to establish that due to mutation a monkey turned into a human being. AND CHILD

Of sexual offences

63. Rape.
64. Punishment for rape.
65. Punishment for rape in certain cases.
66. Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.
67. Sexual intercourseSexual intercourse Penetrative union > मैथुनम् > σεξουαλική επαφή>  also include LGBTQ Sexual practice, oral sex, sodomy, bestiality   by husband upon his wife during separation.
68. Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.
69. Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.
70. Gang rape.
71. Punishment for repeat offenders.
72. Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc.
73. Printing or publishing of any matterMatter Normal matter is made of molecules, which are themselves made of atoms. Inside the atoms, electrons are spinning around the nucleus. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons. Inside the protons and neutrons, exist indivisible quarks, like the electrons. All matter around us is made of elementary particles. ( building blocks of matter > quarks and leptons). All stable matter in the universe is made from particles that belong to the first-generation. Fundamental forces result from the exchange of force-carrier particles, which belong to a broader group called “bosons”. The strong force is carried by the “gluon”, electromagnetic force is carried by the “photon.” relating to Court proceedings without permission.

Of criminal force and assault against woman

74. Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.
75. Sexual harassment.
76. Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.
77. Voyeurism.
78. Stalking.
79. WordWord Λόγος , gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman.
Of offences relating to marriage
80. Dowry death.
81. Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage.
82. Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.
83. Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.
84. Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.
85. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to crueltyCruelty Physical, mental, social.
86. Cruelty defined.
87. Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.

Of causing miscarriage, etc.

88. Causing miscarriage.
89. Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.
90. Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.
91. Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth.
92. Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.

Of offences against child

93. Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person
having care of it.
94. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.
95. Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.
96. Procuration of child.
97. Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person.
98. Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.
99. Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

CHAPTER VI
OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE HUMANHuman Ο άνθρωπος (Humanum> Homo sapiens) मानव:. We have failed to consider the minimum need to be a 'human'. For Christians, human beings are sinful creatures, who need some saviour. For Evolution biology a man is still evolving, for what, we don´t know. For Buddhist Nagarjuna, the realisation of having a human body is a mere mental illusion. We are not ready to accept that a human is a computer made of meat. For a slave master, a human person is another animal, his sons and daughters are his personal property.             BODY

Of offences affecting life

100. Culpable homicide.
101. Murder.
102. Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.
103. Punishment for murder.
104. Punishment for murder by life-convict.
105. Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
106. Causing death by negligence.
107. Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind.
108. Abetment of suicide.
109. Attempt to murderAttempt to murder The court has to see whether the act, irrespective of its result, was done with the intention or knowledge and under circumstances mentioned in the section. The intention of the accused can be ascertained from the actual injury, if any, as well as from surrounding circumstances. Among other things, the nature of the weapon used and the severity of the blows inflicted can be considered to infer intent. (SIVAMANI AND ANR VS STATE REPRESENTED BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE, VELLORE TALUK POLICE STATION, VELLORE DISTRICT-2023 INSC 1027). Necessary: intent coupled with some overt act in execution thereof. Sect 307 IPC cannot be acquitted merely because the injuries inflicted on the victim were in the nature of a simple hurt. This position was highlighted in State of Maharashtra v. Balram Bama Patil and Ors. (1983 (2) SCC 28), Girija Shanker v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2004 (3) SCC 793), R. Parkash v. State of Karnataka (JT 2004 (2) SC 348) and State of M.P. v. Saleem @ Chamaru and Anr. (2005 (5) SCC 554) and, State of Madhya Pradesh v. Imrat and Anr. 2008 (11) SCC 523..
110. Attempt to commit culpable homicide.
111. Organised crimeCrime A positive or negative act in violation of penal law; an offense against the state classified either as a felony or misdemeanor..
112. Petty organised crime.
113. Terrorist actTerrorist Act (a) an act which constitutes an offence within the scope of, and as defined in one of the following treaties: (i) Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (1970); (ii) Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (1971); (iii) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents (1973); (iv) International Convention against the Taking of Hostages (1979); (v) Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (1980); (vi) Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (1988); (vii) Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (2005); (viii) Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf (2005); (ix) International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997); and (x) International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999). (b) any other act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in the hostilities in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population or to compel a Government or an international organisation to do or to abstain from doing any act. (FATF).

Of hurt

114. Hurt.
115. Voluntarily causing hurt.
116. Grievous hurt.
117. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.
118. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.
119. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.
120. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.
121. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.
122. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation.
123. Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.
124. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acidAcid A chemical that gives off hydrogen ions in water and forms salts by combining with certain metals. Acids have a sour taste and turn certain dyes red. Some acids made by the body, such as gastric acid, can help organs work the way they should. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid. Acidity is measured on a scale called the pH scale. On this scale, a value of 7 is neutral, and a pH value of less than 7 to 0 shows increasing acidity., etc.
125. Act endangering life or personal safety of others.

Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement

126. Wrongful restraint.
127. Wrongful confinement.

Of criminal force and assault

128. Force.
129. Criminal force.
130. Assault.
131. Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.
132. Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.
133. Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.
134. Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.
135. Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person.
136. Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.

Of kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour

137. Kidnapping.
138. Abduction.
139. Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.
140. Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.
141. Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.
142. Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.
143. Trafficking of person.
144. Exploitation of a trafficked person.
145. Habitual dealing in slaves.
146. Unlawful compulsory labour.

CHAPTER VII
OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE

147. Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India.
148. Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147.
149. Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India.
150. Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.
151. Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful powerPower The amount of energy transferred or converted per unit of time. In the International System of Units, the unit of it is the watt, equal to one joule per second. The capacity of energy infrastructure is rated using watts, which indicate its potential to supply or consume energy in a given period of time. A Power-plant rated at 100 MW has the potential to produce 100 MWh if it operates for one hour..
152. Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
153. Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peacePeace εἰρήνη with Government of India.
154. Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India.
155. Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154.
156. Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.
157. Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.
158. Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.

CHAPTER VIII
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMYArmy The Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran shall be an Islamic army, which is an ideological and peoples army and which shall recruit competent individuals faithful to the objectives of the Islamic Revolution and ready to make sacrifices for attaining the same. (Art-144), NAVY AND AIRAIR All India Reporter FORCE

159. Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.
160. Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.
161. Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his officeOffice Αξίωμα > Officer > Office-bearer (1593) > Opus, officium, ex officio (Latin). Box-office (Cash Box)..
162. Abetment of such assault, if assault committed.
163. Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.
164. Harbouring deserter.
165. Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.
166. Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.
167. Persons subject to certain Acts.
168. Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.

CHAPTER IX
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS

169. Candidate, electoral right defined.
170. Bribery.
171. Undue influence at elections.
172. Personation at elections.
173. Punishment for bribery.
174. Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.
175. False statement in connection with an election.
176. Illegal payments in connection with an election.
177. Failure to keep election accountsAccounting It is the process of recording, summarizing, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions of a business or individual. Types of Accounts > Assets- Things you own (cash, property) Liabilities- Things you owe (loans, bills) Equity- Owner’s stake in the business Revenue- Money you earn (sales, services) Expenses- Costs to run the business .

CHAPTER X
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY-NOTES, BANK-NOTES, AND
GOVERNMENT STAMPS

178. Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.
179. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.
180. Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.
181. Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.
182. Making or using documentsDocument It means any matter expressed or described or otherwise recorded upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks or any other means or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which may be used, for the purpose of recording that matter and includes electronic and digital records. (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023) resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.
183. Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from documentDocument It means any matter expressed or described or otherwise recorded upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks or any other means or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which may be used, for the purpose of recording that matter and includes electronic and digital records. (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023) a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.
184. Using Government stamp known to have been before used.
185. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.
186. Prohibition of fictitious stamps.
187. Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.
188. Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.

CHAPTER XI
OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY

189. Unlawful assembly.
190. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.
191. Rioting.
192. Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed.
193. Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.
194. Affray.
195. Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
196. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religionReligion ‘The word ( θρησκεία) -Re Legion (Latin)- A group or Collection or a brigade, is a social-cultural construction and substantially doesn’t exist. Catholic religion (संघवाद) is different from the Protestant religion (संघवाद). Dharma is not Religion (धार्मिक संगठन). "Religion" occurs 5 times in 5 verses in the KJV. Hindu Religion means in the indian language is हिंदू धार्मिक संगठन. Deen in Islam., raceRace It is a major subdivision of mankind, regarded as having a common origin, and is made up of individuals who have a relatively constant combination of physical traits that are handed on from parents to children. Ethnicity and race are often thought of as one and the same, but they do not consistently have the same meaning. Ethnicity refers to cultural features while race has biological as well as cultural components., place of
birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.
197. Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.

CHAPTER XII
OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS

198. Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.
199. Public servant disobeying direction under law.
200. Punishment for non-treatment of victim.
201. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.
202. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.
203. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.
204. Personating a public servant.
205. Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.

CHAPTER XIII
OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS

206. Absconding to avoid service of summonsSummons It means an application to the Court in relation to an action or appeal which has to be served on other parties or non‑parties. or other proceeding.
207. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publicationPublication It includes any speech, writing, broadcast, or other communication in whatever form (including internet and social media), which is addressed to the public at large or any section of the public. thereof.
208. Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.
209. Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha SanhitaBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 Criminal Procedure (Came into force on 01/07/2023) BNSS, 2023.
210. Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.
211. Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.
212. Furnishing false information.
213. Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.
214. Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.
215. Refusing to sign statement.
216. False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.
217. False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person.
218. Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant.
219. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
220. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
221. Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.
222. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.
223. Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.
224. Threat of injury to public servant.
225. Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.
226. Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power.

CHAPTER XIV
OF FALSE EVIDENCEEvidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved. Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023 AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

227. Giving false evidence.
228. Fabricating false evidence.
229. Punishment for false evidence.
230. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.
231. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.
232. Threatening any person to give false evidence.
233. Using evidence known to be false.
234. Issuing or signing false certificate.
235. Using as true a certificate known to be false.
236. False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.
237. Using as true such declaration knowingKnowledge Knowledge is derived from the process of an informed person integrating data from sense organs or intuition into their psyche. This concept is explored in the Vedic Nasadiya Sukta, which questions the possibility of ultimate truth or knowledge. In different languages, such as Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, and Chinese, knowledge is expressed as "η γνώση," "Scientia," "ज्ञानम्‌ ," and "知识 Zhīshì," respectively. it to be false.
238. Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender.
239. Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.
240. Giving false information respecting an offence committed.
241. Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence.
242. False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.
243. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited
or in execution.
244. Fraudulent claimA Claim A claim is “factually unsustainable” where it could be said with confidence before trial that the factual basis for the claim is entirely without substance, which can be the case if it were clear beyond question that the facts pleaded are contradicted by all the documents or other material on which it is based. to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.
245. Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.
246. Dishonestly making false claim in Court.
247. Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.
248. False charge of offence made with intent to injure.
249. Harbouring offender.
250. Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.
251. Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender.
252. Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.
253. Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered.
254. Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.
255. Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.
256. Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from
punishment or property from forfeiture.
257. Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law.
258. Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.
259. Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend.
260. Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend
person under sentence or lawfully committed.
261. Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.
262. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.
263. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.
264. Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for.
265. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.
266. Violation of condition of remission of punishment.
267. Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.
268. Personation of assessor.
269. Failure by person released on bailBail It means release of a person accused of or suspected of commission of an offence from the custody of law upon certain conditions imposed by an officer or Court on execution by such person of a bond or a bail bond. "bailable offence" means an offence which is shown as bailable in the First Schedule, or which is made bailable by any other law for the time being in force; and "non-bailable offence" means any other offence; "bail bond" means an undertaking for release with surety; "bond" means a personal bond or an undertaking for release without surety. No person who has been arrested by a police officer shall be discharged except on his bond, or bail bond, or under the special order of a Magistrate. (S 60) bond or bond to appear in Court.

CHAPTER XV
OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENIENCE, DECENCY AND MORALS

270. Public nuisance.
271. Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
272. Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
273. Disobedience to quarantine rule.
274. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.
275. Sale of noxious food or drink.
276. Adulteration of drugs.
277. Sale of adulterated drugs.
278. Sale of drugDrug Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition. Drugs can also affect how the brain and the rest of the bodywork and cause changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavior. Some types of drugs, such as opioids, may be abused or lead to addiction. Apart from management Allopathic drugs never cure any disease. as a different drug or preparation.
279. Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.
280. Making atmosphere noxious to health.
281. Rash driving or riding on a public way.
282. Rash navigation of vessel.
283. Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.
284. Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.
285. Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.
286. Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.
287. Negligent conduct with respect to fireFire It was created from stones approximately 400,000 years ago, or possibly much earlier. Researchers have discovered the earliest known instance of human-created fire, which took place in the east of England 400,000 years ago (in the village of Barnham). The Rigveda mentions the use of Agni for Yagna much earlier than 10,000 years ago. or combustible matter.
288. Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.
289. Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.
290. Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings,etc.
291. Negligent conduct with respect to animal.
292. Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.
293. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.
294. Sale, etc., of obscene booksBook Council of Trent (1545–1563) the Catholic Church created a Congregation of the Index, to declare a writing dangerous and to burn it, till it exists without notice. For Christians, the Bible, and for Muslims Quran, is only good for human guidance and nothing else. After Jesus, St. Peter and St. Paul are the most educated persons in the Christian world., etc.
295. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child.
296. Obscene acts and songs.
297. Keeping lottery office.

CHAPTER XVI
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO RELIGION

298. Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class.
299. Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.
300. Disturbing religious assembly.
301. Trespassing on burial places, etc.
302. Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person.

CHAPTER XVII
OF OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY

Of theft

303. Theft.
304. Snatching.
305. Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.
306. Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.
307. Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft.

Of extortion

308. Extortion.

Of robbery and dacoity

309. Robbery.
310. Dacoity.
311. Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.
312. Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.
313. Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc.

Of criminal misappropriation of property

314. Dishonest misappropriation of property.
315. Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the timeTime χρόνος. Judicial: Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) यमः , पुं, (यमयति नियमयति जीवानां फलाफलमिति । यम् + अच् । विश्वे च कलयत्येव यः सर्व्वायुश्च सन्ततम् । अतीव दुर्निवार्य्यञ्च तं कालं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥यमैश्च नियमैश्चैव यः करोत्यात्मसंयमम् । स चादृष्ट्वा तु मां याति परं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥ of his death.
Of criminal breach of trustTrust It originated and was reduced to practice under the jurisdiction of courts by the civil law, was expanded and developed in the courts of chancery, and has been employed in nearly every field of human activity. The fundamental nature of a trust is the division of title, with the trustee being the holder of legal title and the beneficiary that of equitable title. By definition, the creation of a trust must involve a conveyance of property. > Trust Deed ∫ Having trust/faith/confidence in something
316. Criminal breach of trust.

Of receiving stolen property

317. Stolen property.

Of cheating

318. Cheating.
319. Cheating by personation.

Of fraudulent deeds and dispositions of property

320. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors.
321. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.
322. Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration.
323. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.

Of mischief

324. Mischief.
325. Mischief by killing or maiming animal.
326. Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.
327. Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden.
328. Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.

Of criminal trespass

329. Criminal trespass and house-trespass.
330. House-trespass and house-breaking.
331. Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking.
332. House-trespass in order to commit offence.
333. House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.
334. Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.

CHAPTER XVIII
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND TO PROPERTY MARKS

335. Making a false document.
336. ForgeryForgery In a legal and moral sense (Lat. falsum),  it is the utterance or publication, with intent to deceive or defraud, or to gain some advantage, of a false document, put out by one person in the name of and as the genuine work of another, who did not execute it, or the subsequent alteration of a genuine document by one who did not execute the original. This species of falsification extends alike to all classes of writings, promissory notes, the coin or currency of the realm, to any legal or private document, or to a book..
337. Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.
338. Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.
339. Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.
340. Forged documentForgery In a legal and moral sense (Lat. falsum),  it is the utterance or publication, with intent to deceive or defraud, or to gain some advantage, of a false document, put out by one person in the name of and as the genuine work of another, who did not execute it, or the subsequent alteration of a genuine document by one who did not execute the original. This species of falsification extends alike to all classes of writings, promissory notes, the coin or currency of the realm, to any legal or private document, or to a book. or electronic record and using it as genuine.
341. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery
punishable under section 338.
342. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.
343. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.
344. Falsification of accounts.

Of property marks

345. Property mark.
346. Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.
347. Counterfeiting a property mark.
348. Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.
349. Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.
350. Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.

CHAPTER XIX
OF CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT, ANNOYANCE, DEFAMATION, ETC.

351. Criminal intimidation.
352. Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace.
353. Statements conducing to public mischief.
354. Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure.
355. Misconduct in public by a drunken person.

Of defamation

356. Defamation.

Of breach of contractContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act. to attend on and supply wants of helpless person

357. Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.

CHAPTER XX
REPEAL AND SAVINGS

358. Repeal and savings.

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