OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LITIGANTS IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY
Court of Chancery- State of Delaware USA
I. PLEADINGS AND SERVICE
(1) Special Process Servers: The following uniform procedure applies to all persons serving process for Court of Chancery matters.
i. All persons, other than the Sheriff, wishing to serve process for Court of Chancery matters must be registered with the Court, which registration will be renewable annually on May 1 of each year.
a. Individuals wishing to become designated as special process servers must complete the Application of Individual Seeking Designation as Special Process Server and accompanying certification, in the form attached to the Court Rules.
b. The Applicant, or the company or lawLaw νόμος: Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Judiciary > Show me the face, and I will show you the law. Some people know how to bend the law rather than break it. Law Practice. Read a scholarly article firm that employs them, must pay an annual registration fee of $300 and an annual renewal fee of $300, plus $50 per person for each person the applicant seeks to register as a special process server.
c. Payment may be remitted by check to the Register in Chancery OfficeOffice Αξίωμα > Officer > Office-bearer (1593) > Opus, officium, ex officio (Latin). Box-office (Cash Box). Administrator.
ii. Motions and proposed orders for appointment of a special process server are no longer necessary and will not be accepted.
a. In each case in which a lawyer or party wishes the Register in Chancery to prepare a summonsSummons It means an application to the Court in relation to an action or appeal which has to be served on other parties or non‑parties., a letter of instruction should be filed with the Register in Chancery with sufficient information to allow the Register in Chancery to prepare the summons.
b. Copies of the approved Application for Designation of a Special Process Server must be carried by the process server to demonstrate authorization by the Court to serve process.
iii. In all cases, parties may choose to forego use of a special process server, and instead may file a praecipe and use the Sheriff to serve process.
II. e-FILING PROCEDURES
(1) Registration and fees for eFiling
i. Any person intending to use eFile must register with File & Serve Xpress™ at: https://www.fileandservexpress.com/
a. Attorneys adding themselves to a civil action (“C.A.”) via File & Serve Xpress’s “Case & Party Management” shall attach documentation on firm letterhead with a full signature block, including their address and Delaware bar numberNumber Αριθμός.
b. Attorneys adding themselves to a civil miscellaneous action (“C.M.”) must fax an entry of appearance to the Register in Chancery in the county in which the case was filed. The entry of appearance shall include a full signature block, including the attorney(s)’ address and Delaware bar number.
c. It is the obligation of registered users to maintain proper delivery information within the File & Serve Xpress system. Parties or attorneys who register to use eFiling shall notify File & Serve Xpress within 10 days of any change in firm name, delivery address, fax number, or e-mail address.
ii. Filing Fees
a. There are several parts to the fee structure for eFiling. These fees will be billed through File & Serve Xpress using the billing arrangements established during the registration process. The parts are:
i. The routine filing fee and court costsCosts Subject to any written law, costs are at the discretion of the Court, and the Court has the power to determine all issues relating to the costs of or incidental to all proceedings, including by whom and to what extent the costs are to be paid, at any stage of the proceedings or after the conclusion of the proceedings. Generally “Costs” includes charges, disbursements, expenses, fees, and remuneration. Costs in any matter are payable from the date of the order of the Court unless the parties otherwise agree. The costs of a third-party funding contract are not recoverable as part of the costs of, or costs. for various pleadings (See Court of Chancery Rule 3).
ii. A court technology fee of $1.25 per documentDocument It means any matter expressed or described or otherwise recorded upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks or any other means or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which may be used, for the purpose of recording that matter and includes electronic and digital records. (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023) (Rule 79.1).
iii. The security assessment fee of $10 per initiating filing.
iv. File & Serve Xpress fees
v. Pro Hac Vice Fees (Rule 170(c)(vi)), technology dispute filing fees.
b. The Court of Chancery Rules (the “Rules”) impose a fee for mediations. Those fees will be billed by the Register in Chancery directly to the parties and will not be included in the File & Serve Xpress billing process.
(2) DocumentsDocument It means any matter expressed or described or otherwise recorded upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks or any other means or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which may be used, for the purpose of recording that matter and includes electronic and digital records. (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023) that must be electronically filed; exceptions
As provided in Rule 79.1, each document that must be filed under the Rules shall be eFiled unless otherwise ordered by the Court, except that:
i. Paper courtesy copies of pleadings, briefs, and other documents should be delivered to the presiding judge as provided in the Court of Chancery’s Guidelines for Practitioners, available at court website.
ii. Survey maps, building plats, and similar descriptive exhibits that cannot be scanned due to size shall be submitted to the Register in Chancery, but the submitting party also shall eFile notice of the submission and serve all parties with such notice.
iii. Supporting documentation for accountings relating to minor or adult guardianships established in the Court of Chancery, such as bank statements, receipts, and cancelled checks, should be delivered in paper copy directly to the Register in Chancery.
(3) Form of Documents Electronically Filed
i. Format
a. Each electronically filed document shall be filed in WordWord Λόγος , WordPerfect, TIFF, or .PDF format, except that each electronically filed brief, motion, and proposed order shall be filed in editable Word or WordPerfect format. To the extent practicable each document shall be formatted in accordance with the applicable rules governing formatting of paper documents, and in such other and further format as the Register in Chancery may require from timeTime χρόνος. Judicial: Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) यमः , पुं, (यमयति नियमयति जीवानां फलाफलमिति । यम् + अच् । विश्वे च कलयत्येव यः सर्व्वायुश्च सन्ततम् । अतीव दुर्निवार्य्यञ्च तं कालं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥यमैश्च नियमैश्चैव यः करोत्यात्मसंयमम् । स चादृष्ट्वा तु मां याति परं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥ to time.
b. A document may exceed page limitation rules to a maximum of two
(2) additional pages when the additional pages are attributable to the electronic conversion or filing process.
i. Any Word, WordPerfect or TIFF file will automatically be converted to .PDF format by File & Serve Xpress, but the original format also will be available for downloading.
ii. The officialOffice Αξίωμα > Officer > Office-bearer (1593) > Opus, officium, ex officio (Latin). Box-office (Cash Box). record of the court is the .PDF version.
c. The size of any eFiled document shall not exceed 10 megabytes.
d. The size of any eFile transaction shall not exceed 25 megabytes.
ii. Title of Documents. The title of each electronically filed document shall include:
a. Party or parties filing the document;
b. Descriptive title of the document;
c. Party or parties against whom relief, if any, is sought; and
d. Description of the relief sought (e.g. Defendant ABC CorporationCorporation A legally established entity that can enter into contracts, own assets and incur debt, as well as sue and be sued—all separately from its owner(s). The term covers both for-profit and nonprofit corporations and includes nonstock corporations, incorporated membership organizations, incorporated cooperatives, incorporated trade associations, professional corporations and, under certain circumstances, limited liability companies.’s Motion for Summary JudgmentSummary judgment In an application for summary judgment, the claimant has to show that he has a prima facie case for summary judgment, following which the burden shifts to the defendant to show that there is a fair or reasonable probability that he has a real or bona fide defence. It will only be granted if the court is satisfied that all the defences raised by the defendant to resist the application are “wholly unsustainable”. Leave to defend would ordinarily be granted where triable issues or questions are militating in favour of a full evaluation of the evidence and arguments. However, mere assertions by a defendant which are equivocal, or lacking in precision, or are inconsistent with undisputed contemporary documents or other statements, or are inherently improbable would not be sufficient for a court to grant leave to defend. against Plaintiff Jones).
iii. Filing Related Documents
a. All electronically filed documents relating to a single pleading or paper shall be “electronically stapled” using the “main” and “supporting” functionality of the eFiling system. Pleadings seeking judicial action such as a proposed order shall be filed separately as supporting documents. In this way, multiple related documents, although filed separately, are logically linked together and identified as a single transaction.
b. All eFiled documents, papers, or pleadings directly relating to a previously filed document, paper, or pleading shall be linked to the previously filed document, paper, or pleading using the “linked to” feature in the File & Serve system.
c. Failure to properly link documents will result in rejection of the filing by the Register in Chancery.
(4) Time of eFiling and Service
i. Please refer to Rule 79.2 regarding the deadline for all documents filed and served electronically.
ii. An eFiled document is deemed served only upon selection of parties to be served and submission according to the File & Serve procedures. The electronic service of a pleading or other document in the File & Serve system is considered valid and effective service on all parties and shall have the same legal effect as conventional service of an original paper or document. The filing party may conventionally serve a paper copy of an electronically filed document on parties not subscribing to the File & Serve system or may select the proper options in File & Serve to serve non-subscribing parties via facsimile or U.S. Mail. The associated filing receipt
will list the parties selected for service and give proofProof Mathematical proof, Direct proof, Proof by contraposition, Proof by contradiction, Proof by construction, Proof by exhaustion, Closed chain inference, Probabilistic proof, Combinatorial proof, Nonconstructive proof, Computer-assisted proofs. of date, time, and method of service.
(5) Public Access to the Docket
i. The Register in Chancery (or its designee) in each county shall make a public access terminal available to interested parties to allow access to the Court’s electronic case record in all eFiled cases, subject to the Court’s rules regarding confidential filings under Rule 5.1, and subject to the rules regarding the confidentiality of civil miscellaneous actions (see Court of Chancery Rule 90).
ii. Documents filed in civil actions that should receive confidential treatment under Rule 5.1 shall be identified as “Confidential, electronic” in the File & Serve Xpress system. These documents will be segregated from any transmission of case history filings, to ensure the integrity of such documents beyond those who are a party to the case. A party that is not served with a Confidential, electronic document will not be able to open or view the document on the File & Serve Xpress system.
iii. Copies made from the Court’s electronic case records shall be printed by the Register in Chancery’s office and copying fees will be charged in accordance with Rule 3.
(6) Additional instructions for eFiling particular types of pleadings and other documents may be found on the Court of Chancery’s website.
III. GUARDIANSHIP PROCEEDINGS.
(1) Appraisers. Appraisers appointed by the Court to assess the disabled person’s real property shall collect payment at the time of settlement. The Register’s Office shall require that the independent appraiser appointed by the Court under 12 Del. C. § 3951 shall submit an invoice for the appraisal to the petitioning attorney or pro se party and also to the Office of the Register in Chancery. If the real property is not sold within six months of the date the appraisal is filed, the Court shall collect the appraisal fee as court costs from the petitioning party. In any case where payment of the court costs would result in a hardship to the disabled person or petitioner, the petitioner should so indicate in the petitionPetition αναφορά > παρακαλώ (Prayer), and the Chancellor, or any Vice Chancellor or Master in Chancery, may make such departure from this Operating Procedure as justiceJustice δικαιοσύνη > judicature ( δικαιοσύνη) > judge (δικαστής / κριτής). The whole purpose of Plato`s Republic is to search for Justice. The purpose of Justice is to establish a perfect State. The State of happiness (ευτυχία) requires.
(2) Co-guardians. When co-guardians are appointed by the Court, unless the parties specify otherwise, the Final Order of the Court shall state that “[Name inserted] and [name inserted], acting[ jointly] or [individually], are hereby appointed co-guardians of the person and property of [name of disabled person inserted].”
(3) Guardianship AccountsAccounting It is the process of recording, summarizing, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions of a business or individual. Types of Accounts > Assets- Things you own (cash, property) Liabilities- Things you owe (loans, bills) Equity- Owner’s stake in the business Revenue- Money you earn (sales, services) Expenses- Costs to run the business . All guardianship accounts established for minors or disabled persons must be titled in such a way that clearly states that withdraws may not be made without Court order.
i. The proposed final order filed with a guardianship petition should specify the proposed title for the guardianship account, which shall follow the following sample:
COURT OF CHANCERY GUARDIANSHIP ACCOUNT FOR JOHN DOE, [MINOR/DISABLED PERSON], JANE DOE, GUARDIAN.
WITHDRAWS ONLY BY ORDER OF THE COURT
ii. An alternate title may be requested upon a showing that a different title is appropriate or necessary under the circumstances.
iii. The final order signed by the Court shall specify how the account must be titled, and that order shall be followed by the banking institution at which the account is established.
IV. IN FORMA PAUPERIS FINANCIAL ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES
(1) When in forma pauperis applicants have income and assets at or below 125% of the poverty level as published in the Code of Federal Regulations, 45 C.F.R. Pt. 1161, their applications shall be approved. At income or asset levels above 125% of the poverty level, the judicial officer may use discretion in granting all or part of the application, if the applicant has unusual expenses or debts in relation to their income.
(2) In determining the maximum allowable assets, the following shall be excluded:
i. Principal residence and surrounding land;
ii. Reasonable equity value in work-related equipment that is essential to employment or self-employment of an individual;
iii. Motor vehicles used for transportation with equity values of up to $10,000;
iv. Household goods;
v. Personal belongings with a fair market value of less than $25,000;
vi. Life insurance with a maximum cash surrender value of $8,000;
vii. Pension fundsFund The term refers to assets of every kind, whether corporeal or incorporeal, tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, however acquired, and legal documents or instruments in any form, including electronic or digital, evidencing title to, or interest in, such assets. and dedicated retirement funds; and
viii. Burial plots.
V. IN FORMA PAUPERIS PROCEDURES
(1) Applications and affidavits to proceed in forma pauperis from non-inmates shall be presented to the Master in Chancery assigned to review such applications. The Master may:
i. Enter an order waiving all fees and court costs and directing the complaint be filed as a new case and given a number.
ii. Enter an order directing certain fees and court costs be paid and directing the complaint be filed as above.
iii. Enter an order establishing a schedule for payment of fees and court costs and directing the complaint be filed as above.
iv. Enter an order denying the application and directing payment of fees by a specified date.
A form of such an order is Attachment A. Such an order shall be considered a draft report to which the non -inmate may file an exception under Chancery Court Rule 144. If no exception is filed in a timely manner, the report shall be deemed final, and the non-inmate shall be deemed to have stipulated to the approval and entry of the report as a final order of this Court.
(2) Applications and affidavits to proceed in forma pauperis from inmates shall be presented to the Master in Chancery assigned to review such applications. The Master may:
i. Direct the amount of fees and costs to be paid and that the inmate shall pay 20 percent of the average daily balance of that inmate’s account for the
previous six months or since the time of incarceration, whichever period of time is less.
ii. Determine whether, based upon the affidavitAffidavit An ex parte statement in writing made under oath before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths, about facts which the affiant either knows of his own personal knowledge or is aware of to the best of his knowledge., the inmate should be ordered to pay more than 20 percent.
iii. Establish a schedule for payment.
iv. Order that the pleading be filed as a new case and given a number, if any of the above is ordered.
v. Enter an order denying the application and directing payment of fees by a specified date.
A form of such an order is Attachment B. Such an order shall be considered a draft report to which the inmate may file an exception under Chancery Court Rule 144. If no exception is filed in a timely manner, the report shall be deemed final and the inmate shall be deemed to have stipulated to the approval and entry of the report as a final order of the Court. The Register in Chancery shall then forward a copy of the payment order to the institution where the inmate is housed.
(3) After establishing the amount of fees and costs to be paid, and once the complaint has been filed and assigned an appropriate number, the Master shall review the complaint and issue such orders as authorized or required by Chapter 88 of Title 10 of the Delaware Code and such other applicable statutesStatute A formal written legal enactment by a sovereign law-making body (Νόμος) > National Constitutions > National Laws > Indian Laws (hereinafter, the “IFP StatuteStatute A formal written legal enactment by a sovereign law-making body (Νόμος) > National Constitutions > National Laws > Indian Laws”).
A form of such order is Attachment C. If the Master dismisses the complaint, the order of dismissal shall be considered a draft report to which the inmate or non-inmate may file an exception under Chancery Court Rule 144. If no exception is filed in a timely manner, the order dismissing the complaint along with any written decision by the Master shall be presented to the Chancellor for review and final order.
(4) If the Master does not dismiss the complaint upon initial review under the IFP Statute, the Master shall order that service of process issue. A form of such order is Attachment C. A form of such order in the case of a civil miscellaneous matterMatter Normal matter is made of molecules, which are themselves made of atoms. Inside the atoms, electrons are spinning around the nucleus. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons. Inside the protons and neutrons, exist indivisible quarks, like the electrons. All matter around us is made of elementary particles. ( building blocks of matter > quarks and leptons). All stable matter in the universe is made from particles that belong to the first-generation. Fundamental forces result from the exchange of force-carrier particles, which belong to a broader group called “bosons”. The strong force is carried by the “gluon”, electromagnetic force is carried by the “photon.” is Attachment D.
(5) Any judicial officer to whom the case is assigned may subsequently dismiss the complaint and issue such other orders as are authorized or required under the IFP Statute.
(6) The Court retains jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case. over the in forma pauperis litigant after dismissal or judgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2). Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision. Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144) Supreme Court Network On Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….” Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022) is entered against such litigant for purposes of collecting all fees and costs.
(7) If the application to proceed in forma pauperis is denied, the Register in Chancery shall notify the applicant that:
i. The application has been denied.
ii. The amount of the filing fee due.
iii. The filing fee must be paid by a specified date (not less than 15 calendar days away) from the date of the notice and, if not paid by then, the matter will be considered closed.
(8) If an application to proceed in forma pauperis is filed in a matter that already is assigned to a judicial officer, the judicial officer assigned to the case shall be informed of such application. If the judicial officer assigned to the case is a Master in Chancery, that Master shall review the application. If the case is assigned to the Chancellor or a Vice Chancellor, a Master shall review the application in the first instance, after alerting the assigned judicial officer.
Attachment A. Order on Application to Proceed in forma pauperis (non-inmates).
ORDER ON APPLICATION TO PROCEED
IN FORMA PAUPERIS
(Non-Inmates)
The Court having considered the application to proceed in forma pauperis and the affidavit filed in connection therewith,
IT IS ORDERED:
____ The application is GRANTED. The applicant shall:
____ Pay no fees or court costs; or
____ Pay certain fees and court costs, namely: _______________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
____ Pay such fees and court costs:
____ By ____________________
$____________ per month
The complaint/petition shall be filed.
____ The application is DENIED. The filing fee of $________ is due
(not less than 15 calendar days from the date of notice). If not paid by then, the matter will be considered closed or the filing will be rejected.
___________________________
Master in Chancery
Dated:
ATTACHMENT B. Order on Application to Proceed in forma pauperis (inmates).
ORDER ON APPLICATION TO PROCEED
IN FORMA PAUPERIS
(Inmates)
The Court having considered the application to proceed in forma pauperis and the affidavit filed in connection therewith,
IT IS ORDERED:
____ The application is GRANTED. The applicant shall:
____ Pay twenty percent (20%) of the applicant’s average daily
balance in the applicant’s inmate account for the previous six
months or time of incarceration, whichever period of time is less.
____ Pay ____________________ (Dollars or more than 20% of
account).
____ No fee or court costs to be paid.
The complaint/petition shall be filed.
____ The application is DENIED. The filing fee of $________ is due
(not less than 15 calendar days from the date of notice). If not paid by then, the matter will be considered closed or the filing will be rejected.
___________________________
Master in Chancery
Dated:
ATTACHMENT C. Order upon Initial Review of Complaint.
IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
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v. ) Civil Action No.
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ORDER UPON INITIAL REVIEW OF COMPLAINT The Court having reviewed the complaint:
1. ___ IT IS ORDERED that the complaint is DISMISSED under 10 Del. C. § 8803(b) because:
_____ The complaint was factually frivolous.
_____ The complaint was legally frivolous.
_____ The complaint was malicious.
_____ It plainly appears from the face of the complaint that the
plaintiff is not entitled to relief.
For the following reasons: ________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Service of process shall not issue.
2. _____ The complaint is NOT DISMISSED and service of process shall issue.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated:
___________________________
Master in Chancery
ATTACHMENT D. Order upon Initial Review of Petition.
IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
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v. ) Civil Misc. No.
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ORDER UPON INITIAL REVIEW OF PETITION The Court having reviewed the petition:
1. ___ IT IS ORDERED that the petition is DISMISSED under 10 Del. C. § 8803(b) because:
_____ The petition was factually frivolous.
_____ The petition was legally frivolous.
_____ The petition was malicious.
_____ It plainly appears from the face of the petition that the
petitioner is not entitled to relief.
For the following reasons: ________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. _____ The petition is NOT DISMISSED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated:
___________________________
Master in Chancery