Vedic Studies

Vedicnon-vedic Non-Vedic literature and ideas are corrupt and nonsustainable for human lives and prosperity. Vedic values ruled the Bharatvarsha directly up to 2000 BCE, then it degraded due to some unknown reason. Then, less meritorious people started to rule Bharat with the spreading of ignorance and Avidya. LibraryLibrary (1) Chinese Library Classification (2025 Current Version), (2) Library of Congress Classification (3) Vatican Apostolic Library (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana)

ओ३म् सह नाववतु। सह नौ भुनक्तु। सह वीर्य्यं करवावहै। तेजस्वि नावधीतमस्तु मा विद्विषावहै। ओ३म् शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः॥१॥ (तै॰आ॰ ९.१)

ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ वेद नहीं हो सकते, क्योंकि उन्हीं का नाम इतिहास, पुराण, कल्प, गाथा और नाराशंसी भी है। वे ईश्वरोक्त नहीं हैं, किन्तु महर्षि लोगों के किये वेदों के व्याख्यान हैं। एक कात्यायन को छोड़ के किसी अन्य ऋषि ने उनके वेद होने में साक्षी नहीं दी है। और वे देहधारी पुरुषों के बनाये हैं। इन हेतुओं से ब्राह्मणग्रन्थों की वेदसंज्ञा नहीं हो सकती। और मन्त्रसंहिताओं का वेद नाम इसलिये है कि ईश्वररचित और सब विद्याओं का मूल है।इससे यह सिद्ध हुआ कि ‘ब्रह्म’ नाम ब्राह्मण का है, सो ब्रह्मादि जो वेदों के जानने वाले महर्षि लोग थे, उन्हीं के बनाये ऐतरेय, शतपथ आदि वेदों के व्याख्यान हैं। इसी कारण से उनके किये ग्रन्थों का नाम ब्राह्मण हुआ है। इससे निश्चय हुआ कि मन्त्रभाग की ही वेदसंज्ञा है, ब्राह्मणग्रन्थों की नहीं। ब्राह्मणग्रन्थों का प्रमाण वेदों के तुल्य नहीं हो सकता, क्योंकि वे ईश्वरोक्त नहीं हैं। परन्तु वेदों के अनुकूल होने से प्रमाण के योग्य तो हैं। [ऋग्वेदादिभाष्यभूमिका (दयानन्दसरस्वतीविरचिता)-वेदसंज्ञाविचारः-२० अगस्त १८७६]

“चातुर्वेद्य चत्वारोवेदा विज्ञाता भवन्ति ऋग्वेदो-यजुर्वेदः सामवेदोऽथर्ववेदश्चेति तत्र ऋग्वेदस्या- ष्टभेदा भवन्ति चर्चा श्रावकश्चर्चक श्रवर्णायपारः क्रमपारः क्रमजटाः क्रमदण्डश्चेति चतुष्पारायणमेतेषां शाखाः पञ्च भवन्त्याश्वलायनी सांख्यायनी शाकला बाष्कला माण्डूकाश्चेति तेषामध्ययनम् । अध्यायानां चतुःषष्टिर्मण्ड- लानि दशैव तु । वर्गाणां परिसंख्यातं द्वे सहस्रे षडुत्तरे सहस्रमेकं सूक्तानां निर्विशङ्गं विकल्पितम् । दश सप्त च पठ्यन्ते संख्यातं वै पदक्रमात् । एकशतसहस्रं वा द्वि- पञ्चाशत्सहस्रार्द्धमेतानि चतुर्दश वासिष्ठानामितरेषां पञ्चाशीतिः ।

ऋचां दश सहस्राणि ऋचां पञ्चशतानि च । ऋचामशीतिः पादश्च पारायणं प्रकीर्त्तितम् । एकर्च एकवर्गश्च नवकश्च तथा स्मृतः । द्वौ वर्गौ द्विऋचौ ज्ञेयौ ऋक्त्रयं शतं च स्मृतम् । चतुरृचां पञ्च- सप्तत्यघिकञ्च शतं तथा । पञ्चऋचां तु द्विशतं सहस्रं रुद्रसंयुतम् । पञ्चचत्वार्य्यधिकं तु षड् ऋचां च शतत्रयम् । सप्त ऋचां शत ज्ञेयं विंशति- श्चाधिकाः स्मृताः । अष्टऋचां तु पञ्चाशत् पञ्चाधिका- स्तथैव च । दशाघिकद्विसहस्राः पञ्चशाखासु निश्चिताः । वर्ग संज्ञा न सूक्तस्य चत्वारश्चात्र कीर्त्तिताः” चरणव्यूहः । वेदपारायणचतुर्विभागात् चरण उच्यते । [ ऋग्वेद – rigveda – वाचस्पत्यम्-तारानाथ भट्टाचार्य]

Since the Renaissance there has been no event of such worldWorld Κόσμος -wide significance in the history of culture as the discoveryDiscovery The process of gathering evidence in a lawsuit is known as discovery. This allows each side to get a better understanding of their position and develop strategies for the litigation. It also can promote the settlement process by revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the case. of SanskritSanskrit It is the oldest living language and civilizational mark. The language of Rig Veda or Atharva Veda (10000 years old) is a pre-Sanskrit Vedic language. It has its own Pratisakhya (Grammar) and Nirukta (Vocabulary). 40% of Tamil is Sanskrit. Before the written form, it was in the form of oral tradition. Such is the case of Six Kanda Ramayana. Before Valmiki, it was in Oral form. Sanskrit has been the language of Jambudvipa. The mother tongue of Sunok, Vasistha, Viswamitra or grandparents of Zarathustra (Resource person of Abrahamic Religions) was the language of Rig Veda. The legend goes that the origin of Sanskrit is the sky, therefore, it is called Deva Bhasa. literature in the latter part of the eighteenth century. After AlexanderAlexander No primary and secondary sources on Alexander are available. Eskandar Nama (Greek text 200 BCE), Translated into Syriac and Pahlavi in Sasanian period. The story is also available in Zoroastrian Tradition, he is mentioned asgujastak / evil ( who killed the Iranian priests and ordered the books of Zoroastrianism, Avesta, to be burned, even mentioned in the Book of Arda Wiraz). He was the son (illicit union) of the Egyptian Pharaoh Nectanebos and Philip of Macedon’s wife Olympias. He was a King of Rum. He died in Babylon (he made it his capital) and was buried in Alexandria, Egypt. He defeated Darius III, Codomannus, and conquered the Achaemenid Empire. Tertiary sources on Alexander: Diodorus of Sicily and Curtius Rufus, Arrian, and Plutarch (Plutarch, Alexander 5.1-3 (356-323 BCE)’s invasion, the Greeks became to some extent acquainted with the learningLearning Educational learning theories: Cognitive Learning Theory, Behaviorism Learning Theory, Constructivism Learning Theory, Humanism Learning Theory, Connectivism Learning Theory, Transformative Learning Theory, Social Learning Theory, Experiential Learning Theory. of the Indians; the Arabs, in the Middle Ages, introduced the knowledgeKnowledge Knowledge is derived from the process of an informed person integrating data from sense organs or intuition into their psyche. This concept is explored in the Vedic Nasadiya Sukta, which questions the possibility of ultimate truth or knowledge. In different languages, such as Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, and Chinese, knowledge is expressed as "η γνώση," "Scientia," "ज्ञानम्‌ ," and "知识 Zhīshì," respectively. of IndianIndia Hind/ hend >hindia. Bharat Varsha (Jambudvipa used in Mahavamsha) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । The place also been called Hindusthan in Pesia. The word Hendu is mentioned in Avesta. Read more scienceScience επιστήμη to the West; a few European missionaries, from the sixteenth century onwards, were not only aware of the existence of, but also acquired some familiarity with, the ancient language of IndiaIndia Hind/ hend >hindia. Bharat Varsha (Jambudvipa used in Mahavamsha) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । The place also been called Hindusthan in Pesia. The word Hendu is mentioned in Avesta. Read more; and Abraham Roger even translated the Sanskrit poet Bhartṛihari into Dutch as early as 1651. Nevertheless, till about a hundred and twenty years ago there was no authentic information in EuropeEurope EU and Countries - Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City. about the existence of Sanskrit literature, but only vague surmise, finding expression in stories about the wisdom of the Indians. The enthusiasm with which Voltaire in his Essai sur les Mœurs et l’Esprit des Nations greeted the lore of the Ezour Vedam, a work brought from India and introduced to his notice in the middle of the last century, was premature. For this work was later provedProved A fact is said to be proved when, after considering the matters before it, the Court either believes it to exist, or considers its existence so probable that a prudent man ought, under the circumstances of the particular case, to act upon the supposition that it exists; to be a forgeryForgery In a legal and moral sense (Lat. falsum), it is the utterance or publication, with intent to deceive or defraud, or to gain some advantage, of a false document, put out by one person in the name of and as the genuine work of another, who did not execute it, or the subsequent alteration of a genuine document by one who did not execute the original. This species of falsification extends alike to all classes of writings, promissory notes, the coin or currency of the realm, to any legal or private document, or to a book. made in the seventeenth century by a Jesuit missionary. The skepticism justified by this fabrication, and indulged in when the discovery of the genuine Sanskrit literature was announced, survived far into the present century. Thus, Dugald Stewart, the philosopherPhilosophy Metaphysics (Matter), Epistemology (knowledge of knowledge), Ethics (Sense of Good or Bad), Logic ( structure of reasoning) > Philosophers: Plato Aristotle Aquinas Locke Marx Hume Mill Kant Wittgenstein Descartes Nietzsche Sartre. Disciplines: Philosophy of Law. Philosophy of Feminism. Philosophy of Religion. Philosophy of Science. Philosophy of Mind. Philosophy of Literature. Political Philosophy. Philosophy of the Arts. Philosophy of History. Philosophy of Language. Theology Vs Philosophy , wrote an essay in which he endeavored to prove that not only Sanskrit literature, but also the Sanskrit language, was a forgery made by the crafty Brahmans on the model of GreekGreek Oldest Greek (750 BCE Dipylon inscription) Alphabet A α alpha B β beta Γ γ gamma Δ δ delta E ε epsilon Z ζ zeta H η eta Θ θ theta I ι iota K κ kappa Λ λ lamda M μ mu N v nu Ξ ξ xi O o omikron Π π pi P p rho Σ σ ς sigma Τ τ tau Y υ upsilon Φ φ phi X x chi Ψ ψ psi Ω ω omega ♦ Homer (800 B.C.E) Hesiod (700 B.C.E), Aesop (6th-century B.C.E), Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E) Euclid (ca. 300 B.C.E), Epicurus ( 341-270 B.C.E), (Strabo 64 B.C.E.-23 C.E) Epictetus (55-105 C.E), Josephus (37-100 C.E) ♦ Septuagint (LXX 2nd Century BCE) > New Testament (Καινή Διαθήκη). Greek vocabulary > Greek grammar > Learn Greek in 30 hours. after Alexander’s conquest. Indeed, this view was elaborately defended by a professor at Dublin as late as the year 1838.

The first impulse to the study of Sanskrit was given by the practical administrative needs of our Indian possessions. Warren Hastings, at that timeTime χρόνος. Judicial: Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) यमः , पुं, (यमयति नियमयति जीवानां फलाफलमिति । यम् + अच् । विश्वे च कलयत्येव यः सर्व्वायुश्च सन्ततम् । अतीव दुर्निवार्य्यञ्च तं कालं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥यमैश्च नियमैश्चैव यः करोत्यात्मसंयमम् । स चादृष्ट्वा तु मां याति परं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥ Governor-General, clearly seeing the advantage of ruling the Hindus as far as possible according to their own laws and customs, caused a numberNumber Αριθμός of Brahmans to prepare a digest based on the best ancient Indian legal authorities. An English version of this Sanskrit compilation, made through the medium of a PersianPersian Alphabet: ( ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی ) > Cuneiform [Darius I (550-486 BC)] originated from Vedic Sanskrit : adam : dārayavauš : xšāyaθiya : vazarka : xšāyaθiya : xšāyaθiyānām : xšāyaθiya : pārsaiy : xšāyaθiya : dahyūnām : vištāspahyā : puça : aršāmahyā : napā : haxāmanišiya…. translation, was published in 1776. The introduction to this work, besides giving specimens of the Sanskrit script, for the first time supplied some trustworthy information about the ancient Indian language and literature. The earliest step, however, towards making Europe acquainted with actual Sanskrit writings was taken by Charles Wilkins, who, having, at the instigationInstigation In Chitresh Kumar Chopra v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi) 2009 (11) SCALE 24, the court opined that there should be intention to provoke, incite or encourage the doing of an act by the latter. Each person's suicidability pattern is different from the others. Each person has his own idea of self-esteem and self-respect. It is impossible to lay down any straight-jacket formula in dealing with such cases. Each case has to be decided on the basis of its own facts and circumstances. of Warren Hastings, acquired a considerable knowledge of Sanskrit at Benares, published in 1785 a translation of the Bhagavad-gītā, or The Song of the Adorable One, and two years later, a version of the well-known collection of fables entitled Hitopadeça, or Friendly Advice.

Sir William Jones (1746-94) was, however, the pioneer of Sanskrit studies in the West. It was this brilliant and many-sided Orientalist who, during his too-brief career of eleven years in India, first aroused a keen interest in the study of Indian antiquity by his unwearied literary activity and by the foundation of the Asiatic Society of BengalWest Bengal Bengal derived its name from Vedic king Vanga (Son of Vali). Banga was part of the Magadha Kingdom of Jarasandha and later Nanda dynasty. After the Garuda Dynasty ( history lost) the region was named Gouda Bhumi. Districts North 24 Parganas South 24 Parganas Bankura Birbhum CoochBihar Dakshin Dinajpur Darjeeling Hooghly Howrah Jalpaiguri Jhargram Kalimpong Kolkata Malda Murshidabad Nadia Paschim Burdwan Purba Burdwan Paschim Medinipur Purba Medinipur Purulia Uttar Dinajpur Alipurduar Govt Site Calcutta High Court KMC in 1784. Having rapidly acquired an accurate knowledge of Sanskrit, he published in 1789 a translation of Sakuntalā, the finest Sanskrit drama, which was greeted with enthusiasm by such judges as Herder and Goethe. This was followed by a translation of the Code of Manu, the most important of the Sanskrit lawLaw νόμος: Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Judiciary > Show me the face, and I will show you the law. Some people know how to bend the law rather than break it. Law Practice. Read a scholarly article booksBook Council of Trent (1545–1563) the Catholic Church created a Congregation of the Index, to declare a writing dangerous and to burn it, till it exists without notice. For Christians, the Bible, and for Muslims Quran, is only good for human guidance and nothing else. After Jesus, St. Peter and St. Paul are the most educated persons in the Christian world.. To Sir William Jones also belongs the credit of having been the first man who ever printed an edition of a Sanskrit text. This was a short lyrical poem entitled Ṛitusaṃhāra, or Cycle of the Seasons, published in 1792. [A HISTORY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE-Arthur Anthony Macdonell-1900]