North Macedonia
North Macedonia is a parliamentary republic whose modern political evolution accelerated after independence in 1991 and the 2001 Ohrid Framework Agreement, which stabilized interethnic relations. Its politics are dominated by the SDSM and VMRO-DPMNE blocs, while Albanian parties such as DUI remain essential coalition partners. The country resolved its long-running name dispute with Greece through the Prespa Agreement in 2018, enabling accession to North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 2020. North Macedonia’s foreign policy centers on Euro-Atlantic integration and strong ties with the United States, which deepened further in 2026 with a bilateral framework on reciprocal, fair, and balanced trade. Domestically, politics remain polarized, with ongoing efforts to strengthen judicial independence, curb corruption, and improve media freedom. Economic policy aims to attract investment and align regulations with EU standards, while governance reforms continue in municipalities including Skopje.