Halsbury’s Laws of EnglandEngland 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 29 London boroughs, 12 cities and boroughs, 10 districts, 12 cities, 3 royal boroughs boroughs: Barnsley, Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Bury, Calderdale, Darlington, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Halton, Hartlepool, Kirklees, Knowsley, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North Tyneside, Oldham, Poole, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rochdale, Rotherham, Sandwell, Sefton, Slough, Solihull, Southend-on-Sea, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Swindon, Tameside, Thurrock, Torbay, Trafford, Walsall, Warrington, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton counties (or unitary authorities): Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Wiltshire, Worcestershire-Being A Complete Statement of the Whole LawLaw νόμος: Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Judiciary > Show me the face, and I will show you the law. Some people know how to bend the law rather than break it. Law Practice. Read a scholarly article of England.
Editor in Chief
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF HALSBURY,
LORDLord Adoni in Hebrew (אָדוֹן) and dominions in Larin. άρχοντας / κύριος in NT HIGH CHANCELLOR OF GREAT BRITAIN, 1SS5-S6, 1SS6-92, and 1S95— 1905
The law of England, as they understood it, comprised the whole civil law, in whatever Courts administered, the criminal law, the law relating to the constitutionConstitution The Constitution encompasses the global system of rules governing constitutional authority. Simply reading selected provisions of the written text may be misleading. Understanding the underlying principles, such as federalism, democracy, constitutionalism, the rule of law, and respect for minorities, is crucial. Democratic institutions must allow for ongoing discussion and evolution, reflected in the right of participants to initiate constitutional change. This right entails a reciprocal duty to engage in discussions. Democracy involves more than majority rule, existing within the context of other constitutional values. Therefore, a profound understanding of these principles informs our appreciation of constitutional rights and obligations. Read more, the jurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case., and procedure of the Courts, including the law of evidenceEvidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved. Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023 and constitutional law, the commissioners proceeded to point out the extent and variety of the sources from which the existing law is to be ascertained. SpeakingSpeech 400 million years ago, the larynx was developed and allowed for communication with other animals. 60 million years ago, human beings talked about Dynosure or like animals in India. The vocal tract was in place to support modern human discourse as early as 300,000 years ago in the Indian subcontinent. of the bulk of the statutesStatute A formal written legal enactment by a sovereign law-making body (Νόμος) > National Constitutions > National Laws > Indian Laws and the amount of judicial decisions, they calculated that the judicial decisions were included in thirteen hundred volumes, exclusive of a hundred and fifty volumes of Irish reports, and they calculated the numberNumber Αριθμός of cases at a hundred thousand. They recommended a digest, which they defined as a condensed summary of the law as it exists arranged in systematic order under proper titles and subdivisions, and divided into definite statements or propositions, which should be supported by references to the sources of the law whence they were severally derived, and might be illustrated by citations of the principal instances in which the rules stated have been discussed or applied.
The commission sat and took some evidence; but it is very remarkable that they made no allusion in their first report, the only one that ever appeared, to the exhaustive and complete Index to the Statutes, and the edition of them down to the reign of Queen Anne, which was prepared by very distinguished commissioners in answer to addresses of the House of CommonsHouse of Commons The UK public elects 650 Members of Parliament to represent their interests and concerns in the House. MPs consider and propose new laws, and can scrutinise government policies by asking ministers questions about current issues either in the Commons Chamber or in Committees.. Both the index and the edition of the statutes are a marvellous exhibition of painstaking labour and profound learningLearning Educational learning theories: Cognitive Learning Theory, Behaviorism Learning Theory, Constructivism Learning Theory, Humanism Learning Theory, Connectivism Learning Theory, Transformative Learning Theory, Social Learning Theory, Experiential Learning Theory.. The various volumes when published were deposited in the Parliament Ofiice, and received this inscription : This bookBook Council of Trent (1545–1563) the Catholic Church created a Congregation of the Index, to declare a writing dangerous and to burn it, till it exists without notice. For Christians, the Bible, and for Muslims Quran, is only good for human guidance and nothing else. After Jesus, St. Peter and St. Paul are the most educated persons in the Christian world. is to be perpetually preserved in, and for the use of, the Parliament OfficeOffice Αξίωμα > Officer > Office-bearer (1593) > Opus, officium, ex officio (Latin). Box-office (Cash Box)..”[Introduction by HALSBUEY]
Volume 1 [Action. Admiralty. Agency. AgricultureAgriculture Modern agriculture encompasses the entire system of food, fiber, and fuel production, integrating crop cultivation, livestock rearing, agronomy, and agricultural economics. It includes arable farming, horticulture, pastoral and intensive livestock systems, all shaped by markets and public policy. Today, agriculture faces severe global challenges: food insecurity, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, post-harvest waste, and the vulnerability of smallholder farmers, particularly women. Feeding a growing global population while preserving ecosystems is the central dilemma. Innovative responses include climate-smart and conservation agriculture, agroecology, precision and digital farming, integrated pest management, sustainable intensification, urban agriculture, and genome editing. These interventions align with UN frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement, and the mandates of FAO, WFP, and IFAD, which collectively guide efforts toward resilient, equitable, and sustainable global food systems.. Aliens. Allotments. Animals. ArbitrationArbitration (ADR) A dispute settlement process whereby the parties agree to submit their differences to judges of their own choice and to abide by the decision of the judges.. Auction and auctioneers. Bailments. Bankers and banking.]
Volume 2 [Bankruptcy and insolvency. BarristersBarristers They are specialist legal advisers and courtroom advocates. They are trained to advise clients on the strengths and weaknesses of their case. They have specialist knowledge and experience in and out of court. Practising barristers must hold a practising certificate issued by us. Barristers’ Register is an online database which displays details of all barristers who have a current practising certificate. read more about BSB. The Inns of Court or “Inns” are professional membership associations for barristers in England and Wales. The Bar Council is the representative body for barristers.. Bastardy. Bills of exchange.]
Volume 3 [Bills of sale. Bonds. Boundaries, fences and party walls. Building contracts, engineers and architects. Building societies. Burial and cremation.]
Volume 4 [Carriers. Charities. Choses in action. Clubs. Commons and rights of common.]
Volume 5 [Companies.]
Volume 6 [Compulsory purchase of land and compensation. Conflict of lawsConflict of laws A conflict of laws occurs when a case has a connection to two or more jurisdictions with different applicable laws. Preclusion may consist of res judicata (claim preclusion) or collateral estoppel (issue preclusion). Res judicata prevents claims that have been litigated or could have been litigated from being litigated again, while collateral estoppel prevents issues that have been litigated from being litigated again.. Constitutional law (Parts I V).]
Volume 7 [Constitutional law (Part VI to end). Contempt of courtContempt of Court Failure to obey a court order. A disregard of, or disobedience to, the rules or orders of a judicial body or an interruption of its proceedings by disorderly behavior or insolent language. Civil Contempt: Noncompliance with a court order or rule that affects another person; punishment is administered to compel compliance., attachment and committal. ContractContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act..]
Volume 8 [Copyholds. CopyrightCopyright India’s copyright framework provides all the basic protections required by international law. Some aspects, such as the term of protection, go beyond international law as set out in the Berne Convention and the WTO’s Trade-related aspects of intellectual property agreement. Copyright owners do get automatic protection through Indian law. and literary property. Coroners. Corporations. County courts.]
Volume 9 [Courts. Criminal law and procedure.]
Volume 10 [Crown practice. Custom and usages. DamagesDamages Damages (often termed ‘user damage’) are readily awarded at common law for the invasion of rights to tangible moveable or immovable property (by detinue, conversion or trespass). Damages are also available on a similar basis for patent infringement and breaches of other intellectual property rights of a proprietary character.. Deeds and other instruments. Dependencies and colonies.]
Volume 11 [Descent and distribution. DiscoveryDiscovery The process of gathering evidence in a lawsuit is known as discovery. This allows each side to get a better understanding of their position and develop strategies for the litigation. It also can promote the settlement process by revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the case.. Distress. Easements and profits a prendre. Ecclesiastical law.]
Volume 12 [Education. Elections. Electric lighting and powerPower The amount of energy transferred or converted per unit of time. In the International System of Units, the unit of it is the watt, equal to one joule per second. The capacity of energy infrastructure is rated using watts, which indicate its potential to supply or consume energy in a given period of time. A Power-plant rated at 100 MW has the potential to produce 100 MWh if it operates for one hour..]
Volume 13 [Equity. Estate and other death duties. EstoppelEstoppel Res judicata debars a court from exercising its jurisdiction to determine the lis if it has attained finality between the parties whereas the doctrine issue estoppel is invoked against the party. If such an issue is decided against him, he would be estopped from raising the same in the latter proceeding.. Bhanu Kumar Jain v. Archana Kumar ([2004] Supp. 6 SCR 1104 : (2005) 1 SCC 787). Evidence.]
Volume 14 [Execution. Executors and administrators. Explosives. Extradition and fugitive offenders. Factories and shops. Family arrangements. Ferries. Fisheries.]
Volume 15 [Food and drugs. Fraudulent and voidable conveyances. Friendly societies. Game. Gaming and wagering. Gas. Gifts. Guarantee.]
Volume 16 [Highways, streets and bridges. Husband and wife. Income tax.]
Volume 17 [Industrial, provident and similar societies. Infants and children. Inhabited house duty. Injunction. Inns and innkeepers. Insurance. Interpleader.]
Volume 18 [Intoxicating liquors. Judgements and orders. Juries. Land improvement. Land tax. Landlord and tenant. Libel and slander.]
Volume 19 [Lien. Limitation of actions. Literary and scientific institutions. Loan societies. Local governmentGovernment HM Govt consists of the Prime Minister, their Cabinet, and junior ministers, supported by the teams of non-political civil servants that work in government departments. The American Federal Government consists of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.. Lunatics and persons of unsound mindMind We know nothing about its origin, growth, or demise. Where it lives, can it live without a brain? Possibly, the mind is the soul and spirit. See Consciousness. Magistrates. Malicious prosecution and procedure.]
Volume 20 [Markets and fairs. Master and servant. Mayor’s Court, London. MedicineMedicine Refers to the practices and procedures used for the prevention, treatment, or relief of symptoms of diseases or abnormal conditions. This term may also refer to a legal drug used for the same purpose. Much of modern medicine is about management of chronic disease and prevention of more serious sequelae—not actual cures. and pharmacy. Metropolis. Mines, minerals and quarries. Misrepresentation and fraud.]
Volume 21 [Mistake. MoneyMoney Χρήματα, νόμισμα (currency), Old French monoie, Pecunia, Money supply, Reserve money, Monetary System, Money-laundering, Electronic Money, Money Transfer, Promissory notes. Coin of Alexander (330 B.C.E). Dematerialized form is Paper Currency( In USA 1600 CE and in 1861 in India). Money makes men. Balance of Payments, Net borrowing. Euro, Dollar, INR. and money lending. Mortgage. Name and arms, change of. Negligence. Notaries. Nuisance. Open spaces and recreation grounds. Parliament. Partition.]
Volume 22 [Partnership. PatentsPatents Like in the UK, patents for inventions can be protected for up to 20 years in India. All patent rights in India are subject to the payment of annual renewal fees after they’ve been granted. and inventions. Pawns and pledges. Peerages and dignities. Perpetuities. Personal property. Pleading. Police. Poor law. Post office.]
Volume 23 [Powers. Practice and procedure. Press and printing. Prisons. Prize law and jurisdiction. Public authorities and public officers. Public health and local administration. Railways and canals.]
Volume 24 [Rates and rating. Real property and chattels real. Receivers. Registration of births, marriages and deaths. Rent charges and annuities. Revenue.]
Volume 25 [Royal forces. Sale of goods. Sale of land. Set-off and counterclaim. Settlements. Sewers and drains. Sheriffs and bailiffs.]
Volume 26 [Shipping and navigation. Smallholdings and small dwellings. Solicitors.]
Volume 27 [Specific performanceSpecific performance The remedy of specific performance is special and extraordinary and is at the court’s discretion, which the court would only exercise “if, under all the circumstances, it is just an equitable to do so”. Factors affecting the court’s discretion include considerations such as: (a) whether damages would be an adequate remedy; and (b) whether the person against whom the relief of specific performance is being sought would suffer substantial hardship.. Statutes. Stock exchange. Street and aerial traffic. Telegraphs and telephones. Theatres and other places of entertainment. TimeTime χρόνος. Judicial: Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) यमः , पुं, (यमयति नियमयति जीवानां फलाफलमिति । यम् + अच् । विश्वे च कलयत्येव यः सर्व्वायुश्च सन्ततम् । अतीव दुर्निवार्य्यञ्च तं कालं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥यमैश्च नियमैश्चैव यः करोत्यात्मसंयमम् । स चादृष्ट्वा तु मां याति परं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥. TortTort A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.. Trade and trade unions. Trademarks, trade names and designs. Tramways and light railways. Trespass. Trover and detinue.]
Volume 28 [Trusts and trustees. Valuers and appraisers. Water supply. Waters and watercourses. Weights and measures. Wills. Work and labour.]
Volume 29 [Consolidated table of cases.]
To be continued…..
Total 31 volumes