Constitutional Provision
Art. 7
The State and the Catholic Church are, each within its own sphere, independent and sovereign.
Their relations are governed by the Lateran Pact. Changes to the Pact that are accepted by both parties shall not require a constitutional amendment. (Constitution)
Art. 8
All religious denominations shall enjoy equal freedom before the law.
Religious denominations other than Catholicism have the right to organize themselves in accordance with their own by-laws, provided that these are not in conflict with the Italian legal system. (1)
Their relations with the State shall be regulated by law based on agreements with their respective representatives.
Art. 3
All citizens possess equal social dignity and are equal before the law, without distinction of sex, race, language, religion and political orientation, personal and social conditions.
It is the duty of the Republic to remove economic and social obstacles which,by limiting the freedom and equality of citizens, prevent the full development of the natural person and the actual participation of all workers in the political,economic and social organization of the country.
Footnotes
(1) The Italian judicial system is based on the civil law. The administrative function is carried out by the Ministry of Justice. The Constitution puts the Ministry of Justice in charge of court administration because of its special function, role, and relationship with the judiciary.
Bibliography
1-Melloni, Alberto (2015): “The Italian Catholic Hierarchy” s. 409-424 in Jones, Erik and Gianfranco Pasquino (red.), The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2-Mershon, Carol (2015): “Party Systems in Post-World War II Italy” s. 144-158 in Jones, Erik and Gianfranco Pasquino (red.), The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3-Norris, Pippa and Ronald Inglehart (2011): Sacred and secular : religion and politics worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4-Seymour, Mark (2006): Debating Divorce in Italy: Marriage and the Making of Modern Italians, 1860–1974. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, New York.
5-Gilmour, David (2011): The pursuit of Italy : a history of a land, its regions and their peoples. London: Allen Lane.
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